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Louis A. Ruprecht, Jr.

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Good Friday Christianity

Posted: 04/06/2012 1:11 pm

One of the least remarked aspects of the early Christian reporting of Jesus's death by crucifixion is the following:

Jesus let out a great cry and expired. And the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom Seeing this, the centurion who was standing near him when he expired said "Truly, this man was the Son of God." (Mark 15: 37-39)

Make no mistake about the implications here: a Roman soldier presiding over this ghastly execution was converted to the correct view about Jesus by observing the way he died, not by seeing him raised from death. There was something about the death of Jesus that was unique, and even revelatory, according to Mark.

That was not Paul's view of the matter, by all accounts. The epistolary Apostle goes so far as to say that if Jesus were not raised from death, then the Christian faith is literally nothing more than a vanity.

If there is no rising of the dead, then Christ has not been raised either; and if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching has been vain and your faith has been vain. (First Corinthians 15: 13-14)

The consensus view is that Paul's letters were written in the mid-to late 50s, whereas Mark's Gospel was written right around 70 C.E., after the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Temple by centurions very much like the one he describes observing Jesus's death.

Some important implications of this dating are the following. It could be the case that Mark was responding directly to Paul's claims in this letter. It could be the case that he had never heard Paul speak, nor ever read this letter. It could be the case that Mark was responding to the kind of beliefs articulated by Paul in his First Letter to the Corinthians, whether Paul was the original author of such views or simply one especially vocal proponent of them.

What is not in doubt is that the death of Jesus on a Roman cross represented a scandal with which all of his early followers had to deal. They dealt with it in many ways. We are witnessing a very significant fault-line here within the foundational texts of the New Testament, a fault-line that calls into question both the nature of Jesus's death and its ultimate meaning. It's a major theological parting of the ways, a parting easy to miss because it's all contained in the same Scripture, point for point and book for book.

Let's call it the parting of the ways between Good Friday Christianity and the Easter Sunday version.

Other Gospel writers tried to split the difference between these two versions, the one emphasizing the revelatory power of Jesus's death versus the other emphasizing the revelatory power of being raised from death. According to Matthew, a number of "saints" were raised from their graves in the same moment that the Temple curtain split and Jesus expired; it was the vision of tombs opening that caused the centurion to draw his dramatic conclusion abut Jesus (Matthew 27: 52-54). According to Luke, when the centurion saw Jesus breath his last, he concluded that the Roman authorities had made a mistake: "Surely this man was innocent!" (Luke 23:47), he says.

Because of all this confusion over the details of Jesus's dying and rising, it is worth taking a closer look at Mark's brand of Good Friday Christianity. It presents us with a shattering vision, in every way.

It all began in the Garden of Gethsemane, on the night when Jesus's ministry begins to come unraveled. We are told that Judas had decided to betray his teacher, and Jesus clearly has some sense of this as well. He prays to God, reminding his heavenly father than anything is possible to God, even delivering him from the coming trial. He begs to be so delivered; he is not. Instead, the disciples he asked to stand guard and stand their ground fail him. First they fall asleep, three times; later they flee. Jesus, suddenly powerless, is swallowed up by an imposing crowd and spirited away. His disciples will not see him again.

Jesus was tortured physically and emotionally, humiliated in a way that far exceeds the merits of the case or the normal practices of Roman centurions in their provinces. Mark spares no detail, no matter how horrible. Utterly abandoned and alone, Jesus is even mocked by the two men who were crucified alongside of him; this is another of those details that is easy to miss, but horrible to imagine. (Luke could not stomach this; in his version, one man mocks Jesus, whereas the other defends him, and Jesus promises that they will meet later in paradise, Luke 23: 43). Jesus's final words are a quotation from Psalm 22, one of David's purest anguish-songs: "My God, my God, why have you abandoned me?" (Mark 15: 15:34). Then he expired (Luke couldn't bear this detail either; in his version, Jesus's last words are "Father, into your hands I commit my spirit," Luke 23: 46).

Mark makes a point of telling us that Jesus's disciples failed him repeatedly in the end, and failed even to be present at his death. This is shocking. Only some women who had followed him from the Galilee remained: Mary Magdalene, his mother Mary (she is called "the mother of James and Joses," but since Mark earlier tells us that these were names of two of Jesus' brothers, Mark 6:3, this seems like a coded reference to Jesus's own mother), and Salome. These three women stand with Jesus until the end, then presumably also witnessed the centurion's conversion to the correct view of things.

