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Karl Giberson, Ph.D

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Rebuilding the Evangelical Mind Requires Courage

Posted: 03/03/2012 8:00 am

This spring semester, California's Biola University, among the nation's largest evangelical institutions, opens the doors of its ambitious new Center for Christian Thought. Resembling institutions such as Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study, Biola's center seeks to bring a mix of senior and postdoctoral fellows to campus to collaborate with internal fellows and faculty.

The center is unusual in operating from a distinctly Christian vantage point. The mission statement is forthright: "The Center offers scholars from a variety of Christian perspectives a unique opportunity to work collaboratively on a selected theme. ... Ultimately, the collaborative work will result in scholarly and popular-level materials, providing the broader culture with thoughtful Christian perspectives on current events, ethical concerns, and social trends."

Biola's center is the latest chapter in a comeback of the "evangelical mind." While serious scholarship by self-professed evangelical Christians did not disappear entirely in the 20th century, it went into eclipse in the postwar period. These decades, especially 1960-1980, saw the high-water mark for Western secularism when, contrary to subsequent evidence of religion's persistence, Time Magazine in 1966 asked on its cover "Is God Dead?" Social scientists in The New York Times confidently predicted in 1968 that "by the 21st century religious believers are likely to be small sects, huddled together to resist a worldwide secular culture."

But of course a funny thing has happened on the way to the 21st century: God and religion came back.

The eclipse of Christian thought in the 20th century can be partially attributed to evangelicals themselves, insofar as many individuals and institutions clung to some of the more problematic tenets of "Fundamentalism" (originally a term of honor), which had defined itself against "Modernism" in American Protestantism's epic conflict that played out in the early 20th century, culminating in the Scopes "monkey" trial in 1925.

Stung by ridicule after the Scopes trial, fundamentalists retreated to the sidelines of American culture. There they nurtured a parallel universe of publishing houses, magazines, journals, radio stations, and, not least, colleges and universities to combat the threat of secularism from without and the threat of theological modernism from within. Randall Stephens and I describe this parallel culture in our recently published "The Anointed: Evangelical Truth in a Secular Age."

Fundamentalists carried into exile many core tenets of Christian orthodoxy -- the Trinity, the Incarnation, the Atonement -- shared by Catholic and Orthodox Christians as well. But they also carried dubious novelties, such as newfangled teachings on biblical inerrancy and speculations about the End Times. What is more, they became pointedly hostile toward American culture and disengaged from serious intellectual pursuits, convinced that Christianity was almost exclusively about "the world to come," with only negligible concern for the here-and-now.

All of this has begun to change in the past quarter century: evangelical Christians have been shedding their "fundamentalist baggage" and reclaiming a place within deeper traditions of Christian learning and at the table of American cultural life. Signs abound of this recent shift, clearly in evidence by the mid-1990s. In 1994 Mark Noll (formerly of Wheaton College in Illinois, now holding an endowed chair at Notre Dame) published "The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind," calling evangelicals to repent of past anti-intellectualism and honor the Creator of their minds with first-order inquiry and creative expression. The book became a manifesto of sorts for younger evangelicals attracted to the life of the mind. Nineteen ninety-four also witnessed the publication of George Marsden's "The Soul of the American University: From Protestant Establishment to Established Nonbelief," analyzing the secularization of mainline Protestant universities and offering a blueprint for revitalized "Christian scholarship."

In 1995 the journal Books & Culture was launched; it has become a leading organ of evangelical thought. Significant funding initiatives of the Pew Charitable Trusts and the Lilly Endowment -- such as the Lilly Fellows Program at Valparaiso University -- also empowered a new generation of engaged Christian scholars, including evangelicals. These developments together with the influence of scholars like Wolterstorff and Plantinga, and the emergence of evangelical Christians into key places of academic leadership -- such as the presidencies of Nathan Hatch at Wake Forest and Ken Starr at Baylor -- put a new face on evangelicalism. As such, it bears little resemblance to your grandmother's backwoods open-tent revival anymore, but represents, to quote the title of a much-regarded book by D. Michael Lindsay, president of Gordon College, "Faith in the Halls of Power: How Evangelicals Joined the American Elite."

These emerging evangelicals, eager to recover the more intellectual strains of the Christian tradition, struggle against the political power of fundamentalists within their ranks. Topics like evolution, for example, remain divisive and politically volatile, despite the work of evangelical intellectuals like Alvin Plantinga and Francis Collins. And Biola, unfortunately, is on the wrong side of this divide, with a mission statement repudiating evolution -- a position shared by a minority of other evangelical colleges and universities.

