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Goddess Durga: A Divine Female Role Model for Our Times?

Posted: 01/21/11 02:52 PM ET

We are at a global crossroads. Environmental devastation, economic upheaval, political corruption and unconscionable acts of man-made violence threaten the precious equilibrium of our planet. Racism, sexism, homophobia, war, violence, genocide, human trafficking -- it is hard not to feel overwhelmed by the massive injustice perpetuated by humans against our own species and ultimately the fragile web of all life on this planet. How do we make sense of the destruction? When all seems futile, how do we approach formidable life experiences from a place of compassion for both self and other? To whom do we turn for guidance?

To many in the West, the orthodox religious traditions we grew up within have failed to provide solace. Many of us are looking for a spiritual model that addresses the needs of the tumultuous 21st century and yet is grounded in respect for the interconnectedness of all life. While some have found guidance in indigenous beliefs, western mystical traditions or eastern philosophy, the ululating call of the divine feminine seems to be making itself heard across the board.

Most of us are familiar with Greek mythology and its pantheon of goddesses and gods; however, fewer are aware that there is a thriving tradition of goddess worship in South Asia where devotion to the divine as Compassionate Mother and Fiercely Protective Female Warrior has existed for millennia. In fact, there is not one, but thousands of manifestations of goddess in South Asia. In Hinduism human diversity is expressed by this vast pantheon of deities; and yet, as one of the most popular goddess myths reminds us, despite our differences, we are indeed all One.

The Devi Mahatmya or the Great Glory of the Goddess is a 5th century myth that offers potent teachings relevant to this day and age. The heroine of this story about the victory of good over evil is Durga, Goddess of Divine Justice, Invincible Power, and Impenetrable Compassion. Her name, Durga, means fortress, and speaks to the unassailable essence of our inherent nature. Durga is also known as the Remover of Fear and Difficulty for she always comes to the aid of any who call on her in distress.

According to the myth, demonic forces are threatening to conquer the world and take down any who do not agree with their agenda. Despite the gods' intentions to stop the demons, the methods they use only perpetuate the violence. Moreover, this demon king has received a boon from the creator God Brahma, which makes him undefeatable by any man, god or demon. When Brahma asks the demon if he wants to be exempt from defeat by a female as well, the demon's inflated ego puffs up with pride. To the demon, battling a woman is an easy win -- he declines.

After eons of senseless violence, the male gods convene and call forth the Supreme Mother Goddess behind all existence. Only she is powerful enough to stop the bloodshed. The initial chapter of Durga's mythic journey of restoring harmony to the world tells how the demon king learns a beautiful female is waiting to engage in battle with him. He orders his two favorite demon generals to bring her to him so he can force her into wedlock. However, the generals do not have a chance against the all-powerful goddess. As they approach her, the composed goddess emits a flame from her finger that restores them to a state of tranquility and compassion. Outraged, the demon demands that the goddess engage directly with him in battle. She does.

The demon becomes more and more furious as he faces the great goddess. He hurls mountains, uproots forests and causes earthquakes with his all-consuming anger against the possible loss of power and control. Every time one of Durga's arrows flies at him, the demon changes form from water buffalo, to tiger, to man until finally she grabs him, pins his neck down with her foot and sends a spear through his heart.

Metaphorically, we can consider Durga as the wisdom of the heart, untainted by cultural, religious and societal conditioning. The buffalo demon symbolizes our ignorance, reactions and ego attachments. The constantly shifting appearance of the demon speaks to our irrational behavior and the need to pin down the destructive causes of our negative emotions: anger, jealousy, pride, greed and delusion. His shape shifting is symbolic of the grasping ignorant mind that continuously jumps from one desire to another. The demon's uncontrollable rage, destroying everything in its path without regard for the consequences, is a fitting analogy for the violence we face today. This myth asks us to consider how we choose to express our anger -- whether we will use our rage against injustice in constructive ways, or if we will be divisive, fearful and blaming, thereby poisoning our environment. The fiercely compassionate divine feminine nature will help free us from the afflicted ego and return to the penetrating wisdom of divine love. Goddess Durga may not solve all the world's problems at the moment, but as this ancient scripture teaches, she is the impenetrable place of calm within our hearts from which we can choose actions that promote harmony and unity rather than selfish harmful acts.

In the myth, after the demon has finally been defeated and the gods gather to celebrate, Mother Durga promises to return whenever any of her children are in distress. As we face crises on both a personal and planetary level, might we call on this ancient divine female force of compassion and courage to help us confront and transform that which threatens the well being and contentment of all beings on this planet?

The Devi Mahatmya teaches that the grace of goddess is unconditional and will never be withheld from anyone -- ego demon or not. Through her fierce love toward self and other, harmony will be restored within and around us. We need only invoke Durga to help us remember our true nature and that divine love conquers all.

