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Judge H. Lee Sarokin

Judge H. Lee Sarokin

Posted: May 31, 2010 12:00 PM

Is the Limitation of Liability for Oil Spills the Poster Boy Against Tort Reform?

What's Your Reaction:

If BP's liability for the oil spill is limited to $75 million, who pays for the damages over that amount? If some fisherman loses a business he has had for 50 years and BP has paid out a day or two of its earnings for damages -- reached the cap -- does the fisherman absorb the loss or does the government (the taxpayer) pay the difference? I expect that in reality, BP will be responsible for more than the $75 million in damage claims, but I have to wonder what Congress was thinking when it adopted the limitation of liability.

There are other instances in which industries have been granted immunity or limitations on liability, but they usually have been to protect those companies or persons who are satisfying some national need or emergency, such as the production of a vaccine to prevent an epidemic. I suppose that it can be argued that the spill limitation was enacted to encourage offshore exploration for oil, but there are hundreds of other endeavors far more worthwhile that do not receive such protection.

In the constant conservative cry for tort reform and caps on liability, the same question needs to be asked: Who pays or absorbs the balance over and above the cap? Limitations of liability by their very definition protect the wrongdoer and adversely affect the victim. If ever there was a need to question limitations on liability, it is in the case of oil companies who literally earn billions, but can say to a fisherman whose business they have destroyed: We've paid our maximum---the cap has been reached. Sorry you are on your own.

As I have said in an earlier post, Congress should not be debating increasing the limitation but rather eliminating it entirely.

 
 
 
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02:22 PM on 06/06/2010
ustice soon?

From the NYT today:

NEW ORLEANS — Over six days in May, far from the familiar choreography of Washington hearings, federal investigators grilled workers involved in the Deepwater Horizon disaster in a chilly, sterile conference room at a hotel near the airport here.

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/07/us/07capture.html?

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/06/us/06rig.html?hp

http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62G2DO20100317

http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/17/demons-and-demonization/
10:53 PM on 06/01/2010
http://thinkprogress.org/2010/06/01/cheney-bp-flack/

"Under threat of receivership and criminal investigation for its destruction of the Gulf of Mexico, foreign oil giant BP has hired a former top aide for Vice President Dick Cheney to be their new spokeswoman. Anne Womack-Kolton has been hired to be “head of U.S. media relations.” A rising star in the Bush-Cheney White House since the 2000 campaign, Womack-Kolton served as Cheney’s press secretary during the 2004 election before running public affairs in the Bush Department of Energy:"

This is probably a good hire for BP: It was press aides to Cheney that made us think that there was WMD in Iraq; outted CIA operative Valerie Plame, and also pushed the idea of giving taxpayer money from the war to private contractors for Iraq.

http://www.boston.com/news/world/articles/2008/03/06/top_iraq_contractor_skirts_us_taxes_offshore/

http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2004/02/25/cheneys_unprecedented_power/

http://www.nationaljournal.com/about/njweekly/stories/2006/0209nj1.htm

http://www.theatlantic.com/murray-waas/
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04:08 PM on 06/01/2010
Republican's take from the (poor), and give to the rich. Democrates take from the (poor), and then tell them how to spend it. "An old man once said that the Politician's (Judge's), mayor's, and [expert's] etc....were all a bunch of crock's. The Politician's and such, hear about this and summoned him in to court to explain himself, or he would be hanged. On that day, he met them on a field, and stopped his "donkey" in front of them, and said, what do you see? They all talked among themselfs for sometime and then said, we see that you are riding your donkey backward's, he smiled and said, that is my point, did you ever think the donkey was going "backward's"? (Sufi) story. In (The Gospel of Philip), he tells on how the "Conservative's" play this game of "demagogurey". ;)
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denbeath
02:33 PM on 06/01/2010
From what I can see there is no one to absorb the cost. The little people as always will left holding the bag and it will be empty of what it once contained.... their life.
01:11 PM on 06/01/2010
BP needs to be punished severely, there is no question about that. On the other hand, there have to be sanity limits or we will end up with people being too afraid to take valuable risks. There are already entire counties in Illinois that do not have obstetricians because the insurance costs more than they can possibly make. A friend of mine, a urologist, just relocated his practice to Wisconsin for the same reason. When you leave a highly charged emotional subject like this to 12 laymen who don't understand the testimony and decide their verdict based on photographs, you are likely to get extremem verdicts. There is little difference between a third world dictator seizing your livelihood and 12 laymen and an activist judge doing it.
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Appleblossom
04:15 PM on 06/01/2010
Did you know that doctors are classic case of a trapped consumer base? There is no incentive for the private market to not over charge them except by losing customers but since anyone who practices has to have it-they get away with it.

Restricting access to the court does little to solve the problem and allows for people to be harmed without recourse.
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01:46 PM on 06/02/2010
Apple and Cool:
My understanding is that BP and medical are two different things.

