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Kristin Wartman

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The One-Two Punch: Big Food Gets Kids Hooked Early and Often

Posted: 10/18/2012 2:06 pm

If we knew that there was epidemic among our children that would cause them to die at increasingly younger ages and if we also knew that this disease was entirely preventable, wouldn't we do everything in our power to eradicate it?

In fact, we do have an epidemic and it's largely driven by our reliance on highly processed, cheap convenience foods. The United States is hardly alone on this front, but our food culture is distinct from most other industrialized nations in a crucially important way -- we have virtually no regulation for advertising food and drink and we require very little in the way of labeling.

In a few weeks, Californians will decide if genetically modified foods (GMOs) should be labeled. Labeling GMOs will force greater transparency on the part of food producers and it represents a potential shift for consumers to regain a measure of control over their own food. But the US will still lag far behind many European countries, which not only have been labeling GMO foods for years but in some cases, also require warning labels for junk foods and have strict regulations on the types of foods and beverages advertised, particularly to children.

There is good reason for this. Studies show that Big Food corporations aggressively market unhealthy foods to children and in some cases children exhibit "brand recognition" and brand loyalty before they can even speak. A forthcoming study in the journal Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience, found that toddlers identify the golden arches for McDonald's before they even know the letter M. After looking at more than 100 brands, researchers at the University of Missouri-Kansas City and University of Kansas Medical Center study found that children are more likely to choose foods with familiar logos and that the majority of these foods are high in sugars, fat and sodium. Even more alarming, researchers found that seeing an advertised logo trips the pleasure and reward regions of children's brains -- areas of the brain that are also implicated in obesity and various types of addiction, including drug abuse, researcher Dr. Amanda Bruce said.

Another recent study suggests that highly processed foods are addictive. Researchers in the journal Current Biology report that when they fed M&M candies to hungry rats, their levels of enkephalin (an opiod with similar effects to other drugs in this class) increased. The more the rats' enkephalin went up, the faster they ate the M&Ms. The researchers reported that the rats would not stop eating the M&Ms until the candies were taken away.

But that's not all -- the food industry is actively shaping the palates of our children. While the food industry insists that it only advertises to children "to influence brand preference," a study published in the journal Appetite found that the industry works to "fundamentally change children's taste palates to increase their liking of highly processed and less nutritious foods." This study dovetails with Dr. Bruce's findings since researchers found that the awareness of fast food brands was a significant predictor of what they call the "Sugar-Fat-Salty" palate preference in children.

Data is also surfacing that obese children are less sensitive to taste. Researchers in Germany found that on the intensity scale, obese children rated all flavor concentrations lower than did those in the normal-weight group. They believe this may be due to the fact that leptin, the hormone that regulates appetite and makes us feel full, might also affect the sensitivity of taste buds. It is suspected that people who are obese or overweight are resistant to leptin, making them feel hungrier and driving them to eat more.

Not only does obesity or overweight affect taste, but it also affects memory and learning. A study in Pediatrics found that teenagers with metabolic syndrome (a precursor to diabetes, which includes having high blood levels of glucose, low levels of "good" cholesterol, high triglycerides, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure) had lower scores on tests of mental ability and significantly lower academic performance in reading and arithmetic. MRI scans of these children also showed reduced volume in the hippocampus, a part of the brain involved in forming and storing memories.

The picture emerging from these recent findings is that children are becoming hooked on highly processed foods at a very young age. This changes their palate preferences for salty, fatty, sweet foods, leads to weight gain and metabolic syndrome, affects brain processes -- and ultimately, perpetuates a vicious cycle.

So what is to be done? European countries, which have lower rates of obesity and diet-related disease, provide some answers. In 2007, the French government ordered all food advertisements to carry warning labels urging consumers to stop snacking, exercise, and eat more fruits and vegetables. The warning label also reads, "Consuming these foods may be harmful to your health." In Sweden and Norway, all food and beverage advertising to children is forbidden. In Ireland, there is a ban on TV ads for candy and fast food and the ban prohibits using celebrities to promote junk food to kids.

It's time for American politicians to address the lack of regulation for Big Food and the advertising industry. We now have the science to prove that the content of highly processed foods coupled with the marketing of them to children and toddlers is amounting to a national health crisis.

Over the past 15 years, the percentage of new cases of Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset, has skyrocketed among children -- from three to 50 percent. Approximately 12.5 million of children and adolescents aged two to 9 years are obese and since 1980, obesity prevalence among children and adolescents has almost tripled.

Diabetes, along with high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and heart disease are becoming shockingly common in children and adolescents. We know these conditions arise primarily from poor diets and are driven by our consumption of ultra-processed foods.

A startling USDA report from 2006 states that since the percentage of children who are overweight has doubled and the percentage of adolescents who are overweight has more than tripled, "If we do not stem this tide, many children in this generation of children will not outlive their parents." To put that another way: If trends don't change, the surge in diet related disease among children means that many parents will watch their children die. That was the prediction from experts six years ago and we have yet to see any substantive action from Washington.

