iPhone app iPad app Android phone app Android tablet app More

Featuring fresh takes and real-time analysis from HuffPost's signature lineup of contributors
Judith Wallerstein

GET UPDATES FROM Judith Wallerstein
 

What Children Of Divorce Do And Don't Learn

Posted: 12/ 7/2011 11:12 am

Children of divorce soon learn to get along. As they go from Mom's house to Dad's house and as they meet their parent's new lovers and acquire stepparents and new half siblings, they find that each family is like another country and getting along in both places is the child's job. They discover that each family has different rules and expectations at table, at bedtime, in manners, in what children are encouraged or forbidden to do or say. Always there are invisible requirements that are only spoken if the child trespasses. Children of divorce, as Elizabeth Marquardt wrote when reminiscing about her own childhood, are called upon to become little chameleons.

The challenges are formidable, especially because second marriages fail more frequently than first marriages, and the rules keep changing. The visiting child may or may not find his father available to him when he arrives. The joint custody youngster may be responsible for moving her younger siblings back and forth because her mother works very late regularly or is exhausted at the end of the day or is out with a new lover. In some homes the stepmother welcomes the young child. In others the stepmother is a fanatic about neatness and cannot stand the child's play. Half siblings differ. In one home the stepmother's daughter greets the child warmly. In another the child is met with a hostile stare "This is my home. "Don't you dare touch my stuff."

Yet many children of divorce learn to get along, to meet changing conditions, to acquire socially adaptive skills that stand them in very good stead when they grow up -- skills of tact and diplomacy that work well in the business world, in law offices, and in marketing. As one young man told me, "Some call this resilience." Others regard this as learned behavior. No matter its roots, children of divorce have social skills of which they are justly proud.

But what children of divorce don't observe and have no chance to learn is how to create a long term loving relationship, how to resolve family conflict, how to build trust, when to compromise, when to stand firm, and as they grow, how to choose a lover and how to commit to another with realistic hope that it can last. They tell me wistfully, "I have never seen a man and a woman on the same beam" or "It's not sex that scares me. Its getting close" or "Sometimes I feel like I was raised on a desert island. Combining sex with love is a mystery to me."

The world of men and woman who love and respect each other is an impossible dream for many. Yet, this is what they long for and have to learn. Many succeed. Many fail. Parents can hinder their development by holding onto past grievances or help with loving encouragement.

But for the child of divorce, the road to emotional adulthood can be an obstacle course.

For fuller discussion of the how to help children of divorce move into adulthood see Judith Wallerstein and Sandra Blakeslee's What about the Kids? Raising Your Children Before, During and After Divorce (Hyperion, 2003) and Judith Wallerstein, Julia M. Lewis, and Sandra Blakeslee's The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: The 25 Year Landmark Study (Hyperion, 2000).

 
FOLLOW DIVORCE
Children of divorce soon learn to get along. As they go from Mom's house to Dad's house and as they meet their parent's new lovers and acquire stepparents and new half siblings, they find that each fa...
Children of divorce soon learn to get along. As they go from Mom's house to Dad's house and as they meet their parent's new lovers and acquire stepparents and new half siblings, they find that each fa...
 
 
  • Comments
  • 155
  • Pending Comments
  • 0
  • View FAQ
Comments are closed for this entry
View All
Favorites
Bloggers
Recency  | 
Popularity
Page: 1 2 3 4  Next ›  Last »  (4 total)
12:19 PM on 12/26/2011
As adults, whether married or divorced, there is no shortage of ways we mess up our children, sadly. Singling out divorce is misguided, and feeds into outdated ideas of the nuclear family being ideal. The nuclear family is not, and never was, the perfect fortress it was made out to be. Peel away the veneer and you will see abuse, depression, infidelity, bitterness, cruelty...What lessons are those children failing to learn? No one is served by the type of idealizing you engage in.

You are neglecting the many divorced couples who renegotiate their relationship with each other and actually have a harmonious co-parenting relationship for many years. The children certainly learn how to resolve conflicts and fashion functional, happy, long-term relationships. People don't hear about them because they quietly (and happily) go about their lives.

