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Kristen Soltis

Kristen Soltis

Posted: September 30, 2010 01:19 PM

Most major polls over the last few months have painted a picture of an American voting public that is predominantly conservative. Before we dig into the polls that have come out recently, let's look at historical data to get some context for what one might expect the ideological makeup of the American electorate to look like.

First, let's look at the brilliant post this week from Pew Research Center by Michael J. Robinson, entitled "A Static America: A Contrarian View of Current U.S. Public Opinion Trends," showing data going back to the 80s indicating that America has been remarkably stable in terms of ideology. The line, going from 1987 to the present, barely wiggles as it traces American ideology over the course of the decades. Americans may change their voting behavior, sure, but ideology is much stickier than the pundits give it credit for.

Let's also take a look at the exit polls.

2010-09-30-Ideology8408HouseLevel.jpg

At the House level, the exit polls have shown that moderates have outnumbered conservatives -- and by considerable margins -- in every election since at least 1984. In fact, even in 1994, when the Gingrich revolution swept a wave of conservative members into Congress, moderates still outnumbered conservatives. Sure, the gap closed significantly from the 1992 election, but we still did not see the number of conservatives even reaching parity with moderates, much less exceeding them.

We've now established the context. The electorate has had more moderates than conservatives, and even in years that were extremely good for Republicans, the closest conservatives ever came to parity was still 37% conservative to 45% moderate. The Robinson piece further underscores the stability of ideology in the electorate.

Why then are so many of our public polls showing samples with an ideological makeup that looks nothing like this, with conservatives outnumbering moderates?

One egregious recent example is the AP/GfK poll that thrilled Republicans with a generic ballot advantage of +10 among likely voters. Yet look at their sample; the sample of adults was 22% liberal, 31% moderate, and 45% conservative. And as Alan Abramowitz wrote on Pollster.com just a few weeks ago, this year has shown an increasingly large gap favoring Republicans as you narrow a sample down to "likely voters," which gives me serious doubts that the likely voter sample would be less heavily conservative than the overall adult sample.

Let's look at another major poll that had Republicans breaking out the champagne. In early September , an ABC News/Washington Post poll generated excited cheers from Republicans when its likely voter sample showed +13 for Republicans on the generic ballot. They don't release the ideological breakdown of their likely voter sample, but their overall sample of adults shows 40% conservative, 37% moderate, and 19% liberal. One can only speculate as to how much more conservative the "likely voter" subsample is.

The mid-September CBS/NYT poll of adults gets it closer, with 36% conservative and 40% moderate. Among "likely voters" they give Republicans a +2 advantage on the generic ballot, but we don't know what the partisan or ideological makeup of that subsample is. Again, likely voter screens tend to be more favorable to Republicans this year, and it is unlikely that the likely voter universe is less conservative than the adults universe.

The most recent NBC/WSJ also gets it around that range with their sample of adults, with 37% moderate and 39% conservative. However, remember, this is adults -- not registered or likely voters -- and yet conservative is still outnumbering moderate.

A recent POLITICO-GWU Battleground poll of likely voters showed 63% of their sample considering themselves conservative (curiously, "moderate" was not even offered as an option).

All of which poses a very serious question that has major implications for how on (or off) the mark these polls are: Are pollsters these days surveying too many conservatives?

Despite decades of evidence to show that ideology is fairly consistent, it wouldn't be completely out of the blue for conservatives to make an enormous gain over the 2008 electoral makeup. Between 1992 and 1994, the proportion of the electorate that was conservative did jump 7 points from 30% to 37%. If that occurred again, you'd wind up with 41% conservative (a 7-point jump from the 34% in 2008). Depending on how much of that jump peeled away from the moderate number, you could feasibly have more conservatives turn out than moderates or liberals. But that's a big "if."

This isn't to say that pollsters with very heavily conservative samples are wrong. It isn't out of the realm of possibility that a massive structural change is occurring in the American electorate this year that has conservatives making a massive jump -- so massive as to eclipse that of 1994.

But what it does say to me, as a Republican, is that we ought to stop dancing in the end zone before we've scored a touchdown. It tells me that two-and-a-half decades of data show things aren't as wobbly as they seem, that the electorate doesn't change its ideological makeup radically, and that polls with more conservatives than moderates just might be painting a rosier picture than we all might find ourselves looking at on election day.

Just as pollsters ought to get in the habit of releasing the partisan makeup of their samples, including their subsamples of registered and likely voters, they also ought to release the ideological breakdown. As a consumers of political data, we have a right to make informed decisions about whether or not a poll is sampling conservatives more heavily than we think it should.

When election day rolls around, and I update that ideology chart above, I may well find that red line for "conservatives" intersects and crosses over the green line for "moderates." But I'm not confident that's going to happen. I think everyone ought to seriously consider the ideological makeup of survey samples when weighing how much stock to put in the results they produce.