Our leaders must get tough on these corporations and stop insisting that it comes down to choice and personal responsibility. This is a myth perpetuated by the food and advertising industries so they can continue to harm our children and threaten the health of our nation with impunity. In what other circumstance would we allow an epidemic of such grave proportions debilitate our children unchecked? We've long been looking for the smoking gun -- it seems we've found it.

 

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02:08 PM on 11/07/2012
The defeat of Proposition 37 will have consequences for generations to come, as will kids' knee jerk response to Big Foods. The new science of epigenetics helps us to understand how any environmental cue – any person, place or thing – can influence how our genes are expressed. Even if our parents or grandparents lived long lives, when you continuously fall prey to hyperpalatable foods and the behaviors that support them (stress eating, for instance, or becoming one with your couch), this changes our gene expression. And this altered gene expression is passed on to our children.

Our food addictions become theirs.
12:17 PM on 10/25/2012
I live in CA and I will be voting yes on prop 37 (labeling GMO's) because GMO's are not visible to the naked eye. There is no way to know if a GMO is in a product without labeling. But that's as far as it goes. Government intervention, in anything, is never a good idea. Think about what the government is doing to the natural foods market in our country. Give them an inch in processed foods and they'll take a mile in natural foods. If you're worried about the children of the country, get out and say something. Don't ask the government to do your work for you. It will bite you in the end.
12:01 PM on 10/25/2012
GMO or not, not a word mentioned in this article about sugary drinks - #1 offender in the national fattening trend. I see parents pumping their kids with high fructose corn syrup or high sugar drinks, such as Gatorade, Coke, Pepsi, and other poison and that's considered normal. No one even questions their choices. And if not sugar drinks, it's juice - grape juice, orange juice, which essentially do the same harm to the body.
How can I raise a healthy child (it's raw milk and water in my household) if I can't send her to summer camp, where they drink Gatorade and fake fruit punch daily? I have to battle with her daily at the risk of being a boring and un-cool mom, because I forbid the junk drinking.
Public school "lunch police" demands that I provide a well balanced healthy lunch to my child, while their own cafeteria is peddling sugary snacks and drinks to kids. Raising a healthy child demands vigilance and lots and lots of resolve these days. Junk food pressure is coming at you from every corner.
02:44 PM on 10/24/2012
Scary but true ---
02:43 PM on 10/24/2012
How Frightening that this is not only true, but so hard to avoid, I have taken to shopping at small markets because it has become so difficult to find non-gmo foods in traditional supermarkets, It's also quite horrifying how much money is spent opposing laws which only require them to label the foods with information that the consumer clearly deserves. That alone tells me their products are dangerous, why else keep this a secret. I'm an Eating Psychology coach and this is one of my areas of special interest -- food quality, It's not just affecting the waistline, it's affecting your brain!
11:38 AM on 10/24/2012
I've been very over weight and battling eating disorders for over 20 years. Eat less and exercise... did not work. Has NEVER worked.

I would have withdrawal fits for high salty, carbohydrate foods, I would in turn binge and then feel guilty and binge again. It was a terrible cycle of food addiction, guilt and self recrimination. However, for the first time in two decades I am effectively losing weight. The ONLY thing that has broken this cycle, has been to remove processed "convenience" foods from my diet.

I don't crave bad foods anymore. I eat anything I want, as long as it's not processed or contains refined sugars or HFCS. Addiction style cravings for unhealthy prepared foods and snacks have ceased.

I no longer over-eat, because I can now feel when I'm full. When I am hungry, I crave healthy food choices. I can taste everything. I can taste the chemicals in prepared foods now.

The down side is I have to cook and prepare EVERYTHING. It's time consuming. I cook 3-4 hours a day and more on weekends as I prepare homemade snacks for the week. Convenience foods sell well for a reason, but it's worth leaving them on the shelf. I've lost 20 pounds before I've had a chance to increase my physical activity. That comes next. So eat less and exercise is true to a point, perhaps it should instead be said, "Don't eat crap to enable yourself, for eating less and exercising".
10:53 AM on 10/24/2012
Well said, well said, WELL SAID! I will be sending this article to my MPs and MPP's Thank you.
07:31 PM on 10/21/2012
Isn't it sneaky how GMOs just made it into our food without us ever knowing? How Obama appointed the former VP of Monsanto as head of the FDA/ Talk about the fox guarding the hen house.....
12:09 AM on 10/21/2012
What we eat clearly affects us. Last week I read a huffington post blog by Dr. Andrew Weir where he referenced new studies that show that industrial food causes many people's intestines to become inflamed, which creates a breakdown so the message that they are full never gets to the brain. Haven't you ever wondered how a person could ever get so large and not change their behavior? It's not a matter of will power. There is more evidence that the health of your gut is key to your overall health including how you think.
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Ryan Megan
12:07 AM on 10/21/2012
This is the anti-evolution / global warming-denialism of the left.

