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Keli Goff

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If You Could Predict a Rape, Would You Stop It?

Posted: 04/ 3/2012 7:59 am

For many people with elderly relatives, the joy of knowing that your family member has enjoyed a long life is often mixed with fear of what the future may bring regarding his or her health. Not to mention the fear of someone possibly harming him when he's too vulnerable to fend for himself. But very rarely do we worry about the elderly physically harming others, particularly at 100 years old. Yet when Theodore Sypnier was paroled in 2009 at the age of 100, his family so feared him that they declined any future contact with him. The reason? He was last convicted of sexually abusing multiple children at the age of 90.

Sypnier was known for using his persona as a friendly grandfather type to win the trust of young parents who then allowed him to baby sit their children, whom he later pled guilty to sodomizing. (For the record, Sypnier is not an anomaly. In 2010 a 90-year-old Australian pedophile generated headlines for abusing numerous children in Thailand.) The existence of men like Theodore Sypnier -- who had been convicted of abusing children multiple times before his conviction at 90 -- has forced our legal system to grapple with one of the most complicated moral, ethical and legal questions ever. Is it ever justifiable to incarcerate someone for a crime they MAY commit one day?

USA Today recently investigated a controversial federal program in which the U.S. Justice Department has sought to keep some of the country's most dangerous sexual predators behind bars after the conclusion of their prison sentences through what is known as civil confinement. But according to USA Today's review of 136 cases, the Justice Department has lost or dropped 61 cases while winning court approval to continue detaining just 15 predators. Part of the reason is because the criteria used to determine which perpetrators should remain detained is so complicated and contradictory it borders on ridiculous. According to the investigation:

To successfully commit a person, government attorneys have to prove three things: First that he molested a child or committed a violent sex crime; second that he has a mental disorder; and third, that his illness means he will have 'serious difficulty' refraining from new sex crimes if freed.
The investigation went on to note that among those released were those who had racked up multiple offenses against children -- but because it was determined that they couldn't be proven to definitively meet the other criteria they were set free. According to the current standards, "Past offenses alone cannot show whether someone is mentally ill or likely to commit new crimes." Only when it comes to molesting children this is patently false.

Unlike selling drugs or stealing a car which are often crimes in which need (or greed) collide with opportunity, pedophilia is a crime of pathology. In other words, if someone robs a bank or sells drugs but eventually gets a better job (or wins the lottery) thus affording them the financial stability those crimes once did, they are unlikely to sell drugs again. (See Jay-Z.) But if someone is a pedophile it is because they are attracted to children. No change in circumstance has ever been proven capable of changing that. Therefore if someone has sexually abused children before, that is in fact a predictor of his likelihood of committing such a crime again, as Theodore Sypnier proves, regardless of his age.

Despite this, some lawyer decided that instead of donating his services to, say, the Innocence Project, or to some defendant who actually claims to have been wrongfully convicted, that he would instead work to help Graydon Comstock fight for release from civil confinement, despite Comstock admitting to patronizing child prostitutes. Though the Supreme Court ultimately upheld the federal law allowing for civil confinement in its 2010 ruling on Comstock's case, Comstock was eventually set free. It was determined that though he admitted to abusing children he did not meet the sets of criteria for confinement mentioned above, in totality.

My first reaction upon learning about civil confinement is that it would be unnecessary if our criminal justice system actually treated sex crimes, particularly crimes against children, seriously as demonstrated through sentencing perpetrators to meaningful prison time. The average perpetrator serves just 7 years. But according to Judge Leslie Crocker Snyder, sentencing guidelines are only part of the problem.

In our interview, Snyder, who founded the very first sex crimes unit in America, explained that sex crimes are more complicated to prosecute and ultimately eradicate, than other crimes. For starters, sex crimes are more likely to end up in plea bargains than other cases for a variety of reasons. For instance, if a child is the victim of a sex crime it can be tough to put a 7-year-old on the witness stand, so such a case is likely to result in a plea bargain. As a result, even if we could hand out life sentences to pedophiles, very few of them would ever serve more than a few years because most cases are being plea-bargained anyway.