They also saw an unknown man who was favorably disposed to Jesus's teaching, Joseph of Arimathea, take responsibility for Jesus's corpse, and arrange for it to be buried in a nearby grave. That is why it was these three women who returned to that gravesite the next day to dress out Jesus's body properly, as they had not had time to do the day before, in the whirl of violent Roman events.

That is when they find the stone at the mouth of the cave rolled away, and a mysterious man inside who informs them that "he is not here," but rather has gone on ahead of them, returning to Galilee. They are ordered to return with this amazing news to the disciples, and especially to Peter, "but they said nothing to anyone, for they were afraid" (Mark 16: 8).

That is how Mark's Gospel originally ended; all of the most ancient manuscripts end there. It isn't the case that Mark doesn't know of Jesus's rising; in Mark's Gospel, Jesus himself predicted it three times. Mark knows of the rising, but Mark does not want to show it to us. That's Easter Sunday Christianity, not the Good Friday version. Mark's Gospel is designed as a tragedy, and it ends as one.

(By the way, when Paul reminds his audience in Corinth that he has reported what was reported to him, he makes no mention of these three women. According to Paul, Jesus appeared after his rising to Peter, then to the twelve [whether this included Judas is not clear], then to five hundred people all at once, then to James, then to all the apostles, and then in the end, to Paul himself on the Damascus road, First Corinthians 15:3-8).

Of course the main question is, Why? Mark's Jesus expires with that question on his lips. Why would Mark tell the story this way? Who is he trying to convince? And how could he think this brutal story would be convincing to anyone?

There are several answers to this question, but the first one Mark answers pretty clearly in the passage with which I began. Mark thinks this way of telling Jesus's story, the Good Friday version, will be convincing to Romans. The centurion who witnessed Jesus's death did not need to see his rising to be convinced. Jesus' death convinced him. The Roman audience Mark had in mind was schooled on Greek tragedy, and was very familiar with the idea that certain kinds of outrageous suffering can actually be redeeming. Salvation, in these peoples's view, was through suffering, not from it.

Jesus's unique suffering is what Mark urges us to consider, and never to forget.

If you tell the story of Good Friday merely as a prelude to Easter morning, then it is impossible to feel its raw power. Mark takes us as close to catastrophe and the heart of human suffering as a writer can go. Mark leaves us there, insists that we look more closely at the details of the thing. Really he is trying to make us feel it, ever and anew. That seems to be what the yearly commemoration of Jesus's dying meant to Mark and his followers. And clearly, his Gospel is also a warning to anyone who confidently concludes that martyrdom is the surest path for the follower of Jesus to secure salvation. It was not easy for Jesus, Mark insists; it will be not any easier for you. All of Jesus's disciples failed him in the end, every one. Romanticizing death, whether Jesus' or his followers', is the most tragic mistake the Christian community can make, in Mark's judgment.

Good Friday Christianity was one important aspect of the early Christian movement, and it remains an important undercurrent in many more contemporary representations of Christian witness. Dietrich Bonhoeffer spoke in these tragic tones when imprisoned by the Nazis; he wrote some remarkable letters in the Good Friday spirit before he was killed in prison. Dr. Martin Luthe King Jr. Preached a remarkable sermon in the spirit of Good Friday the night before he was assassinated. Cornel West, echoing his amanuensis, has made Good Friday Christianity, spiced with a liberal dose of his tragicomic blues sensibility, the very centerpiece of an activist, Afro-American Gospel. Such a liturgical sense of the Gospel's tragic heart is alive and well in the Greek church, these days more than most.

Good Friday is celebrated -- or rather, commemorated -- in somber ritual tones in churches the world over, for the western churches it takes place this week, and for the eastern churches on the next. Mark is its premier evangelist. On this Friday, if on any day, it is Mark's shattered and shattering Gospel that demands close Christian attention, before we move up and away from it to the joyous epiphany of Sunday morning. Good Friday Christianity puts the agony in the ecstasy, insisting that there is no other way.