 
 
 
We are at a global crossroads. Environmental devastation, economic upheaval, political corruption and unconscionable acts of man-made violence threaten the precious equilibrium of our planet. Racism, ...
We are at a global crossroads. Environmental devastation, economic upheaval, political corruption and unconscionable acts of man-made violence threaten the precious equilibrium of our planet. Racism, ...
 
 
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Machinistscott
Not Red, Not Blue, I'm Purple
02:54 PM on 02/09/2011
At least you call it what it is, a myth.
I like Tolkien better.
03:33 PM on 01/28/2011
Enjoyable article and good to see the feminine aspect of Divinity taken up. Generally in modern hindu thought which has roots to Vedic thought, holds that there are three known faces of the Divine: Masculine, Feminine and Neuter. The Masculine facets are Brahma (creative urge), Vishnu (protective urge) and Shiva (destructive urge). They are balanced with Sarasvati (embodiment of knowledge), Lakshmi/Sri (embodiment of compassion and prosperity) and Parvati/Uma (embodiment of power). In Puranic literature, which are books detailing moral, mythological and spiritual stories, the masculine facts of Divinity are incomplete without their feminine side. For example, each of the Avataras of Vishnu also required the Avatara of Lakshmi/Sri. In the Vishnu Purana, it says that that Vishnu is the flame and Lakshmi the Light, He is love and she is pleasure. "It is enough to say that of all gods, humans, animals and other beings that Vishnu is all that is male and Lakshmi all that is female." They together the merger of Masculine and Feminine are known as Brahman, the Supreme. Brahman is Neutral, without gender but in which all genders reside in. Brahman is the ground of Being, the Absolute of Philosophy and the God of Religion.

Hindu thought tries to merge the variety of existence and attempts to understand them, which is how there are dozens of different philosophies of thought in Hinduism that exist and thrive, these various strands are not simply doctrinally different but nearly separate faiths. Just my thoughts.
DoesItMatter
empty micro bio
05:19 PM on 01/27/2011
A very positive and motivating writeup.
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Happy Clb
03:32 PM on 01/26/2011
btw, with the supposed faithful mother worshippers' attacks on me regarding my supposed vitriolic...

i didn't know about the caste system, contemporary hinduism and how it relates everyday life until i wanted to expand from my zen meditation background.

i went on 3 years of study on hindu and other scriptures that influenced my background specifically within the female manifestation. i ended up being an executive assistant to the top swami in the western hemisphere for this particular sect of divine (mother) worship. i was the only lay person and female to ever hold that position.

my critque isn't something i pulled from books or saw as an outsider either being overly critical or overly fawning to a favorite new religion that's still shiny and fresh that i can apply to my own world.

religious texts are exquisite. i love durga, saraswati, and kali, and i have also seen first hand how religion is used to close people off or used as an excuse rather than a path to enlightment.

THIS OCCURS IN EVERY RELIGION so people on this thread who continue to make the false accusation that i'm attacking you or i'm going at you with vitriolic are the ones with completely shut minds... and in fact these are the ones making ad hominem attacks.

this is an example of how "spiritual people" go rabid.

you can go ahead and flag my comments, again, they won't be erased.
DoesItMatter
empty micro bio
05:17 PM on 01/27/2011
Ah.....the Caste system. Now are you going to talk about Cows and Curry too? Just asking.
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LintLass
"When you can balance a tackhammer on your head...
11:04 AM on 01/28/2011
Seriously, dude, I think we can see your attitude well enough here. What does *anything* you're saying here have to do with the contents of the article?

You're not being 'attacked,' it's just that if every time something Hindu or involving the Goddess appears, there's always someone harping on the caste system and or implying that Hindu nationalist militants and sectarian mean 'Hinduism's a violent religion, stop there.'

No one's making claims that India or Hinduism means 'Perfectly-righteous politics always.'

It seems to be the standards of some others to make accusations so that if criticized, themselves for *actual* regressive agendas, they can say, 'Everyone does it, look over there, be against *them,*'