Snyder explained that closing the loopholes in current law, such as addressing the statute of limitations guidelines on sex crimes (something I have written about before) is one important step. She also expressed support for measures to collect DNA from all defendants arrested, noting that it will help identify perpetrators of unsolved sex crimes more quickly and also expedite the release of those defendants who have been wrongfully arrested. Of course, measures like this are only effective when DNA evidence is processed in a timely manner and in many major cities it is not. (Read more about the DNA backlog and how you can help, here.) She added that perhaps the most important improvement necessary for the current system to work is to allocate greater resources to make these solutions feasible to implement nationwide.

Snyder added that, "The whole concept of our criminal justice system is you're punished for the crime you commit." But, "Keeping someone civilly confined is highly appropriate if all appropriate safeguards are in place and due process rights are enforced."

So far the government has not always done a stellar job of exercising such safeguards, with some perpetrators waiting more than a year for a hearing to determine whether or not they meet the criteria for civil confinement. But since the criteria is nearly impossible to meet -- and government attorneys now know they are more likely to lose such hearings than win them -- who can blame them for trying to keep perpetrators behind bars as long as possible through any means necessary?

Now there are those of you reading this who may consider this a basic civil liberties and civil rights issue. I agree. I believe adamantly that we all have a basic right to keep our children safe. There are those of you reading this who may argue that protecting all of our civil liberties means protecting the rights of the Thomas Sypniers of the world. I happen not to agree. If keeping him, or someone like him incarcerated indefinitely, saves one child from abuse, I'm okay with that and I'll sleep just fine at night.

I think the bigger question is how those who oppose such measures, and have worked to make such measures nearly unenforceable, will sleep when one of the men the Justice Department was forced to let go, assaults someone else. Because it's not a question of if, but a question of when.

Click here to see how you can close some of the loopholes in our laws that aid sexual predators.

Keli Goff is the author of The GQ Candidate and a Contributing Editor to Loop21.com where this post originally appeared.

 
 
 

Follow Keli Goff on Twitter: www.twitter.com/keligoff

For many people with elderly relatives, the joy of knowing that your family member has enjoyed a long life is often mixed with fear of what the future may bring regarding his or her health. Not to men...
For many people with elderly relatives, the joy of knowing that your family member has enjoyed a long life is often mixed with fear of what the future may bring regarding his or her health. Not to men...
 
 
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09:00 PM on 04/06/2012
The author cites one of the world's most egregious cases to justify demonizing a certain class of people for life based upon what someone imagines they might do. "If You Could Predict a Rape,"
... you might be God.

This statement by the author is equally troubling:
"I think the bigger question is how those who oppose such measures, and have worked to make such measures nearly unenforceable, will sleep when one of the men the Justice Department was forced to let go, assaults someone else."

This is the essence of the Willie Horton Ad. Apparently, extremists on both right/left, liberal/conservative have found common ground here.

By the same logic we should incarcerate drug offenders for life - as we all know, addicts always re-offend. Sex offenders include people who have never even touched a child or committed rape, but we just KNOW they will commit rape or assault. And, of course, we all just know that
"people of color" will commit future crimes.

