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Lisa Miller

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In Search of Heaven

Posted: 04/19/10 12:42 PM ET

Of course I believed in heaven as a child. Every weekend, driving up to our country house in Vermont, I'd gaze out the window from the backseat of the family car and see the shape of God in the clouds. But I am a skeptic, a rationalist, and over time my childish imaginings gave way to disbelief. Heaven -- the hallmark card version, with people floating on clouds wearing wings and halos, the dead living "up there" as they did in life -- made no sense to me.

Not long after 9/11 I wrote a cover story for Newsweek called "Visions of Heaven." The theological conundrum it posed was this one: all suicide bombers think they're going to heaven. They imagine that they are martyrs who will be rewarded in Paradise for their heroism and sacrifice. The victims' families insist that their beloved ones are martyrs who, too, ascend immediately to God. Yet this puzzle makes no sense. Are there multiple heavens -- some for assassinated innocents and some for suicide bombers? Is heaven a true fact? Or is it based in individualistic conceptions that evolve through history and culture?

Reporting this story helped me sketch out some of the basic questions about heaven, questions that have haunted believers for millennia. Is heaven a "real place" or is it an idea, a metaphor? If real, what does it look like? A city? A garden? A banquet? Do we keep our bodies in heaven? And if so, do we do the things that bodies do: eat, drink, make love? Are we recognizable as ourselves? Do we have identities? Or are we disembodied spirits who achieve some mysterious union with a universal spirit?

And so I decided to write a book, which came out last month: Heaven: Our Enduring Fascination with the Afterlife.

I had no idea, when I entered this project, how massive it would be: there are as many ideas about heaven as people who imagine it. Great scholarly overviews on the subject have been written, notably Heaven: A History, by Colleen McDannell and Bernhard Lang, and Life After Death: A History of the Afterlife in Western Religion by Alan F. Segal. Other scholars have broken off important parts of the heaven problem and written books about resurrection, the ancient world, salvation theory, utopian societies, spiritualism, the intersection of science and heaven, the Reformation, afterlife visions, cremation, and Muslim afterlife beliefs. Heaven has been painted, written, or sung about by Dante, Milton, Botticelli, Michelangelo, Tintoretto, Mark Twain, Seamus Heaney, Emily Dickinson, New Yorker cartoonists, David Byrne, Albert Brooks, Bruce Springsteen, the Winans and Alice Sebold. And then, of course, there are the visions given to us by Scripture and tradition. Our own individual visions are aggregations of all of these; sometimes our imaginings are ours alone.

The only way through all this material, I decided, was to get personal. And so I wrote a book with myself as the protagonist. Not a memoir, exactly, but a sorting and discussing of the main themes in the heaven conversation by someone -- me -- who wants to believe, a skeptical, observant Jew who happens to write and report about religion for a living. I spoke not just to dozens of scholars but to everyday believers and clerics, trying to find for myself visions of heaven that worked, inspired, provoked. This makes for an idiosyncratic book. It is not comprehensive (I don't include a section on Milton, for example); it is not definitive. I don't claim to know where heaven is or what it looks like. But it does, I hope, offer useful, complex images and ideas about heaven that people can chew on. For if 80 percent of Americans tell pollsters they believe in heaven, it might be useful for them to know a little bit about what they mean.

Click here for a conversation about heaven among leading clerics and scholars, from the Washington Post's "On Faith." And click here to view a Q&A between me and the Washington Post's Sally Quinn.

 
 
 
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
tootsie1
12:56 AM on 05/02/2010
I suggest you read the Urantia Book...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
INTUITE
07:02 PM on 04/28/2010
Heaven: What age will you be there? An infant dies at age 5 minutes, what age will he be? Does aging happen in heaven? What sex will you be, maybe asexual. If required to listen to harps for an eternity, most would want to never arrive. After sixty six trillion years it dawns on you that this is nothing compared to an eternal life, bored yet. Does time even exist. You arrive in heaven at age 87, your body racked by disease, now what? Is there a given age that all will be, both the 5 minute child and 87 year old? What about all the inventions since the multi million year time spand of man, as each is invented is it exported to heaven? What if you are denied video games, dancing with the stars, Big Macs, smoking; whatever, will you still be happy?