I have no idea whatsoever about how to keep a marriage together. My parents are approaching their 50 year wedding anniversary. 50 years of mutual misery and stagnation. Had they had the balls to divorce, I'm sure I would have learned a lot more.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Allena Tapia
Will write for food
10:39 PM on 12/10/2011
unfortunately, as a child of 2 divorces, I had (and still have to a degree) no faith that I know how to keep a marriage together. and I've been married about 10 years now and am very happy...despite that I'm constantly wondering what the "secret" is, if it's possible, etc. If my mother couldn't do it, why should I be able to?
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Skiwee
Just taking my time...
05:42 PM on 12/09/2011
My 26 yr old daughter is a child of divorce, which occurred when she was 3. She does have great social skills, but I definitely believe she missed out on seeing how a good relationship works and how to better interact and solve problems within the framework of a loving relationship.

My siblings and I were fortunate to have been raised by both parents who were happily married till their deaths. Yes, I know, it sounds contradictory based on my first paragraph, but my husband and I were not suited, got married way too fast after meeting and at too young an age.
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Robyn Cohen
Founder/CEO, Girlsonit.com
05:35 PM on 12/09/2011
For me this statement says everything, "But what children of divorce don't observe and have no chance to learn is how to create a long term loving relationship, how to resolve family conflict, how to build trust, when to compromise, when to stand firm, and as they grow, how to choose a lover and how to commit to another with realistic hope that it can last." And I'm not saying that children from a marriage of 40-50 yrs may never have problems, but this is a very important point to make.

I happen to be an adult where my parent's had an incredibly volatile and not a loving relationship at all. For the last decade or so before my Mom passed away, they slept in different rooms. Rather than that impacting me in a negative way, I learned from my own experiences, talking with friends' parents, watching movies, reading novels, and coming to my own conclusions what a loving relationship ought to be like. I've been happily married for 10 years and I have a great relationship with my husband. He comes from a family where his parents have been together for 40+ years, so I think that helps.

Love, marriage, divorce, it's all incredibly tough and a lot of hard work. I do believe a child can separate themselves from how they grew up and make sure that their outlook on life is positive and learn how to deal with relationships in a flexible and loving way.
05:33 PM on 12/09/2011
In the 11 years that he's been on this earth, our son has indeed learned "how to create a long term loving relationship, how to resolve family conflict, how to build trust, when to compromise, when to stand firm...how to choose a lover and how to commit to another with realistic hope that it can last." My husband and I modeled all of those things over the course of our marriage, like everyone, to varying degrees of success, but most often very well. And now we are modeling for him how to peacefully and with great respect for each other move on in our lives without each other as marital partners.
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
D. A. Wolf
Founder, Daily Plate of Crazy
08:31 AM on 12/09/2011
I believe many of us marry too unconsciously and too quickly (in a culture that offers its stamp of approval based on marital status). I also believe we divorce too easily, especially when children are involved (in a culture that now considers this all too "normal"). It's been 10 years since my own split, and while I consider both my (college-age) sons to be resilient and grounded, I have no way of knowing whether or not they would have been had their father and I not divorced.

While our lives would have been far more stable (I believe) and in many ways simpler without divorce as a factor, I tend to agree with both Pauline and Sophia that generalizing about our kids' social skills (and emotional scars) is just that - a generalization. The individual temperament of each child matters. The age at which divorce occurs matters. The existence (or lack thereof) of other family to provide a "sense" of family matters. The financial devastation that may result from divorce (or not) matters. Other role models matter. The custody battles or skirmishes matter. The mature handling of divorce and subsequent attentiveness to kids (or not) matters. Who the children live with and the values they are taught matter. And so on.

While I may find logic in your generalizations, there are too many variables at play to draw individual conclusions from them. And aren't we always talking about individuals?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Zalkreb
01:11 PM on 12/09/2011
There are, indeed, variables. However, they don't vary much in a number of respects. Eighty-eight percent of child support recipients are female -- not a lot of variables there, apparently. More than 80 percent of primary custodians are women -- what kind of individual considerations went into that situation? In excess of 90 percent of alimony payers are men -- where's the variation?

The other variables aren't as mysterious as you seem to think. Reams of research indicates significantly elevated risks for children of an array of profound and lasting ills through the medium of divorce. Not every kid is affected equally, identically or, conceivably, at all. But in general the negative effects are there. Should we ignore these well-established generally negative effects because sometimes, in some cases, the effects are not quite as bad?