Before letting such hysterical arguments take us down the primrose path, consider where it may lead. Incarceration should be only for crimes committed - not for imagined future crimes.
06:46 PM on 04/05/2012
This is a great conversation. Thanks to everyone who is posting, while I sit off in my corner and absorb your opinions.
11:41 AM on 04/05/2012
When someone hurts, rapes or kills on purpose they cannot be rehabilitated. They are missing the part of their brain where kindness lives. They belong in jail for the rest of their lives to protect the public. Why does a criminal have more rights than his potential victims?
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TWKT
02:19 PM on 04/04/2012
The one good thing is that serial killers never get less than multiple life sentences so for them the question is mute, but I feel that serial killers are a class of people who do not deserve life but only death.
06:53 PM on 04/03/2012
Envisager une assitance systématique du pédophile celui victime de son vécu justement d enfance
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Mindy Czech
Cindy's wife for life.
04:05 PM on 04/03/2012
I've seen interviews where a few convicted child molesters who have been released will tell you that they will always be what they are, how they pick out and groom the children they choose to abuse, and what parents can do to try to safeguard their kids against it. But they readily admitted they do not change. As a victim of a bit of sexual abuse, I think these people should be locked away forever. I'm not talking about an 18-year-old sleeping with his 15-year-old girlfriend and getting arrested on statutory rape, or a guy in his twenties believing someone of that age when they say they're of 18 and then it turns out they're not. I'm talking about the Theodore Sypniers of the world who do not change, even with advanced age. They are dangerous, they won't quit, and they need to be removed from society permanently. Even a segregated colony of nothing but sex offenders would be fine with me, as long as they have no access to easily victimized women, children, or others ever again. Violent sex offenders are irredeemable.
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Jeff Rosenbury
I love all people -- in the abstract
12:11 AM on 04/04/2012
I agree, except the violent sex offender thing.

Violent rape/murder of children happens more as a T.V. plot device than it does in any given year in reality. I'm not sure we have a large enough population to understand their problems well enough to make definitive statements.

Still, unless and until a cure that works is available, lock them up.

But remember your odds are better to win the lottery than to have one of these violent men attack your child. The most common child molester is the father of a girl with other friends and relatives coming in close behind.
06:38 AM on 04/04/2012
i believe you are absolutely right
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mansterEZ
searching for secular humanist fact-based truth
03:50 PM on 04/03/2012
I would say who would invite that kind of drama into their life? This is equivalent to the same reaction one would exhibit seeing someone lying on the sidewalk in a BIG city. Step over or walk away leaving someone else to do the dirty work. When our lives are conditioned to be hypersensitive to fear, inviting more of the same is irrational and unreasonable. It's also the result of a "me first" society built upon immediate satisfaction & political expediency disregarding unforeseen consequences or collateral damage.
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Jeff Rosenbury
I love all people -- in the abstract
09:35 AM on 04/04/2012
Perhaps most people react with fear. Yet some react with compassion.

There's a major religion that promotes good Samaritans stopping and giving aid to the guy laying on the sidewalk. I'm a member.

It is possible to look past the horror and fear and see the people underneath.
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mansterEZ
searching for secular humanist fact-based truth
04:41 PM on 04/04/2012
Jeff Rosenbury,

It's good to know there are people out here like you and hope you're around when I need assistance. I usually offer help when someone needs assistance, but first access the situation before jumping in. Every action we take results in unforeseen consequences that could put your life in danger. I guess that's why gawd invented and allows one to use cell phones or other communication devices.

Think before leaping is the best-assured path.
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independentvoter007
God bless America
03:37 PM on 04/03/2012
"Is it ever justifiable to incarcerate someone for a crime they MAY commit one day?"

Of course not, is this a serious question? If you want to keep him in prison for life for the crimes he did commit, that's fine. But "It is better that a hundred guilty men go free than one innocent man should suffer."
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Jeff Rosenbury
I love all people -- in the abstract
12:25 AM on 04/04/2012
That is ten guilty men.

The original quote (Blackstone's ratio) was referencing Abraham arguing with God over Sodom's fate.

This Biblical incident is highly relevant to the current discussion for those who believe in the musings of a certain 2,500 year old nomadic tribe.
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independentvoter007
God bless America
03:15 AM on 04/04/2012
No, the fact that it is in the Bible is irrelevant. What is relevant is that it has been quoted by hundreds of philosophers and legal scholars throughout human history and lays the foundation for the American justice system.
06:39 AM on 04/04/2012
i dont believe that , it is not better that a hundred men go free , than one innocent man should suffer, that is crap,
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Jeff Rosenbury
I love all people -- in the abstract
09:38 AM on 04/04/2012
Pol Pot reportedly said, "It is better that ten innocent men suffer than one guilty man go free."

