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Leo Hindery, Jr.

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China Trade: A 'Target Rich Environment.' Now, It's American Auto Parts

Posted: 03/20/2012 9:53 am

The post-Crash intervention by the Obama administration in mid-2009 in righting the General Motors and Chrysler ships was an extraordinary example of ideal cooperation between industry and government. And anyone who argues against it ignores the realities of the surrounding financial marketplace, which at the time offered absolutely no luxury of time and no market-available means of restructuring these two companies so integral to the American economy. A cascade into bankruptcy or liquidation by GM and Chrysler -- with Ford following in their wake -- would have led to the immediate loss of hundreds of thousands of jobs, with disastrous effect throughout the nation, but especially in Michigan, Ohio and Indiana where employees directly and (with the multiplier effect) indirectly associated with motor vehicle manufacturing (autos, parts and tires) account for around 8 percent of total non-farm employment (of 11.9 mm).

For a decade, many of us have been calling on the White House -- first, Mr. Bush's, and now, Mr. Obama's -- to demand that the U.S. have a formal national all-of-government Manufacturing Policy to rival the Policies of our major trading partners. If such a Policy had been in place in mid-2009, the appropriateness of and the mechanisms for restructuring the auto manufacturing industry would have been more obvious to all and the "prove-it-to-me" naysayers would not still be arguing, even today, over either the clear imperative or the now very obvious positive outcomes of the ultimate effort.

But the continuing absence of such a Policy has left stranded, so to speak, many thousands of the 1.6 million combined direct and indirect jobs in the auto industry related to parts and tire manufacturing. The overall motor vehicle manufacturing sector is the second-largest employer among all U.S. manufacturing industries, and parts and tire manufacturing contribute the most direct jobs (two-thirds or more), of which many are now at grave risk of being offshored, especially to China.

Despite the Obama administration's highly successful reorganization of the end-of-the-line manufacturing companies (GM, Chrysler and, indirectly, Ford) -- which has eliminated, at least for Chrysler and GM, the roughly $2,000-a-car cost disadvantage that these companies previously had due to high legacy costs, specifically wages and retiree benefits -- a large number of employees, in the tens and tens of thousands, are still jeopardized by often unfair trade policies.

In laymen's terms, the vital link between the growth of automobile production jobs and automobile parts jobs has been broken: the direct manufacturers are recovering, but the parts companies are still shrinking, with significant continued threat to our ongoing economic recovery. The Obama administration now needs to use its authority and capabilities, within the limits of global trade and trade-related agreements, to protect these jobs as well.

The realities associated with this unfair and often illegal overseas competition need to be fully understood before solutions can be crafted and applied.

Right now, China, in accordance with its "Twelfth 5-Year Plan" and the Plan's stated commitment to promote all aspects of its domestic auto industry, indisputably favors its own domestic auto parts industry in ways that are in direct violation of commitments it made when it officially joined the WTO in December 2001. Evidence of this includes:

  • The Chinese government's subsidy of auto parts for export into the U.S. market -- according to EPI, to the tune of a staggering 27.5 billion just since 2001 -- while using its draconian "Indigenous Innovation Act" to effectively limit imports from America parts manufacturers into its markets. In those few instances when an American supplier is allowed access to Chinese purchasers, the American company has to set up shop in China and transfer its proprietary technology, i.e., its "intellectual property".
  • China's imposition of restraints on the export of key raw materials -- especially the so-called 'rare earth' minerals -- needed for high-end parts production. The industry and the nation can take a lot of comfort from President Obama's resolve just last week to attack these restraints head on by bringing, along with Japan and certain of our European allies, a trade case solely directed at China's rare earth minerals trade practices, which today have China controlling more than 95 percent of the globe's overall trading in these vital commodities.

The results of these aggressive actions -- which can't be any surprise to anyone -- are that imports of Chinese auto parts into the U.S. have increased by 25 percent in only the last two years and, even more sobering because it confirms a now seemingly irreversible trend, the U.S. trade deficit with China in auto parts has increased an almost unbelievable 900 percent since 2000.

Thankfully, there are solutions to this trade imbalance-cum-nightmare, and if everyone would simply acknowledge that it is indeed a "nightmare," they are solutions which are eminently achievable.

  • To start, the Obama administration needs to take action, under WTO, against China's unfair auto parts export practices, exactly as he has just proposed doing related to rare earth metals.
  • President Obama needs to insist that the American auto parts industry be a priority consideration of the recently announced Interagency Trade Enforcement Center that he established to police trade compliance.
  • As in the same way that President Obama, with great leadership, recently signed into law the legislation (SB 2135/HR 4105) that allows for countervailing duties on subsidized goods imported into the U.S. from China and Vietnam, he needs to ignore the thinly veiled threats of the Chinese government regarding auto parts..
  • Congress needs to enact the Reciprocal Market Access Act, the bipartisan legislation sponsored in the House by Representatives Louise Slaughter (D-NY) and Walter Jones (R-NC) as HR 1749 and in the Senate by Senators Sherrod Brown (D-OH) and Kay R. Hagan (D-NC) as SB 1766. The Reciprocal Market Access Act would immediately break down the 'barrier' which exists between traditional tariff barriers and the increasingly much larger non-tariff barriers (NTBs) (such as China's oppressive and illegal 'buy Chinese' purchasing requirements) that prevent fair market access by American suppliers, and it would give our government -- triggered by either a private sector or Congressional request -- the automatic negotiated right to revoke concessions made to a trading partner if it doesn't implement the commitments it made to us.
  • Finally, in order to put a stop to the theft of American intellectual property, Congress also needs to adopt former U.S. Senator Slade Gorton's (R-WA) recommendation last year to the U.S. China Economic and Security Review Commission that the U.S. impose tariffs equivalent to 150 percent of the estimated annual IP losses suffered by American companies.