That viewpoint makes little sense, to me. We don't follow any such logic in most other areas of social concern. For instance, most drunken drivers won't ever kill anybody. But we don't forgive them if they drink and drive. Furthermore, since your analysis comes from a member of the group that receives the above-mentioned benefits from the current system, it can justifiably be regarded as a self-serving attempt to maintain the status quo.

The status quo regarding divorce significantly and lastingly harms men and children while benefiting the women who primarily drive divorce in the pursuit of emotional fulfillment. It's indefensible.
10:12 AM on 12/12/2011
I agree with you wholeheartedly Zalkreb. When my husband divorced to raise his children (after 20+ years working for the state) he didnt "try" to obtain child support, although he surely was entitled to it. He felt that if pressed "she" would go to court and fight for the money that would come along with the "primary custodian" label if you will. Only after he met me did he even realize it was never his job to have to drive to her location to drop the children off and then return to pick them up after visitations. I personally feel that any woman who has children married or divorced needs to be able to drive and work to help financially support her children. The state can find work for people. If you can't do this without spousal support man you have no right bearing children to begin with. I make 100,000 a year, I'd never take a dime from my ex because it would cost me thousands to even chase the few dollars I'd be entitled to receive. Healthcare is also concern. I supply it for all our children and it is so important when raising kids but so often forgotten. I feel for the betterment of our society our children and our economics that upon divorce and children being placed with the Mother or Father , ultimately lawyers shouldn't be able to fight and win based on attorney fees to support the ex wife.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
divorcedpauline
12:12 AM on 12/09/2011
Children of in tact families can grow up with same deficits as the ones you attribute solely to children of divorce. I am not an adult child of divorce. My parents were married for over 40 years, until my mom died. They cared about each other and were loyal to each other, but were very disconnected emotionally to the point where they had rather separate lives. Also, my mother was controlling and my dad passive, so I never learned about compromise; I just learned that one person gets their way and one person gives in. While I don't blame my parents' marriage for my divorce, I didn't get the modeling you seem to think a child can only get in an in tact marriage.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Zalkreb
01:43 AM on 12/09/2011
It's true that children can have certain problems or not have certain problems whether or not their parents divorced. However, we are talking here about what usually happens. You can fail to survive an automobile accident because the car went in the lake and your seat belt jammed. But usually the seat belt keeps you safer in an accident, so you wear your seat belt. In the same way, we know that divorce is usually harmful to children. The fact that in some cases it doesn't seem to be harmful does not change the fact that it is usually harmful.
11:46 AM on 12/09/2011
Zalkreb, I have to say in my case had my husband stayed with his ex wife that would have been extremely harmful to the children. She had no desire to work, to drive, to cook, to clean , to run errands you get the picture, no accountability. She fought, yelled, screamed to get her way and to get what she wanted. She chose not to even show feelings toward her kids. She had drug and alcohol problems. When divorced she wanted money but not the kids. Then the kids to get the money. Then had another child out of wedlock to get a place to stay, when that man got tired of her, she found another, always citing the bad ex men who still loved her that she left to try to get herself into another relationship with a roof over her head and pay her bills. She claims Mom of the year and she cites all the bad things about the prior men. No one even questions this woman for her lack of work ethic, her ability to care or provide for her children, her lack of empathy or love, and her expectation for the men to do everything for her. She is an abuser of people first, men second, and a disgrace to the American woman as we know it. So, divorce in this case was necessary for my husbands childrens upbringing.
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
divorcedpauline
12:56 PM on 12/09/2011
I think what's harmful is the narrative that divorce screws you up for life. No kid needs to grow up absorbing that. Many of us have obstacles to overcome from our childhood, but to tell kids their ruined does absolutely no good. This is the same message adopted kids get. I know because I was one.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
10:28 PM on 12/08/2011
Another factor is when the parents remarry and the new spouse decides to create conflict between the kids by making the other parent the bad person. This is extremely destructive and divise for the kids who need to maintain a relationship despite the divorce. Kids learn to divide and conquer when they know their parents are at odds with one another and this is damaging for the kids also.
photo
SophiavanBuren
Author of ILLUMINATION
10:11 PM on 12/08/2011
It's been almost 10 years now, and I've seen the results of how my 3 kids have turned out despite the tragedy of divorce. At 17, 13 and 11, they are turning into great young people. I made a point not to use them as rope in a tug of war. Even though I've been really careful in the choices I've made, I still worry. I've wonder how my choices may scar them long term.