One of the advantages of being a Christian is having a book with answers. Spoiler alert: God sides with Blackstone, not Pol Pot.
03:44 PM on 04/04/2012
unless you're the innocent man, at which point your opinion might change
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02:20 PM on 04/03/2012
Punish the crime and then remove from society the pathology forever.
After prison they move to a highly structured, life long, closed community where freedom and behaviour go hand in hand with a highly supervised big brother control system. Not prison but semi free confined segragated communities, from where they can go back to prison if they commit further crimes.
Then normal, law abiding citizens might not have to live behind locked doors and windows day and night.
02:13 PM on 04/03/2012
The recidivism rate for sex offenders is actually lower than average among other crimes. Only murder has a lower recidivism rate.* We need to stop making policy based on anecdotes and urban legends, particular when such policy deprives people of their civil rights.

*Source: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/rsorp94.pdf
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LeftRight
TANSTAAFL
02:06 PM on 04/03/2012
I'm not opposed to keeping serial rapists or child molesters locked up forever, but I *AM* opposed to the sex offender registry, because FAR too many people are on it for something like being an older teenager dating a younger teenager!
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satanlite
Liberal blogger
04:04 PM on 04/03/2012
Or urinating behind a tree at a crowded festival at night, etc. It happens.
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LeftRight
TANSTAAFL
07:38 PM on 04/03/2012
Exactly! We've expanded the definition of sex offender to include everything done while naked or dating....
04:25 PM on 04/03/2012
You touch on a good point. There needs to be better definition of what a sex offender is. Seventeen year olds who have sex with their 15 year old girlfriend is not a sex offender.

I think the solution to the problem is not in adding to the sentence once complete, but changing the sentencing altogether. Predatory sex offenders can be incacerated for a period and in a closed community of sex offenders after that.

I think it is not right to sentence someone to say 10 years and then when they are done say oh by the way, we are tacking on 10 more years. It should be part of the original sentencing.
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LeftRight
TANSTAAFL
07:36 PM on 04/03/2012
Exactly!
jhNY
Mercy.
01:55 PM on 04/03/2012
"For the record, Sypnier is not an anomaly. In 2010 a 90-year-old Australian pedophile generated headlines for abusing numerous children in Thailand."

A quibble, I guess, but still out of a population of 6 billion plus, two cases hardly rise beyond 'anomaly' status.

And where are the stats showing how many convicted molesters don't get arrested again? Not to be seen, as they might conflict with the notion that all pedophiles will repeat their offenses. But they don't all do so, so they?

The short sentences, given everybody's public outrage for years on end, indicate something else is going on-- privileged offenders with money and power use their power and money to buy something they need. Otherwise, you'd think by now the sentences for offenses such as these would be longer-- but they're not.
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LeftRight
TANSTAAFL
11:12 AM on 04/04/2012
Two minor things.... We're currently over 7 billion, and 2 out of that populations wouldn't even rise TO anomaly status.... But we've got to compare them to the overall molestation population, not the world population, which brings them up to anomaly status...
01:55 PM on 04/03/2012
"The existence of men like Theodore Sypnier -- who had been convicted of abusing children multiple times before his conviction at 90 -- has forced our legal system to grapple with one of the most complicated moral, ethical and legal questions ever. Is it ever justifiable to incarcerate someone for a crime they MAY commit one day?"

"...men like Theodore Sypnier..." I wonder what the author thinks about Women who sexually assault children, and one needs only read this site to know that there are plenty. Or don't their victims deserve the same consideration?
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Jeff Rosenbury
I love all people -- in the abstract
03:38 PM on 04/03/2012
Clearly not.