In the current climate of evangelical higher education, the virtue of courage grows ever more important. Leaders must find ways to educate their colleges' constituents rather than being obsessed with simply avoiding conflict and, in extreme cases, driving away the more intellectual leaders of their communities. They must balance concern about donor pocketbooks and faithfulness to an institution's particular heritage with a still a deeper faithfulness to the Christian faith itself and its profounder intellectual traditions. In pursuing reforms, they must convince critics that they are not dishonoring a school's legacy, but pruning it of spurious accretions for more durable growth in the future.

As is the case with most worthwhile pursuits, the opportunities to err abound, while the path to success is fraught with difficulties. But Christians, of all people, should be accustomed to seeking the narrow way.

This essay is adapted from a longer version co-authored with Thomas Albert Howard, the Stephen Phillips Chair of History at Gordon College, in Massachusetts, and author of 'God and the Atlantic: America, Europe, and the Religious Divide' (Oxford, 2011).

 
 
 

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04:57 PM on 03/05/2012
Do you want to know how a true "evangelistic" Christian is born?

Absence of fear
of retribution
and death..
either by someone protecting you while you
TELL IT ALL...
or someone forcing you
and letting you live in absolute fear
every
moment of your life..
because you have no choice but to tell it all...

or a
combination of the two.
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mrld20
09:43 AM on 03/05/2012
Curious Karl... Are we talking Global Warming doesn't exist and the Earth is only 4,000 years type science Evangelicals?

Or are we talking about Christians who support science as a way of understanding God's world and creation and that secular theories need not be anti-religion?
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JM817
06:21 PM on 03/04/2012
To be truthful, I do not fully understand the difference between fundamental and evangelical. I am quite concerned by the attempts that seem to be going on within some religious colleges to create some sort of "bliblical" construct for capitalism and the unbelievably, selfish beliefs of Ayn Rand. An amazing number of people I know, who are fundamentalist or evangelical--not sure which--sound very much like Ayn Rand as they dismiss all government help and support for the poor.
01:31 PM on 03/04/2012
I find the quest for intellectualism within the context of conservative evangelical Christianity a mostly trivial pursuit. If one embraces an orthodoxy in such a way that any possibilities outside the comfortable confines of one’s strictly interpreted faith cannot exist, I fail to see how one’s mind can be exercised.

And the fact that conservative evangelical Christians have become more involved in culture and politics — simply taking their stiff dogma and seeking to impose it on others — is not a sign of an evolving intellectualism. It’s actually comprehensively anti-intellectual to not just say one has all the answers but to say one has the answers for everyone else as well.
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Cindbird
Using my head for something other than a hat rack.
01:10 AM on 03/05/2012
You're right. They want to make sure everyone believes exactly what they do. F&F
max bmw
My micro-bio is empty!
01:20 PM on 03/04/2012
In other news, they are working on rebuilding their Quidditch team to challenge inter-leauge rival Hogwart's.
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VA Jill
I'm not perfect and neither are you
12:14 PM on 03/04/2012
Where is this happening? Not where I live, certainly. The Christians that live their faith here are mostly Mennonites of all stripes and Brethren, plus the Quakers (small in number) and a few mainliners. The evangelicals reside and act in splendid isolation.
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nogods
11:53 AM on 03/04/2012
Rebuilding the Evangelical Mind Requires Ignorance.
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Konnie
GOP = GOLDEN CALF OLD PARTY
11:47 AM on 03/04/2012
when they come back into the secular world dressed in their newest finery, will they have an open mind? will they accept the fact that faith is personal. that it is possible to be "good" without "God".
that there is a line between what they believe and what i believe and both just as valid, and do not
belong in the public square. will they return to the old days when living a christian life was enough. doesn't anyone remember that's how christianty spread in the first place? being a humble example.
11:08 AM on 03/04/2012
"When I came to you, I did not come with eloquence or human wisdom as I proclaimed to you the testimony about God. For I resolved to know nothing while I was with you except Jesus Christ and him crucified. I came to you in weakness with great fear and trembling. My message and my preaching were not with wise and persuasive words, but with a demonstration of the Spirit’s power, so that your faith might not rest on human wisdom, but on God’s power.