One of my friends knows my 17 year old daughter very well after she acted as a nanny for his kids in Europe last summer. He was extremely impressed with my daughters positive attitude, and the balanced, intelligent way she conducted herself. He reminded me of how "together" my Claire is, and what an unusually resilient person she's evolved into as a young woman.

"Sophia, think of a pearl," he explained. "It becomes polished, unique and rare because of all the irritation that it endures. That irritation is exactly what creates it. I really think that environment is a big reason why Claire is so mature. She hasn't had it easy, but it's made her into a strong person."

Chances are, my daughter would be the same had I remained married. I'll never know for sure.

But my Claire is now as strong, well-rounded, and beautiful as a gleaming pearl.

Perhaps not in spite of how things in our life have gone, but because of it.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
10:00 PM on 12/08/2011
Children have a much better chance of developing healthy relationships if the parents respect one another and if they are careful not to ever degrade one another. I have found this to be very rare because if this behavior toward one another existed during the marriage, they wouldn't be divorced. Kids suffer in so many ways from divorce, my own kids are in their 30's and one of my kids still holds alot of anger & resentment. I thought after becoming a wife & mother she would have a greater understanding but unfortunately the estrangement continues.My sons have come to accept that their father and I just could not remain together. It has impaired their ability to have a lasting relationship sadly.
12:14 AM on 12/09/2011
Yes, respect is very important. It is possible to respect your spouse, or at least treat them respectfully/civilly, even when you are divorced. That is the minimum standard divorced parents should maintain, I think - treat each other with respect and not speak ill of the other parent to the kids. Being respectful is a choice. I can understand people no longer loving or liking each other, those seem to be happen when people no longer make their marriage a priority, but being respectful is always possible. You don't have to feel respect to act respectful.
photo
HUFFPOST BLOGGER
D. A. Wolf
Founder, Daily Plate of Crazy
08:39 AM on 12/09/2011
I think this is a very important point @jalicea2001. Respect is an issue not only in the case of divorcing parents (and the years that follow), but during marriage as well.

We need to remember not to denigrate each other in front of children - to treat the other parent with respect, and acknowledge their right to their views. I've seen children come out of so-called "intact" homes in which one may be significantly alienated from a parent, because of the other parent's constant negative chatter or actions. It's parental alienation, but taking place during marriage.
06:53 PM on 12/08/2011
donald trumph and change

I saw donald trump on cnn last night and i do see some attempts to deal with the situation and debacle plagueing not only the u.s. but north america a s a whole. Many people have just given up looking for work and there is some sense that this unemployment level is structural..given the way according to trump that the u.s. has been shut out of so many large markets worldwide its not likely to improve. He does indicate that if he does not have a candidate whom he can support in the coming election he will declare himself a candidate and bring his case for change to the american people. So much of what transpires as american policy trump argues should be related to trade policy and he has costed much out where the u.s. are big losers ie the recent libya case...there is much more but dont be surprised that this populist comes april bringh his message to the heart of america...his candidacy will benefit canada as well and bring benefits here as well where he is well respected.

us/canada agreement...

The recent canada u.s. border agreement which brings many u.s. forces directly to examine the
infrastructure of a lawless canada...i believe the only reason the canadian prime minister signed such an agreement thinks he believes obama will win and bring the oil pipeline across america...
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
katieandtom
04:54 PM on 12/08/2011
so sad, yet so true. i have listened to my 11 yr old daughter - she approaches me completely differently from how she approaches her father - trying to walk the divide between all of us now. very sad. i just try to love her and help her feel secure. i tell her everyday that her daddy loves her even when he doesnt pick up the phone because he's with the girlfriend - or when she wants something that we now cannot afford - none of this is her fault - sometimes adults really screw things up - but, it is my job to try to make her feel like everythings gonna be ok.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Vicki Larson
Journalist, mother, thinker
03:39 PM on 12/08/2011
"But what children of divorce don't observe and have no chance to learn is how to create a long term loving relationship, how to resolve family conflict, how to build trust, when to compromise, when to stand firm, and as they grow, how to choose a lover and how to commit to another with realistic hope that it can last."

That is not necessarily the experience of every child of divorce. Learning how to resolve conflict comes from dealing with siblings and friends and classmates, too. Building trust is learned with one's mother and or father and friendships, not just from "observing." Children can experience long-term loving relationships with other family members and often from new committed relationships their mother and or father have. Commitment is learned in many ways, in school, with friends, to one's parents.