Just goes to show the anti-science movement is bipartisan.

Natural is the new religion.
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Ghostberry
All empty souls tend toward extreme opinions.
04:32 PM on 10/20/2012
So the GM tie-in in the title is just to get pageviews? Because it had nothing to do with the article.
10:01 AM on 10/20/2012
It's not going to be easy, as our culture has ingrained with poor diet choices for too long. We all, as human beings, must change our habits or risk burying our kids. Personally, I spent time finding a doctor whose values aligned with mine, but the real solution is to align ALL doctors. It's a start. Then work on government policy: this is a tough one, as I've done this for over a decade to elicit change in the food industry, and am just now seeing results. Baby steps, but unless we get off the internet and take an action towards change, buy a lot of black clothing. You'll need it...
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Rachel Flanagan
09:46 PM on 10/19/2012
I have a job that requires I film some of the same people periodically. I won't see someone for a couple months, sometimes a year. Just the other day, I saw a woman I hadn't seen for months and she looked amazing. Weight had dropped, her skin was beautiful and she was glowing. I always ask what they've been doing different when I see this drastic change in their appearance. The answer's always the same, their on the "caveman" diet (or variations of) Removing gluten, processed food, no corn, no soy, no dairy. Time to embrace the diet of our paleo ancestors.

http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/diet-review-the-caveman-paleo-diet
02:39 PM on 10/19/2012
Try to stay on top of this - but had a recent eye-opener that magnified my interest. When I got back from a recent trip to Ireland with my 12yr old son, my wife - who hadn't seen him in 9 days - said he was noticeably different. He's a normal, fit, bright, athletic kid with great grades - but my wife noticed a huge change in behavior: He was more focused, relaxed, and even more polite than usual. One of the first things that hits you about Ireland (starts when you fly over on approach) is that there are no 'superfarms'. Instead, the country is a giant jigsaw of small farms where all the beef is grass-fed and you can't help but think that they are sourcing most of their food from home. There is also a lot of emphasis everywhere regarding organic products.

It's like taking a step back in time - and the more I thought about it, the more I realized how different most things tasted. The bread was different - more 'stone ground', if that makes sense. My point is that I realized my son had almost no processed food at all. And everything - ham, cheese, bread, milk, buter - all tasted better to him.

Nothing scientific about it, but as a parent you have a gut feeling, and this is strong.
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Rachel Flanagan
09:15 PM on 10/19/2012
Thanks for your post. I was recently watching a show where an American who spoke in Europe and America commented that the audiences in Europe seemed more focused, healthier and intelligent. I'd say your gut was "spot on."
12:38 AM on 10/20/2012
Absolutely true. After living in Europe for five years (Switzerland) I noticed how much fresher the food was, and how people shop almost daily for food. And get this - in the local supermarket called "Migros" there were only a handful of cold cereal choices - with no artificial colors/flavors. Can you imagine that here? There must be a dozen flavors of Cheerios now...
12:49 PM on 10/19/2012
Wonderful, thought provoking, hopefully action-provoking article, Kristin. We're in complete agreement with you. I like to take it one step farther though, when I am able to show figures to prove the dramatic rise in Childhood Obesity began around 1982, the year our FDA allowed Aspartame into our food supply as a new food additive. There were limits back then as to what percentage of Aspartame consumers were not to exceed (ADI=50mg per kg of body weight per day). Our government has since dropped that Allowable Daily Intake requirement, but still must include Aspartame on ingredient labels.

"Asparbesity" (obesity from Aspartame use) epidemic began and continues to rise with the increasing use of this controversial faux sweetener, which, by the way, affected ability to taste and smell, in laboratory testing. With Aspartame's new clone, Neotame (13,000 times sweeter than sugar!), now being added not only to our food supply, but also to 'fatten' cattle for slaughter. Neotame replaces molasses in animal feed now under the Sweetos brand. Therefore, "Neobesity" may be joining "Asparbesity" as syndromes or medical conditions increasingly in children around the world. Of course, we have peer-reviewed scientific documentation for this from the Medical Journals. More substantiation of these allegations may be found on my blog: Stoddard's POV. Thank you again, Kristen. Keep up the good work!

Respectfully,
Mary Nash Stoddard / author Deadly Deception Story of Aspartame (Odenwald '98)
Oginikwe
I think therefore I'm dangerous
11:27 PM on 10/19/2012
Thank you for your post. I saw the documentary Deadly Deception and quit drinking diet soda which was the only thing I ingested with aspertame in it.

Thank you for your work and contribution to our education on the myriad of ways the food industry hurts us.
09:30 AM on 10/20/2012
Thank you for your kind words of support for our "cause," which is Aspartame /Neotame Awareness. And, to HuffPost for presenting the issues fairly. Journalism in its finest form may be found on the pages of this excellent publication.