Some would say that we are making appropriate progress in trade reform, and that it's time to slow down a bit. Yes we are progressing, but I, for one, am not satisfied that it is yet the degree of progress we need -- and the Sword of Damocles hanging over the American auto parts manufacturing industry proves the point.

My mantra continues to be that we still need to take a much more pro-active stance in trade in order to better balance the nationalistic economic policies and mercantilist practices of our trading partners with our own trading rights as a nation. And this stance will pretty obviously not come from either of the two remaining major Republican candidates for President. Governor Romney, after first stating that America's Big Three car manufacturers could go bankrupt for all he cared, further showed his true colors by opposing relief for tire workers in the U.S. when that industry faced a verifiably unfair increase in Chinese imports. And Senator Santorum believes tax cuts alone are sufficient to keep the entirety of the overall automobile industry prospering here at home, no matter what unfair behaviors our overseas trading partners adopt.

American-made products can compete globally just fine, thank you -- their manufacturers only need to be in fair fights in order for these products to do so.

Leo Hindery Jr. is chair of the US Economy/Smart Globalization Initiative at the New America Foundation, co-chair (with USW President Leo Gerard) of The Task Force on Jobs Creation, founder of Jobs First 2012, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He is the former CEO of AT&T Broadband and its predecessors, Tele-Communications, Inc. and Liberty Media, and is currently an investor in media companies.

 

Follow Leo Hindery, Jr. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/leohindery

The post-Crash intervention by the Obama administration in mid-2009 in righting the General Motors and Chrysler ships was an extraordinary example of ideal cooperation between industry and government.
The post-Crash intervention by the Obama administration in mid-2009 in righting the General Motors and Chrysler ships was an extraordinary example of ideal cooperation between industry and government.
 
 
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12:48 PM on 03/24/2012
Older article... mid 2000's but points out the issues that are now getting far worse. The challenges of doing business with a huge competitor that will just blatantly steal any technology they can get their hands on.
http://www.pwc.com/en_US/us/technology-innovation-center/assets/ipr-web_x.pdf

Also.. perfect example of what I am talking about - multiply this by thousands to understand how we have developed a 250 billion a year trade deficit with China:
Chinese Copycats
Massachusetts-based American Superconductor (AMSC) makes
advanced electronic systems for wind turbines. In the spring of 2011,
AMSC’s biggest customer, Chinese wind turbine giant Sinovel, began
refusing to accept and pay for AMSC’s product shipments. In June, AMSC
found out why—its engineers in China discovered a near perfect knockoff
of AMSC’s proprietary control software in a Sinovel wind turbine.
Sinovel claims that AMSC’s products no longer meet Chinese regulations.
But legal experts note that Chinese companies often cite Chinese regulations
as a pretext when they’ve stolen what they’re after and want to
abandon a no-longer-needed Western technology partner.41
12:44 PM on 03/24/2012
@Zhuubaajie I also know that you are trolling today and will answer with your 100% pro China baloney, and I know you are just trying to make a living posting for the Chinese propaganda machine, but I will not be answering your posts anymore so feel free to fire away - waste of my time to have discussions with someone who cannot objectively step back and view this whole situation with a balanced point of view. Anyone reading your posts can see that you are incapable of listening and assessing the true situation with your love of everything China.
12:40 PM on 03/24/2012
Excellent article.. IT is high time that the United States started dealing with China in a way that enforces Fair Trade, rather than Free Trade. A country like China cannot continue to manipulate and cheat with its currency (30% instance advantage), steal intellectual and technology outright, force American companies to partner up and set up shop in China to have the right to enter that market, ignore blatant abuses by its companies in stealing and using American and other technology in its products etc etc (Huawei)... without consequences.
Here is an excellent gameplan with some good ideas:
http://content.thirdway.org/publications/483/Third_Way_Report_-_China_s_Trade_Barrier_Playbook.pdf
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muysuave41
Spanish Olive Oil Producer
12:45 AM on 03/21/2012
There are those with high profiles who insist any tariff is bad and should be avoided. They utter such nonsense because their jobs are not on the line. Raise those tariffs!
04:28 PM on 03/21/2012
HOW MANY are affected by tariffs? 314,000,000.

How many don't have jobs?

No it is not nonsense. It is an issue that affect everyone's pocketbook. If you say higher prices don't matter, you are demanding that society chip in and subsidize to create noncompetitive, make-work jobs. Surely not a way to improve American efficiencies.