Medical has become out of hand because insurance companies settle uncontested and pass increased premiums on to doctors to the point where doctors have to earn hundreds of thousands a year just to start even. Then they squeeze doctor and patient with restrictions upon how much compensation they will pay for medical procedures and visits. I agree with Apple that restricting court access is not the answer, lest you restrict legitimate petitions for relief, but we do need regulations that break up that easy pass-along.

BP is ridiculous in a very different way. Their engineers started by trying capping and other techniques on a 5000 foot deep blowout. Those solutions were tried 39 years ago for a 200 hundred foot deep "event" in the same Gulf area AND they didn't work even then. Now they are down thousands of feet with vastly more complicated problems for which they have not done even minimal precautionary planning. The only solution in hand right now is a relief well which will take three months to dig. Thirty nine years ago that was also the only solution that worked.

Oil companies can take huge risks with minimal prevention because there are minimal consequences. These are not ordinary creative business risks. Compare BP's "risks" to the insane derivatives market if you will. We darn well want to stifle both.
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zx880
10:04 AM on 06/01/2010
I personally don't believe there should be limits. Civil punishments are often the only remedy that can occur in many situations; particularly those dealing with corporations.

I would have a question Judge, about the current efforts to change (or eliminate) the caps for BP. Could such a change be applied retroactively? Given that much the congressional record talks about BP specifically right now, would they be able to defeat the change in cap by claiming this was a bill of attainder aimed at them?
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Judge H. Lee Sarokin
Retired after serving 17 years on the federal cour
12:12 PM on 06/01/2010
zx880 - I am not certain whether or not a reduction or elimination in the limits can be made retroactive.But as a practical matter, given the current atmosphere, there is no way that BP's liability will be limited to $75 million no matter what happens with the law.
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Freesia2
I'm nicer than I appear in print. :-)
09:54 AM on 06/01/2010
This is going to sound very simplistic, but I've always wondered why liability isn't instituted in the form of a "security deposit".

When I check into a hotel with my dog (a trip without puppy does not a vacation make) the standard arrangement is that I have to pay a security deposit against potential damages and the security is 2 layered: Some small amount - usually about $10 - which defrays the cost of some flea spray I guess if she has "cooties". I don't get that back.But it's also understood that they have my credit card on file and if I check out and she's eaten the front of the dresser and a 1/2 a bedspread, then they're going to charge it to me. No questions asked.

Why can't they do the same with businesses, oil companies, who risk a gulf to their drilling. They pay a security deposit. If they don't do any damage - they lose nothing or precious little. If they do - Visa or Master Card? Pay up. That's not a question. Or at the very least tie damages to a merit system. If they implement the extra safety measures in good faith, then their cap is adjusted accordingly. A company that tried to be responsible before the fact isn't as liable as a company that didn't.

Or they could just get rid of that cap. .
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12:10 PM on 06/01/2010
You ask why? Because no one has bribed our Congress with millions in campaign donations in support of your proposal.

Power does not tolerate dissent. The powerful have purchased the Congress. The only place left for common people to seek justice is in Court, and "tort reform" is simply an effort by the powerful to eliminate that remaining hope for justice.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Judge H. Lee Sarokin
Retired after serving 17 years on the federal cour
12:18 PM on 06/01/2010
Fressia2 - Great idea, but if they have the clout to obtain liability limits, they probably have it to avoid any security arrangement. Many enterprises have to post bonds to do certain types of work. Maybe after this disaster, an idea such as yours will take root---that is if any offshore drilling is ever allowed again!
Grunty1
Micro-bio this
09:48 AM on 06/01/2010
[but I have to wonder what Congress was thinking when it adopted the limitation of liability.]

Given the year Congress approved it, they were thinking one thing: cha-ching
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Judge H. Lee Sarokin
Retired after serving 17 years on the federal cour
12:19 PM on 06/01/2010
Grunty1 - Unfortunately you are probably right----campaign contributions and lobbying at work.
08:24 AM on 06/01/2010
Liability caps seem like simply the result of effective lobbying - where else would they come from?

It seems to me that a fair way to have such caps would be to also put in place an identical profit cap - any excess profits over the cap would be sequestered to help defray the excess costs of the inevitable disaster.
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08:19 AM on 06/01/2010
The victims are left to suck it up, Judge. Although I know of one victim who deserved it.

Read the story of the late Frank Cornelius, a lobbyist who helped Indiana pass tort reform. When he later got sick, his doctors slowly murdered him with neglect. His claims totaled over $5 million, but his own law capped his recovery at $500,000. And his law did nothing to slow the increase of health care costs in Indiana. It just left human beings crippled by major costs with no way to pay for the treatment they needed.