This is the tip of the endless list of questions that could be asked. Jesus arose to heaven on a cloud, are planes going through it each time they land and take off. Last one!
08:02 PM on 04/27/2010
Isn't heaven in toon town where Roger Rabbit and Jessica live?
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emmanuel goldstein
Have you had your two minutes today?
11:16 PM on 04/26/2010
The afterlife is whatever you make of your life in this life. If you fill your life with helping others and beauty, you will find friends and beauty on the other side. If you fill your life with meaningless crap, or hatred, that is what you will have on the other side. We are all the dreams of god, and dying will be a lot like waking up. Only instead of finding yourself a day older in the realm of death and decay, you will be your idea of whatever age you wish to be forever. Life is a preparation for what comes next. A place to figure out what you like and don't like, what things are good, and which bad, before you move on to non-material realms. Atheist scientists work to understand this universe, which is important because we will need that knowledge on the other side. Oh, and The Bible only has a small piece of the puzzle, so do many other religious texts, from many other religions.
09:38 PM on 04/26/2010
Heaven is the light in my children's eyes.
12:42 PM on 04/25/2010
That cloud looks like Conan.
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countryrds
peace is the solution
07:01 PM on 04/24/2010
Heaven..........the very absolute best you can imagine. Right now.....cherry vanilla ice cream and Prairie Home Companion, but then again I am easy to please. :-)
06:30 AM on 04/25/2010
The Quran will give you a good description but one will still have to be there to see it. Everyone will be the same age, living in huge mansions surrounded by gardens with rivers flowing underneath. One will not age, food and luxuries will be in abundance. Each person will have many companions. The comparison of earth and paradise is similar to waking up from a dream. When one is resurrected on the day of Judgment, one's sojourn on earth would feel like it was similar to a dream relatively speaking.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
AbrahamSadegh
02:44 PM on 04/25/2010
Where exactly did you get all this information about Ouran's descripton of heaven?

Suggestions:

Hope for the best regarding the afterlife and then do not waste another ounce wave or particle of energy worrying about what takes place after we die. Just love your neighbour as you love yourself and let's take each day as a miniature life.
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mjeffn
Freedom's just another word 4 nothing left to lose
04:56 PM on 04/24/2010
"Is heaven a true fact?"

If that question can't be proven false then it certainly can't be true.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
knerd
Trapped in a world he never made
04:14 PM on 04/23/2010
The coming/already present Kingdom of God revealed by Jesus' words and actions had nothing to do with an afterlife. Poverty, exploitation and hypocrisy were his concern. Apparently he assumed that Heaven was just fine and dandy and could take care of itself. After all, he once said he had seen Satan "fall like lightning" from the sky.

In the very prayer he taught to his followers, the Kingdom and the will of God be done "on earth," not in heaven. Heaven's in good shape.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ManuOB1
A voice crying in the wilderness
04:02 PM on 04/23/2010
I search for a masterpiece, a sculpture, a symphony, a work of art or architectural marvel inspired by atheism. Works of charity, hospitals, Twelve Step programs, food pantries, homeless shelters? Atheists seem to have produced what they believe in.
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emmanuel goldstein
Have you had your two minutes today?
10:49 PM on 04/26/2010
#1 - "Twelve Step programs" are BS, and usually do more harm then good. They are faith-based organizations which require a person to give themselves over to a higher power, so of course there are no atheist 12 step progrmas.

#2) Atheists have invented many things which are a boon to society. Since a large number of scientists are atheist, we can thank atheists for many of the medicines, advancements in robotics and prosthetics, engineering, food production, space travel......

and I'm not an atheist BTW.
12:47 PM on 04/23/2010
No gods, demons, telepaths, mentalist , devils
supernatural agents of any kind.
no theme park in the sky.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
ManuOB1
A voice crying in the wilderness
03:55 PM on 04/23/2010
Boring.
07:55 AM on 04/23/2010
google the Book of Noah explains all. And I am not surprised not in the Bible. But was found also in the dead sea scrolls.
07:52 AM on 04/23/2010
Heaven is where the fullness of peace dwells. God flooded the earth in Noah time, because, God said. He was sorry he created man. God did not create weapons, man did, they served their own flesh first and worshiped not God, but the one who destroys all goodness.

In Heaven there is peace. Because God dwells there. God's spiritual character is all good. Peace dwells within all that God is. We, as humans are always at war within the ev1l of ourselves. When we learn to conquer the ev1l wars within our own spiritual character first, then we to, can give what is good. And peace will live among us. For one, cannot give, what one, does not have first himself. Greed feeds the ev1l, which destroys.
12:19 AM on 04/23/2010
Heaven would be a place where people stopped killing each other because they believed in something other than their version of "God". Heaven would be a place where we put our efforts into making the only world that really exists a better one.
07:43 PM on 04/22/2010
My Post Judeo-Christian series

IF IGNORANCE OF NATURE GAVE BIRTH TO GODS, KNOWLEDGE OF NATURE IS MADE FOR THEIR DESTRUCTION.
-- Percy Bysshe Shelley, The Necessity of Atheism

Ninety nine percent of our best biologist reject the Delusion - but not 100%.

OUR LATEST SURVEY FINDS THAT, AMONG THE TOP NATURAL SCIENTISTS, DISBELIEF IS GREATER THAN EVER — ALMOST TOTAL.

We found the highest percentage of belief among NAS mathematicians (14.3% in God, 15.0% in immortality).

Biological scientists had the lowest rate of belief (5.5% in God, 7.1% in immortality), with physicists and astronomers slightly higher (7.5% in God, 7.5% in immortality).

http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/news/file002.html

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v394/n6691/full/394313a0_fs.html

http://ncseweb.org/rncse/18/2/do-scientists-really-reject-god

http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/sci_relig.htm