America is NOT COMPETITIVE because Americans chose (or at least tolerate) to have much higher levels of rules and regulations. Example - manufacturer that is trying to move to new facilities, and add a bunch of new jobs. Leased the building. Started buildouts. Oops, ADA requires that the access slope be 2 degrees rather than 5 degrees. Now you have to get an ADA conversant architect that is willing to sign off, and more permits and approvals, etc., etc., and the project is delayed even further, ad nauseum. Then 2 out of 10 employees who left, sued (worker's comp., discrimination, etc., etc.).

It IS much easier to build and run a plant in China or any of a large number of other countries. No amount of tariff is going to change that.
05:32 PM on 03/21/2012
Raising tariffs will just move the jobs to another low cost country - the chance of those jobs going back to America is slim. BUT one result is for sure - PRICES RISE for the consumers. Moreover, it is almost certain that there WILL be tit for tat reactions, thereby reducing American exports and kill good paying American export jobs. Net result - LOSE LOSE.

If the goal is to have jobs, invite in foreign investments to do exports. Who would be better qualified to sell into foreign markets than those who already know the language and customs, and consumer preferences, and who have the connections to make things happen? Also, reform the export control list - if America only sells what is commonly available on the international markets, it could easily be another $100 Billion a year in exports. Most Chinese companies have expressed the wish to buy American rather than Japanese or German, if the products are available at the same prices.

Make the pie bigger and everyone can benefit.
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muysuave41
Spanish Olive Oil Producer
12:36 AM on 03/22/2012
Utter babble and you obviously don't understand what goes on in your own country. Countries raise tarifs all the time including China and they don't lose jobs. Get your facts straight before posting.
11:39 PM on 03/20/2012
If you go out looking for a trade war, you will find one. Tariffs on solar panels would just beget more of same coming back. Beijing can very well delve into the $7.77 Trillion in low and no cost loans to the American financial industry, and impose punitive surcharges just like Commerce did. The rationale would be the same, except to a much higher degree - since no other nation on Earth has the wherewithal to subsidize any industry or combination of industries to the tune of $7 or 8 Trillion dollars. Only America could.

And what is good must be universal. If it is righteous for America to subsidize its major auto companies (they are not called Government Motors for nothing), according to Hindery, then all the alleged subsidies by Beijing could not be faulted.
05:11 PM on 03/20/2012
Where a government manipulates the value of its curency to keep it artificially low (thus in effect subsidising exports), as China is doing, we need to impose duties that will start at the percentage by which the currency is undervalued and increase year by year until the pracise of currency manipulation is seen to be counterproductive and abandoned.
11:50 PM on 03/20/2012
@skeehanson5990:

You are simply wrong. For the entire decade, America was and is the largest manipulator of its currency, seeking to welch on debts, to pay less on what is owed, by depreciating the value of its currency by massive printing of currency, rapidly ramping up its debts like there is no tomorrow. The only thing that Beijing did was to attempt to stabilize the RMB against the dollar, to bring stability to world trade.

Yes, demonstrate to the world the ultimate stupidity and do raise tariffs. WHO pays tariffs? Americans, or the Chicoms? Exports to America is today 15% of the total exports for China, and about 70% of the exports from China to America is done by American companies. Talk about picking up that rock and dropping it on your toes!!
12:52 PM on 03/24/2012
Excellent point. Treat China exactly as it has been treating others starting NOW!!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
vkmo
03:57 PM on 03/20/2012
When buying auto parts, look where they are made. You can then make a decision on whether to buy them if they are made in Communist red china!!
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realsurfin
Pardon me, can you help out a fellow American
02:41 PM on 03/20/2012
I agree.. you want free trade... fine. Jobs will be lost... but it should not be one sided while the other side stacks the deck in its favor at every turn. While protecting its own workers at the expense of American workers.
11:05 AM on 03/20/2012
We lost our vehicle manufacturing and most other manufacturing so if were not in the conversation about getting these jobs you can get on the next bus out of town or better yet use the GSP an pay a toll.
11:01 AM on 03/20/2012
You rarely hear about helping NJ with manufacturing jobs so why preach to us about only those areas you seem to have a prefferance for?
10:58 AM on 03/20/2012
Does any of this benefit older unemployed people in NJ if not get on bread line like everyone else.
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10:49 AM on 03/20/2012
Please let's stop yammering about the valuation of the yuan and look at China's criminal trade policies.
12:07 PM on 03/20/2012
The two issues go hand in hand. Artificial undervaluation of the yuan is part of China's criminal trade policy.
05:16 PM on 03/20/2012
You believe that the (mis)evaluation of the yuan is not part of Cina's criminal trade policies.? It happens to be one of the clearest and most easily delt with. Dealing with that and with other parts of the problem aren't incompatibne, you know.
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09:02 PM on 03/20/2012
The yuan has been appreciating and the dollar depreciating so that the under-valuation is down by two-thirds from a few years ago. Every country manipulates is currency to soem extent. Theft and extortion of intellectual property are more uniquely Chinese.