Karma? See "Crushed by My Own Reform" at http://www.coalitionforpatientsrights.org/tort-reform.shtml
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Judge H. Lee Sarokin
Retired after serving 17 years on the federal cour
12:22 PM on 06/01/2010
Dogger - Thanks. Tort reform at work!
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Skeptical Patriot
06:00 AM on 06/01/2010
A typical lawyer's response. Plaintiffs lawyers are the most self-serving bunch and rank far below even politicians.

If a liability is measurable then it's insurable and the result of lifting notional tort damage limits will be simply to drive insurance costs higher with the results being passed along to consumers. In the case of the gulf disaster, a complete lift on liabilities would have resulted in either no drilling of any sort ever because it is an uninsurable risk or simply higher oil prices. If the gov't wants to limit drilling then limit drilling don't create a get rich program for the lawyers.

When lawyers can use the system to drive 1/3 contingency fees without limitations, then the number of gun slinging lawyers and lawsuits will increase and more John Edwards will emerge. Hmm, a double whammy
Grunty1
Micro-bio this
09:50 AM on 06/01/2010
Ok, then I'm sure you can answer the question:

Who pays or absorbs the balance over and above the cap?
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Judge H. Lee Sarokin
Retired after serving 17 years on the federal cour
12:34 PM on 06/01/2010
Skeptical Patriot - I suppose that you are correct that whenever a company pays out claims, it can, in turn, pass that expense on to consumers, but is that a reason to deny full compensation to victims. I concede that lawyers will make money by representing persons injured from the spill, but here again should that limit the recovery to the victims. As between a contingency agreement, in which a lawyer receives a large percentage for winning and nothing for losing or paying an hourly rate---win or lose--I suspect that most spill victims would chose the former. In many states, contingency fees are limited. I assure you that my urging that victims of the spill should receive full compensation without limitation is to benefit the victims---not the lawyers representing them.
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pyradius
Death by a thousand tax cuts
12:24 AM on 06/01/2010
If you think about it, caps are really a way of promoting reckless behavior. The oil companies still collect the vast rewards that drilling offers, while mitigating the risk at our expense. Ironically, this bears similar traits to 'too big to fail', which Republicans are against.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Judge H. Lee Sarokin
Retired after serving 17 years on the federal cour
06:31 PM on 06/01/2010
pyradis - Absolutely correct. One of the functions of tort law is to deter wrongful behavior as well as compensate those who have been injured by it.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
bighat
Truth as I see it
11:54 PM on 05/31/2010
Why have we not seen who the actual members of congress are that voted in favor of a 75 million dollar cap?

When was this law passed?

I care alot more about what members in congress voted for this law than the party who was in charge. I want to know if they are still in congress no matter the party.
Grunty1
Micro-bio this
09:50 AM on 06/01/2010
It passed during Dubya's terms. 2004 I believe.
11:14 AM on 06/01/2010
It was passed in 1990. You aren't going to like the list of sponsors that are still on congress though:
Rep. Gary Ackerman [D-NY5]
Sen. Daniel Akaka [D-HI]
Sen. Barbara Boxer [D-CA]
Sen. Thomas Carper [D-DE]
Rep. Howard Coble [R-NC6]
Rep. Peter DeFazio [D-OR4]
Rep. Norman (Norm) Dicks [D-WA6]
Rep. John Dingell [D-MI15]
Rep. Barney Frank [D-MA4]
Rep. John Lewis [D-GA5]
Rep. Nita Lowey [D-NY18]
Rep. James Oberstar [D-MN8]
Rep. Solomon Ortiz [D-TX27]
Rep. Frank Pallone, Jr. [D-NJ6]
Rep. Nancy Pelosi [D-CA8]
Rep. David Price [D-NC4]
Rep. Donald (Don) Young [R-AK]

Congress members that voted for it who's name I recognize for being in the news:
Rep. Henry Waxman [D-CA30]
Rep. Barney Frank [D-MA4]
Rep. Edward (Ed) Markey [D-MA7]
Rep. Charles Rangel [D-NY15]

It was a fairly partisan vote:
D For: 190
D Against: 57
R For: 39
R Against: 134
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bighat
Truth as I see it
03:20 PM on 06/01/2010
Thank you for the trouble you went to
11:13 PM on 05/31/2010
Whether directly or indirectly, customers (in this case for gasoline and other petroleum products) will always pay. If we kill BP (and I admit, it might not be a bad idea for British Petroleum to disappear given it horrible safety record) then there is less competition, less production to fulfill demand and demand must be reduced by higher prices. Let the whining begin.
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Intolerantcentrist
No thanks…I brought my own air.
10:48 PM on 05/31/2010
Excellent points Judge Sarokin. Tort reform hinged on the premise that frivolous or numerous law suits were detrimental to business, and thereby the citizenry of the country which depends on business. Yet, limitations of liability verses reducing the role and responsibility of government is an ideological conundrum for the political party that subscribes to both.

What would be curious to understand is the total amount of monetary awards that would have be eliminated or reduced in a tort reform scheme in a given period, compared against the total damages of this disaster.