India's caste system is certainly an *issue* (And one I think they're dealing with a lot more rapidly than the US has with slavery and class, on the latter point with Christianists advocating making the wealth stratification ever-worse, in fact,) ...But you haven't made a case where it's an issue of *this* thread.
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Beka13
Veni vidi vici
01:23 PM on 01/25/2011
Tara and Durga are my favorite Goddesses...My favorite aspect of Durga is that she faces even the most difficult challenges with a good sense of humor. I do my best to mimic this quality...Many people see a smile and see weakness, but only a truly strong person can stay smiling even in the face of their demons.
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SrAN
1st time proud pagan mom since May 16
03:39 PM on 01/24/2011
Thank you so much for this wonderful story and thought provoking mother/goddess figure. In a time where the ways of "man" are only digging a hole that the our kids and grandkids will never be able to climb out of it is time that many of us take a step back and figure out that doing more of the same is not going to get us anywhere. Ego's are inflated and destruction and chaos do reign. These tend to be the male dominated aspects in many polytheistic religions. Maybe it is time to stop fighting fire with fire and instead take into consideration that other aspect of everyone's nature, the feminine, to help put things back into balance. And you don't have to be Hindu in order to do this, all religions have a feminine balance in their teachings (yes even Christianity, the stories of Mary and Mary Magdalene are good examples or even Deborah, Ruth and Esther in the Old Testament). Blessed Be all, even to those who spew vitriol just because we (I say we since I am Pagan, as close to being Druid as I possibly can be) don't believe in the mainstream.
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juliedaley
Creativity Catalyst, Writer
11:40 AM on 01/24/2011
Thank you, Laura, for a beautifully written glimpse into the metaphor and archetype of Durga.

"Goddess Durga may not solve all the world's problems at the moment, but as this ancient scripture teaches, she is the impenetrable place of calm within our hearts from which we can choose actions that promote harmony and unity rather than selfish harmful acts. "

For me, this statement is the beauty of Durga. As a woman in this current-day culture, it can be hard to find my way to act in a way that promotes unity and love when much of what I see around me is simply adding to the pain and suffering of the world.

Sometimes, we need a clear image out here, to remember what is already inside...a heart that knows peace, desires harmony and is willing to courageously act to serve the greater good.
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LintLass
"When you can balance a tackhammer on your head...
12:20 PM on 01/24/2011
Yep, and in many ways that's really the point of all this: the scuffling isn't *for* much if there's nothing transformative about it. :)
01:03 PM on 01/24/2011
Thanks, Julie. Beautifully said. Yes. I too find it very helpful to navigate through my own suffering and that in the world through the aid of these myths and divine models. To me they remind me that I carry this wisdom, grace, and power within--and yet see images of divinity that reflect the women and men in my life has been very liberating.

In every moment we have a choice as to how to respond to any situation or person. We can react and create harm, or we can find ways to respond that honor the pain, struggle, whatever emotions come up and yet still respects our differences from a place of deep compassion.
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New Yorker
Roman Catholic, Anti-DEATH, Combat Vet, Sinner
08:55 AM on 01/24/2011
The Blessed Virgin Mary is the only woman worth praying to, and unlike this non-existent godess, Mary is quite Real and powerful as the Mother of Mercy. See the movie, "The 13th Day" for more information.
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virescentgirl
#BeBrave #BeYou
09:53 AM on 01/24/2011
Many would beg to differ. The Goddess is real and lives in those who know her. Just as the God is real as well. We are created in their image; there is a reason there is a female and a male, a feminine and a masculine side to things. These are reflections of the divine - female and male, goddess and god. However, I do respect your disagreement, there is no reason to insult anyone else's religion in the process. :)

Blessed Be.
01:03 PM on 01/24/2011
Blessed Be.
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LintLass
"When you can balance a tackhammer on your head...
02:34 PM on 01/24/2011
+1 Blessed Be. :)

There's also a lot more 'sides' to things than binary gender, or human form, though, of course, those are just kind of big in our attention while we're being this particular sort of 'image.'

Form is manifold, that's part of how She's real. ('the God,' too, but that's a whole other kettle of fish right about now, so to speak. :) )
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NWBrunette
Blessed Girl
10:11 AM on 01/24/2011
Actually the exact opposite of what you say is the truth.
01:44 AM on 01/24/2011
So very well written!!
01:03 PM on 01/24/2011
Thank you!
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stemcellgum
01:35 AM on 01/24/2011
Jesus, Durga, that angel from Highway to Heaven -- somebody come back and clean up all the suffering. Still waiting!
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LintLass
"When you can balance a tackhammer on your head...
08:26 AM on 01/24/2011
Who taught you that 'waiting' was the point of Gods?
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sandalwood
songs of the shamans...
03:17 PM on 01/24/2011
Since Hinduism points to an inward focus, rather than upon a creator beyond the vaulted sky, the ritual-mystical culture seeks to INVOKE these powers within people, rather than waiting for the arrival of some 'Superman', some omnipotent sky-daddy.
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Debbe Lewis
Baby, I was born this way!
12:10 AM on 01/24/2011
I'd rather invoke Kali... the goddess of death and of renewal. We need a clean slate to start from.
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12:04 AM on 01/24/2011
Awesome !!! I invoke Durga to help all mothers struggling to find peace in this world , amen.