We do, however, speak a message of wisdom among the mature, but not the wisdom of this age or of the rulers of this age, who are coming to nothing. No, we declare God’s wisdom, a mystery that has been hidden and that God destined for our glory before time began. None of the rulers of this age understood it, for if they had, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory. However, as it is written:
“What no eye has seen,
what no ear has heard,
and what no human mind has conceived”
the things God has prepared for those who love him

these are the things God has revealed to us by his Spirit." 1 Cor 2: 1-10
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methodman
10:04 AM on 03/04/2012
The reason Christianity is a dying religion is because The clergy of all varieties have failed to yield static models that attempt to make sense of facts and then use Bible characters to examine constituting facts. Without that dynamic models are not available because they consist of combinations of static poses. You have no desire to do this. Everything else also is non existent. The only reason people should attend church is that they will fail to be served by a church unless they sit through their ministry.. I freed my self from the curse of my religious upbringing so I don't feel tremendous guilt because I fought to become literate. I deeply an uninterested but I know why no one wants to be a part of your calling. I also dispute the idea that most Americans want to be anti-intellectual. That is true about your movement That is why I refuse to go.
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09:56 AM on 03/04/2012
Want to rebuild any religious mind?
Stop pretending magic is real.
09:37 AM on 03/04/2012
We at Ratio Christi glad that Gilberson acknowledges the contribution Biola is making toward Christian thought. However, it seems like he is just using this piece as another way of saying,...it’s too bad they remain anti-intellectual as witnessed by the fact that they take a stand against Darwinian evolution.

This seems pretty typical of evolutionist...to say we are right--end of discussion.

Ratio Christi stands with Biola on this issue, and offers this from our website.

We specifically deny “theistic evolution,” yet realize that this is a position that must be vigorously debated in order to show the weaknesses in both the scientific and theological evidence for macro-evolution.

Unfortunately, according to Gilberson, the debate is over—he and Biologos have all the information they need.

Rick Schenker, President
Ratio Christi (ratiochristi.org)
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Cindbird
Using my head for something other than a hat rack.
01:16 AM on 03/05/2012
The problem is that you deny all scientific evidence that proves the evolutionary model. You refute science with bible verses which prove nothing. What do you fear about evolution? The Bible says a thousand years is as a day to God. Why do you insist that God use human timekeeping?
09:01 AM on 03/05/2012
Who is denying all scientific evidence? Perhaps it is the evolutions that are on the run and completely deny any science that show Darwin's was wrong. If you are not afraid of the evidence, this is a suggested reading list:
-The Design of Life by Dembski
-The Cell's Design by Rana
-Genetic Entropy & The Mystery of the Genome by Sanford
-Signature in the Cell: DNA and the Evidence for Intelligent Design by Meyer
12:14 PM on 03/05/2012
I am a scientist and a Christian who is not threatened by evolution. I do not deny evolution based on my faith but based on the evidence that macro-evolution (meaning dead chemicals can become an elephant through chance directed mechanisms) is a scientific impossibility.

I have looked at the scientific evidence from a multidisciplinary view. There are many scientific lines of reasoning which lead to the conclusion that macro-evolution is not supported by the scientific evidence, such as thermodynamics, information theory, communication theory, empirical data, mutation rates, and others. For example, there are communication codes embedded within the genetic communication code which, in my opinion, has no precedent for occurring through random chance mechanisms.

I would actually lay your charge in the other direction: macro-evolution is the creation story of the religion of atheism and it is atheistic dogmatism that is stalling the advancement of science by refusing to acknowledge the holes in the macro-evolutionary theory.
08:15 AM on 03/04/2012
Creationist crisis for Christianity = Opportunity for Buddhism: http://seanrobsville.blogspot.com/2012/01/creationism-crisis-for-christianity.html
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Cindbird
Using my head for something other than a hat rack.
01:26 AM on 03/05/2012
Decent article. The only problem that I saw is that it does not mention the idea of Dependent Origination that underlies the acceptance of scientific theories.
02:32 AM on 03/04/2012
Are guys like Brian McLaren and Rob Bell really any more intellectual and scholarly than guys like John MacArthur or John Piper?
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Allen Jenkins
Virtual Ferroequinologist
01:37 AM on 03/04/2012
Your attempt to sit back and causally avoid asking a person "If you died today, would your soul go to be with Jesus?"

You cannot overcome the joy shared with one that has accepted Christ by the leading of the Holy Spirit to their lives...

Get back to Soul Winning!