 

Follow Kristen Soltis on Twitter: www.twitter.com/KLSoltis

Most major polls over the last few months have painted a picture of an American voting public that is predominantly conservative. Before we dig into the polls that have come out recently, let's look a...
Most major polls over the last few months have painted a picture of an American voting public that is predominantly conservative. Before we dig into the polls that have come out recently, let's look a...
 
 
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02:32 PM on 11/02/2010
Dewey defeats Truman
12:46 PM on 11/02/2010
Kristen Soltis is the hottest woman who contributes to HuffPo. I would worship you, Kristen. Ok, maybe not, but I definitely wouldn't cheat on you. That is all.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
rblackbird
12:16 PM on 11/02/2010
This the most sober comment on polling in this election I have read. Together with mistaken voter samples and weighting problems, the pollsters have ignored the possibility of a large turnout of liberals and moderates who have grown angry and afraid about a possible conservative landslide.
10:11 AM on 10/11/2010
I believe that a new awareness has fallen upon the electorate as a consequence of the Obama election and consequential policies. As I agree that it was difficult to distinguish between Democrat and Republican progressives Obama's policies have clearly defined what liberal / progressives mean and thank God there remains a core of common sense in the electoriate.
Exampes of extremism clearly distinguishing the illnes and childish idealism of the left.

Demonizing all segments of business creating so much confusion and uncertaintity that no one is investing or creating Jobs.

Attacking carbon energy with no alternative creating a total wait and see mentality Killing jobs.

Shutting down off shore drilling with one terrible incedence destroying near term employment.

Giving foriegn terrorists constitutional rights and preventing access to information that save our innocents.

Unconstitutional take over of car companies with a settlement rewarding unions that was the primary cause of the companies lack of competitiveness.

Creating a health care system not wanted by the populace that is based on an obvious lie that you can add 15 million non paying people which will include illegals that will not produce shortages nor increase cost to the paying taxpayers.

Spending $800,000,000 on stimulas that went to pet individual democrat projests that has done NOTHING except make the country more vulnerable to financial failure.

These are just a few of the things these neophytes have done to better define progressives that will destroy the democratic party for the next 20 years if not perminently
02:00 PM on 10/05/2010
You know I dont know who these people poll...but I am a democrat and have never...never been polled...I think the GOP does better in polls because these are rich people that are home...dems are out working or looking for work and dont have time for polls.
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Exfl
A centrist until the center moved.
04:14 PM on 10/05/2010
I don't know about rich versus poor, but I do know that many pollsters rely mostly on land lines, which give you a disproportionate share of older nonworking women as respondents. (They are at home --- and I guess they answer strange caller IDs hoping Regis and Kelly will call!)
12:21 AM on 10/05/2010
The Tea Party wants to cut taxes, reduce government and balance the budget.
How and What?

They want a balanced budget -- but millionaires need a tax break.....

They hate government programs --- but like their social security checks....

They hate government programs --- but like medicare paying their doctor bills......

They hate government programs ---- but want their kids to be in good schools....

They hate government programs --- but complain about those potholes.....

They hate government programs --- but sure want police or fire to respond when they have an emergency

They hate government programs -- but want safe drinking water.....

They hate government programs ---- but they want safe food supplies......

They hate government programs --- but they want reliable electric energy......

Democrats are fighting for the middle class...

They need to speak up and not let themselves get drowned out by the 24 hour
right wing infomercial that calls itself a news station --

Democrats need to get out and show their support for Democrat candidates.
11:43 AM on 10/06/2010
I fall into the group that Obama wants to extend the Bush tax cuts for. Those tax cuts will will reduce government revenues over a 10 year period by about 3 times as much as the cuts to the wealthy. So taxing the wealthy more doesn't really move the proverbial needle.

I pay into SS and Medicare so you're damn right I want to get my money out of it. However, if I could take that same amount of money and do with it what I want I think I personally would be better off. Do you think you could do better than the Federal government as well?

Schools are paid for at the local/state level. Classroom sizes are at low levels and teachers salaries at higher levels. Has education gotten better or worse in the last 50 years?

I want the Federal government to do the minimal things the Founders intended it to do (ie defense for one) and do them well. For most other things it needs to get out of the way and let competition drive efficiencies.

The other key issue is that there are now approaching the point where 50% of the population doesn't pay federal taxes. This trend can't continue and all citizens need to pull together. As Dennis Miller says, we need to help the helpless, but the clueless have to get their act together.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
VTya
youcan'tfoolallthepeopleallthetime
10:39 PM on 10/06/2010
The jobs for the clueless have been outsourced to India and China ...
11:49 AM on 10/06/2010
agreed ! Vote people
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LordByron13
If you're posting here, thank a TEACHER.
04:30 PM on 10/04/2010
"I think everyone ought to seriously consider the ideological makeup of survey samples when weighing how much stock to put in the results they produce."

And this is what I've been saying, haven't I, to both friend and tr0//, that 120/1200/12000 people in a poll do not a city/state/nation make?

Never you mind whether or not these 'polling organizations' actually called anyone...fact is, there is NO way you can make the assertions that the media has made, based on these polls. Considering how well-integrated these right wing polls are, like Rassmussen and Pew, its kinda like polling your friends by asking: How many of you like me?

