TOMS Shoes Controversy: A Call to Move From Discussion to Action

This week, the social enterprise TOMS Shoes asked customers to participate in an awareness-raising exercise called "A Day Without Shoes" in which participants would sacrifice wearing shoes for one day, "so kids don't have to."

TOMS' model of social entrepreneurship is a "one-for-one" approach: for every pair of shoes you buy from TOMS, they provide one free pair to a child who has no shoes, somewhere in the world.

Sounds pretty decent, right?

However in response to the "A Day Without Shoes" campaign, a cadre of critical thinkers last year circulated a set of counter-points in a video titled, "A Day Without Dignity." Echoing many of the concerned sentiments that came to the surface in "Kony 2012" debates, TOMS-haters point out that TOMS' marketing pitch dehumanizes poor people and sets priorities for them, rather than letting them set their own. Plus, they explain, giving away shoes for free distorts local shoe markets, thereby eliminating local profits, creating more poverty, and thus creating more need for hand-outs.

As one of many 'aid debates' (many of which are discussed deeply by "Day without Dignity" creator "Good Intentions are not Enough") the controversy over the TOMS model is one that deserves our attention and discussion.

Should we demonize TOMS for representing the kind of "bad aid" that hurts instead of helps poor communities, by 'giving a fish' rather than 'teaching to fish'?

Or should we decry the hardened cynics for not missing the forest for the trees?  After all, TOMS has a  well-developed plan to get specific size orders for every child in a community they plan to help, and follows those children with shoe donations through their childhood. (Not to mention my favorite NGO of all time, Partners in Health, partners with TOMS).

My answer? Neither!

Not to say that TOMS doesn't deserve the critique -- they do, and they should amend their operations to invest in local shoe markets as well, to be more holistic and helpful with their good intentions.  But we should keep in mind the purpose of the heated debates (which are made more accessible by technology and social media) are not just about discussing, but doing.

To simply say, "TOMS sucks" and dismiss their work would be a major disservice, because in reality there is immense value to be tapped from the system TOMS has created, of supporting trusted community partners like PIH. It may not be a perfect system, but with helpful (not entirely cynical-dismissive) feedback, their system can be improved.

At the same time, to blindly follow a celebrity-studded campaign telling you, "Kids need shoes, so go barefoot to empathize!" is also an unhelpful oversimplification resulting in nothing more than blisters and maybe a skin infection. The act of 'buy one to give one' is indeed a fantastic way of getting people superficially 'involved' in service work without them even realizing it, but this kind of aloof giving model (1) dangerously perpetuates components of the 'white savior industrial complex', turning the characters into heroes/victims rather than fellow people; and (2) dumbs down complex problems thereby dismissing the true need to think critically about solutions to global health, education, and economic dilemmas.

Discussion is crucial, yet it's a first step.  The second is doing.  If you've blindly adored TOMS to date, take a deeper look at the potential issues in their model and educate yourself about proper design of service initiatives. Or, if you don't like what TOMS is doing, show the world what you're doing better, and ask TOMS to match your effort. Or better yet -- partner with you.

Days without shoes and days without dignity both sound terrible to me. But the days equally worst, in my opinion, are the days full of action, having not properly discussed the implications, and days full of discussion, but without any 'doing.'

(Hope to see ideas in the comments section giving deeper insight on either side to this debate, including other social enterprise models that may be of interest to readers!  Thanks!)

 

Follow Kate Otto on Twitter: www.twitter.com/kateotto

Comments

[trimag]

08:41 AM on 04/18/2012

providing people with shoes so they can go to school/work to better educate/support themselves should not be disputed. Shoes are wanted and needed by the people TOMs is serving. To say it is demoralizing the poor is shortsighted. If shoes will keep me from contracting diseases and allow me to go to school then I would be ever so humbly grateful to receive a pair. This wasn't an idea that came from a corporation that never stepped out of their corporate HQ, decided they needed to do good but were misdirected in their efforts. This is an idea that came from being close with those who were in poverty, seeing a need first hand and developing a solution. People should however, do the research and support organizations that they truly believe in rather than blinding jumping on a band wagon so they can be trendy.

[Kate Otto]

12:08 PM on 05/02/2012

Hi Trimag - thank you for sharing your perspective! Absolutely there's nothing to dispute about how valuable it is to provide shoes for people without shoes, especially when it sparks greater benefits like being able to attend school/work (and there's other great examples here in the US like Dress for Success). My critique to TOMS is not meant to suggest that they should stop operations, in fact they're brilliant for having come up with such a successful business model. It's just meant to raise the bar for TOMS, and anyone in this field, to do even better than the good they're already doing. In this case there is harm being done to a local economy to give away something that others (who are also poor) are selling. This happens with "'food aid" a lot too....well intentioned people, like my own government, give away large amounts of food for free in places that then destroy a local market, putting farmers into even greater poverty. So my suggestion is that TOMS think even more critically about "how can we still give shoes to people in need, but work WITH (instead of against) local entrepreneurs who are also struggling?" I welcome your ideas on this! I think that a constructive attitude is the best way to advance good ideas. Thanks so much again for engaging in discussion.

[jkkFL]

11:26 PM on 04/12/2012

I think this issue breaks both ways. I do admire the initiative, and I understand the need to go 'Local'.
I wonder how many local manufacturers would be available to fill the gap?
Or, is this a case of 'damned if you do and damned if you don't'?

[Kate Otto]

12:02 PM on 05/02/2012

Hi jkkFL - thanks for responding, and I agree with you that it breaks down both ways. In my experience working in countries like those in which TOMS operates, there is an abundance of local entrepreneurship and no shortage of potential local partners who could be engaged so that shoes are still provided to those in need, but the local economy is strengthened instead of harmed. I think this kind of collaborative thinking -- being thankful for TOMS business model and yet critical enough, out of care, to suggest improvements to the model - is a good way forward. What do you think?