Many of us lived with parents who should have gotten divorced, because their unhappiness and anger were destructive, and taught us ways how NO to marry. Is this better?

Again, if the divorced parents put their kids first, treat each other with respect and kindness, and are positive models for change, I can't see how that is as damaging as so many want to paint divorce. I don't encourage divorce, but if it is what must occur it is not the end of the world.
05:45 PM on 12/08/2011
People learn from other relationships too, but their relationship with their primary caregiver is most influential in forming their attitudes and beliefs about themselves and about the world. I don't think a bad relationship with their parents, or between their parents, can be compensated by, say, having good friendships with classmates at school, especially when the kid is small.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Vicki Larson
Journalist, mother, thinker
11:33 PM on 12/08/2011
@AHuffPostReader — But we are not talking about "good friendship­s with classmates at school" and "a bad relationsh­ip with their parents" (which happens in married couples, too). What we must acknowledge is that if two co-parenting parents are modeling "good relationship behavior," and the child has a healthy peer group (and peers take precedence over parents at some point), then it isn't as dire as some want to say it is.

What if a parent dies and the remaining parent decides not to marry again but raise the child by him/herself. Do we have the same judgment against a widow/widower as someone who's divorced? Probably not.
10:18 PM on 12/10/2011
"Many of us lived with parents who should have gotten divorced, because their unhappines­s and anger were destructiv­e, and taught us ways how NO to marry. Is this better?"

Should they have gotten divorced? Or should they have grown up and made the efforts needed to stay together? When one or both wont get it together, divorce happens but the optimal would be for both parents to model keeping their commitments and figuring out how to get along. It takes maturity and discipline from both partners.
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
12:45 PM on 12/08/2011
"Children of divorce soon learn to get along. As they go from Mom's house to Dad's house and..."

In fact all children learn to get along. In addition to mother and father; children are exposed to teachers, coaches, relatives, playmates, etc. I'm skeptical that divorce conveys some special skills. While children of divorce tend to have more emotional problems than married families, there is a nearly 9 in 10 overlap in outcomes.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Zalkreb
10:44 AM on 12/08/2011
Well said. Heartfelt, apparently, and observed from multiple perspectives. It's worth pointing out that women are responsible for initiating the vast majority the million-plus divorces that occur annually. This massive gender imbalance is well-established and is consistent whether you look who files the paperwork or what divorced couples tell researchers after the fact: Women initiate nearly three times as many divorces as men. The phenomenon is essentially female.

As this essay points out, and as many scholarly studies have supported, divorce harms children in profound and lasting ways. It similarly harms men although generally not, except for financial hardship which seems unavoidable when the resources that supported one household are spread between two, women.

A fascinating question is: Why? Why do women so enthusiastically seek divorce when they surely must know it will be significantly detrimental to their children and former partners?

The answer may be that they place their emotional desires on a much higher platform than one might suspect. The most commonly cited reasons for divorce are things like feeling unloved, feeling unappreciated, lacking communication and lacking a feeling of closeness. Do these justify inflicting on innocent children the kind of harm this essay portrays?

In the minds of hundreds of thousands of American mothers each year, they do. And you will look far and wide to find a single woman who feels divorces based on these concerns are not justified. To me, that seems very, very strange. I'm not sure what to make of it.
01:13 PM on 12/08/2011
all I can say in response to you is "wow"...
11:42 PM on 12/08/2011
Agreed, Wow -- It is outstanding when truths are exposed.

Anyone awake and alive with brain activity in today's society knows full well that divorce is harmful to children.

A divorce-initiating mother knows exactly what she is doing to her children.

In too-many divorces the act of initiating a divorce says "I don't care what happens to my children -- this divorce is about me and what I want. And I want what I want and what [gender-biased, bad] divorce laws can get me."
02:49 PM on 12/08/2011
What your doing needs to be commended. My situation, my husband has the children full time and she gets to see them weekends. Her mission in life is to make everyone around her miserable. It is someone elses fault, we should taxi them to and fro since she can't drive (which means she wont take a test and/or pay for a car or insurance, but rely on others, even at the last minute. Now, in trying to get another man to support her, she uses my stepdaughter as an example of her prowess as a Mother, knowing full well I have raised her. And the cycle of the manipulative woman begins again. I am a woman saying this too! Kudos to you for being a goood Mother and an even better mentor!