Not according to most of the comments on the Bengal cheerleader/teacher who bagged one of her students. Most people wanted to throw them a parade.
04:28 PM on 04/03/2012
One difference between women and men offenders is the level of physical abuse and intimidation. I think a man who forces a 13 year old boy or girl to have sex with them is differen from a femail school teacher who is 27 and having sex with a 15 year old boy.
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Jeff Rosenbury
I love all people -- in the abstract
12:18 AM on 04/04/2012
I don't think force is used much by child molesters. Thirteen year old boys will have sex with anything that stands still long enough.

Adults have little trouble seducing/pressuring children.

Thus I disagree with you. I see no difference between the female school teacher and the male school teacher. Both abuse their knowledge and power to take advantage of someone.

If less damage is caused by the woman, it's only because the child will not feel as much need to hide his actions. Society, not the teacher, saves the boy some pain.
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LeftRight
TANSTAAFL
11:16 AM on 04/04/2012
Force isn't usually a factor in such cases.

Furthermore, most male teachers who sleep with their students are ALSO engaged in consensual sex. Remember, females are evolved to seek power in sexual partners, and in school very few have more power than the teachers. If they're attractive to boot? Then it's not really surprising.

So no, there's no difference between a male teacher sleeping with his students than a female teacher sleeping with her students.

Where there IS a difference is when you're talking about grown men (and occassionally women, though you hear about it less often...) molesting children who haven't even entered puberty.
01:34 PM on 04/03/2012
The article would be a lot stronger if it included recidivism rates. While I fully agree that child molesters are the worst kinds of criminals the central tenant of the article is that recidivism is much worse for sex crimes like pedophilia than for economic crimes like robbery.
I couldn't find recidivism rates for child molestation, but I did find the following from DOJ, which seems to indicate the opposite of the article's main point when it comes to rapists vs economic criminals (at least as far as arrests go, obviously sex crimes are the most under-reported)
"Released prisoners with the highest rearrest rates were robbers (70.2%), burglars (74.0%), larcenists (74.6%), motor vehicle thieves (78.8%), those in prison for possessing or selling stolen property (77.4%), and those in prison for possessing, using, or selling illegal weapons (70.2%).
Within 3 years, 2.5% of released rapists were arrested for another rape"
Perhaps the article should have said that recidivism is high for most criminals, likely including child molesters, and while someone stealing a car again might be worth the risk or trying to allow them to normalize in society, the risk of someone molesting again is not.
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Jeff Rosenbury
I love all people -- in the abstract
03:50 PM on 04/03/2012
Recidivism rates are low for child molesters who get treatment (5%, 30% without). There is some argument about this though. Some argue that since there's a low detection rate for the crime, the low recidivism rate doesn't mean children aren't being molested.

I disagree. I've been robbed six times in my life. The robbers were never caught, even when I knew who they were. The detection rate for robbery is low as well.

Plus, once a man is suspected for molesting children, people watch him in a way that they don't for average men. That way includes things like beatings with baseball bats. (The day the predator list was published in Durham, NC there were six shootings.) The odds of getting caught a second time are much higher.

IMO, the data is good. Yes it undermines the article's point. In fact I suspect the real point of the article is to push women's issues ahead of the general election. "Republicans are rapists" seems to be a theme this year.
RedneckLiberal
Redneck is not synonymous with Conservative
01:25 PM on 04/03/2012
"Is it ever justifiable to incarcerate someone for a crime they MAY commit one day?"

Wrong question. The question is whether we are appropriately dealing with those who have already committed a crime of this nature. No pedophile or rapist should be able to repeat the crime - don't let them back into society. Release the drug offenders to free up some room and keep the predators, pedophiles and rapists in for good. If you abuse children in any manner you do not deserve to be in our society.
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02:25 PM on 04/03/2012
See right and left can agree on things.

If you demonstrate that you can't be trusted with the freedoms we all enjoy, then you should be removed from those freedoms permenantly, and allow the rest of us to live in peace.