And don't think for a second they don't have the demographic stats to skew their numbers. but more importantly, biased or unbiased, you should NEVER base your vote on a freakin' poll...that much is clear...this any fantasy football folks...but the poor life your living now? Yeah, that'll be delusions of grandeur if the Teapublicans get a hold of the system...
01:25 PM on 10/04/2010
As long as the Moderates outnumber the Liberals there will not be change. You can't win a rope pull by holding in the middle. It's left or right.... and the moderates certainly don't get that.
10:43 AM on 10/06/2010
I'm not sure they do out number the Liberals, but the Moderates and Conservatives sure speak much louder. If the Liberals, progressives, and independents would speak up and be heard they might be surprised with the results. Then you have the folks that talk the liberal talk but then don't go vote. Never will understand that. They would be a force to be feared by the Conservatives if they would just band together and vote.
01:24 PM on 10/04/2010
No matter how you cut iy liberals do NOT represent the majority of Americans. It is time to vote them out.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CosmicIrony
10:13 AM on 10/05/2010
You'd have to find liberals in office to vote out, and that's pretty hard. Most elected Democrats are at best moderates, and frequently conservatives. This country is becoming so right wing I hardly recognize it.
10:17 PM on 10/06/2010
Since when is a politician who passes unfunded spending bills that triple the deficit a conservative? NEVER
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Wizer
No more tiny coffins
04:17 PM on 10/05/2010
Who, specifically, are you calling 'liberal', because if you mention obama, I will remind you he is continuing bush's programs at home and overseas in the wars.
10:21 PM on 10/06/2010
Obama because of his health care deform program.

Obama because of his green programs.
09:54 AM on 10/04/2010
Thank you for injecting some sound reasoning into the hyperbolic doom and gloom b. s. Progressives - VOTE!
10:41 PM on 10/03/2010
If we examine the above chart, it appearse that small liberal percentage has absolute power over the collective majority of moderate and conservative citizenry. Something is way out of balance here.
12:45 PM on 10/04/2010
wut?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
sorrytobeakansan
Radical Moderate
10:12 PM on 10/04/2010
If the libruls had the power you claim, we would have the public option, be out of both wars, increased taxes on the rich, DADT would be abolished and taxation to multi national corporations that ship jobs overseas. What planet do you live on?
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lynettema
Little old lady
10:26 PM on 10/03/2010
The only poll that counts is the one on Nov 2. I think we said this in'07.
04:14 PM on 10/02/2010
Many of my younger friends (in their 20's and 30's) only have mobile phones so they are not being polled by telephone. I am 50 years old and my land line is only used for government agencies and people and businesses I don't want to talk to but I have to give a phone number to. So I'm not being polled or surveyed by telephone, at the front door or online. And I I am not unique for my generation. I'm technologically savvy and I wouldn't waste my precious time with a pollster. I am well informed and I vote in every election. I am very liberal and most of the roughly 1,000 friends on my facebook page are either moderate or liberal, and they do vote as well. And I would venture to say they probably haven't been polled for the same reasons I haven't. When I read the blogs and facebook pages and it doesn't match what the conventional wisdom of the mainstream media and pollsters are saying, I must say I am dubious. But as a liberal I am hopeful.
Jivan
Leap and the net will appear
05:37 PM on 10/03/2010
Remember the headline: DEWEY WINS!

That time only the rich had telephones so telephone surveys showed that Dewey would win over Truman. Same thing today. Except this time the younger voters do not have a home phone while the older voter does.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
SouthernJewel
That All Important I-4 Corridor in Central FL
09:23 PM on 10/03/2010
I'm in your age group @Rob Canny...we gave up our landline.
We use a Google Voice phone number. Very easy...just sign up.
It will either forward all calls/voicemails either to your cell phone or to an email where you click on a link to hear the message.
Works great for us...we use it for everything and everyone.
My children that are in their 20's are the same way...no phone number to be polled as are their friends.
Everything you've stated matches what I believe to be the case also.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
CRAVECOFFEE
Common Sense Politics
09:36 AM on 10/02/2010
Kudo's to Ms. Soltis. My brain turns off when I hear news outlet's using polls to base their reporting on and their nightly topic. I've been around 61 years and have been active in politics for many of those years. I have received poll calls, however the questions are almost trick questions and slanted. If you're not listening carefully, it would be very easy to agree with the opposition.
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glojet
04:30 PM on 10/01/2010
this article inspired me to look up the definitions of conservative and liberal:
con·serv·a·tive-
   /kənˈsɜrvətɪv/ Show Spelled[kuhn-sur-vuh-tiv] Show IPA
–adjective
1.
disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change.
lib·er·al-
   /ˈlɪbərəl, ˈlɪbrəl/ Show Spelled[lib-er-uhl, lib-ruhl] Show IPA
–adjective
1.
favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs.
***it boils down to SAME VS CHANGE. STATUS QUO VERSUS PROGRESS