A friend told me I was a female warrior , she said she saw me with a foot on the neck of a lover who broke my heart and a spear in my hand, ready to inflict the same injury to him. Love it , Finally
a "goddess" I can believe in.

Beauty , blessings for the insight, peace
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NWBrunette
Blessed Girl
10:13 AM on 01/24/2011
"Ready to inflict the same injury..." is hardly a step forward on the path toward the divine.
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10:48 AM on 01/24/2011
Oh ,really , you have insight into what the divine really is ? Political superiority , spiritual
superiority , it's all just a reason to feel smug . Did I inflict the same injury no ? Can I muster my inner warrior , hells yes. The dead monks of Tibet wish they had stopped the Chinese , you should learn what his Holiness went through , I will not go through the same if they knock on my door , or try to destroy my temple. And I have no political affiliation ,
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LintLass
"When you can balance a tackhammer on your head...
11:32 AM on 01/24/2011
In visions, it can be. :) Don't wanna be too literal-minded about em.

Still, I was just making a quip on another thread and made me think of Uma Thurman in yellow racing suit as Herself. "I'm going to kill... Great illusion...." :)

Not sure how far that one goes, but hey. :)
12:00 AM on 01/24/2011
Many people here seem to appear confused between the Indian notion of the divine female and that of the female sex in nature. The notion of divine male and female stems from the Indian philosophical system of Samkhya - which is basically the mother of most Indian religions and traditions. Here, the female represents "action" and the male represents the "experiencer".

Anything in nature - material, life or mind - that can be objectively classified is considered as "feminine". The Sanskrit term for it is "prakrithi". That which is beyond all these physical aspects is "purusha" - loosely translated as consciousness, but better referred to as the "experiencer".

All the gods of Hinduism are aspects of Prakrithi. Any female goddess is simply an aspect - an action, a thought, a dream etc. But any male deity refers to the "purusha as reflected in prakrithi" - as an actor, thinker, dreamer etc.

In this metaphysics, the mother goddess is logically the root of it all. Durga represents Prakrithi in its entirety. This includes both male and female sexes in nature.
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Happy Clb
11:11 PM on 01/23/2011
that's highly idealized.

i think it's safe to say that there are many problems with how women are treated in india who also happen to be hindu.

there's that whole caste thing and a dowry system of marriage that makes infant girls unwanted and as a side effect there's a high female infanticide rate. there is extreme violence there - hindu militants... and regional problems (kashmir and pakistan).

i could go on. every region, country, ethnic group, and religious group has its problems and those problems look very similar to other groups' problems from outside groups, but done up with different spices.
02:51 AM on 01/24/2011
The fundamental flaw with arguments like this is that it ignores one thing completely: Economics.

40%-60% of India lives below the poverty line. I could go on with more statistics but your image of India should be sub-saharan Africa, not China, certainly not Europe.

Under these conditions belief systems rarely matter. They don't put food in your mouth, but crime, child labour does. Dowry, Caste are not Hindu traditions anyway. They exist throughout Asia and the middle east. Let's not derail this into a social-political blog.
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Happy Clb
03:22 AM on 01/24/2011
huh? if you don't want to derail this in to a socio-political thing why does you comment start off with "Economics"

my first sentence, " there are many problems with how women are treated in india WHO ALSO HAPPEN to be hindu." i didn't say these things were happening BECAUSE they were hindu.

then i went on to say that every region, country, ethnic groups... has its problems... look similar... but done with different spices.

you should actually read what i wrote. my comment was not an argument and it doesn't state anything you claim it to state.

your comment on the otherhand... i could easily slice and dice that into a million pieces, but why bother. i have better things to do.
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Beka13
Veni vidi vici
01:34 PM on 01/25/2011
So what you are saying is that Men have used religion to impose slavery onto a huge percentage of the population? That is not only a Hindu problem, but it is a problem that a modern India needs to address.
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rlcapps
03:35 AM on 01/24/2011
The Caste system is much more pervasive in the US, though it is unspoken. We have a ruling class within a heirarchy of subclasses that, because of the limitatons set upon these classes by the American institution, are very hard to move freely through. You will always have problems like the ones you talk about with any religion or belief in things that can't be proven but there are religions who do more harm than others. Not all religions are equal. How many Hindu suicide bombers are there compared with Islam?
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Happy Clb
03:43 AM on 01/24/2011
i think we can agree to disagree on the caste system being worse in the u.s. i think there's a political class, yes, and an economic hierarchy in the u.s. the indoctrination into those areas could include going to one of the indoctrination schools (ivy league) or making enough money to join the club. that to me says there's more mobility.

if you want to look at what the hindu militants have been doing at recess, google "hindu militants india".