 
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michelesda
My micro-bio is empty.
05:00 PM on 04/09/2012
Pretty literalistically naive reading of scripture. This isn't a blog, it's a sermon.
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Claude Hosch
A single bracelet does not jingle
06:51 PM on 04/08/2012
What makes Mark's gospel more accurate to the Professor than the others? So, Peter didn't follow after the arrest and deny him; Jesus sidn't say, while on the cross to John: "behold, thy mother."

Why is Mark's account used if the Professor believes he was not there? "Suspicion has risen from its slumber."
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kodimirpal
teacher
03:26 AM on 04/08/2012
By the concept of Unity of Being God is one and ONLY, there is no God's son or incarnation.The idea of Jesus is Apparenticism.

God the Creator and Jesus the Created are different in form and in substance.

Christians mix up the substance and accident and call it by the confounding concept Trinity..

Existence is common both in God and in the universe and this has led non-Muslim mystics to conclude that God means the Universe.

But the Ultimate Reality is still far away. As every human has a soul, the Universe has a soul, it is like the relation that the embryo has with its mother .When both are mixed up with each other.

Some religious philosophers think there is unity between God and His creations, but in Islam most philosophers assert that, that Unity between Jesus and the Creator of Jesus is not real.

They say that human intellect can reach what they call the universal soul but it can not move a step further and so we say God is incomparable and unfathomable. God is not the Universe, the Ultimate reality is still very, very far away. However the Quran says, Jesus is close to God but he is not the God..

Jesus is the Incarnation of God Himself which was a great ignorance and folly according to islam. People took the shadow of reality as Reality itself.
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ILoveTheUSofA
BREAKING NEWS: There is no God.
11:00 AM on 04/09/2012
Except that Muhammad never said God was "unfathomable" - in fact he indicated quite the opposite every time he claimed to have received another "message" straight from Allah. To "fathom" something means to get to the bottom of it - and Muhammad was able to get right to the bottom of Allah's opinion on any issue, no matter how trivial, whenever he wanted, just by receiving another "revelation."
02:00 AM on 04/08/2012
It is about time people are learning to count!
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Abdul-Halim Vazquez
06:25 PM on 04/07/2012
For me one of the weirdest mysteries of Mark's gospel is the naked guy who appears in Gethsemane. Does anyone know who he is?

Mark 14
[51] And a young man followed him, with nothing but a linen cloth about his body; and they seized him,
[52] but he left the linen cloth and ran away naked.
11:01 AM on 04/07/2012
"Good Friday Christianity pust the agony in the esctasy, instisting that there is no other way." Hardly. John came preaching repentance and baptism for the forgiveness of sins. Jesus showed that he approved of this method by coming for baptism himself, and then starting a ministry just like John's. We are told, in the gospels, that Jesus made and baptized more desciples than John (it is quite odd that we never actually hear Jesus call for those hearing his message to be baptized), and that he sent his followers to do the same even before his death. So if one's sins could be forgiven through repentance and baptizm before the death and resurrection of Jesus, and if repentance and baptizm are still required for one to be forgiven of their sins even after the death and resurrection of Jesus, it would seem that his death and resurrection added nothing to the mix.
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Claude Hosch
A single bracelet does not jingle
07:14 PM on 04/08/2012
Hi "TheFriendlyAtheist" With respect to your view, may I add to your point on repentance - (turning from sin), and baptism - (symbolic of belief in the resurrection), seem to me to be the underlying message. There was a belief among Jews in a resurrection before Christ's death (Matt.22:28; Jn.11:24). Job seems to imply the same (Job 14:14).

Jesus death paid the penalty (1Cor.5:7) releiving us of that agony.

I feel the agony has been removed from the process, and better way made. Many Christians would dispute me on that. Some are driven by passion only.
10:04 AM on 04/07/2012
I agree with Paul. If you take the moral teachings, ritual practices, theological framework, etc. of the New Testament it is neither sufficiently consistent or relevant to be the foundation of a "new" religion. Both Judaism and Islam are far superior to Christianity in this regard. The only real "selling point" of Christianity is the (logically inconsistent) resurrection and deification of Jesus (a.s.). If there is no resurrection the "raison e'tre" of Christianity disappears.
07:25 AM on 04/07/2012
If jesus’ disciples believed he was the great prophet chosen by god to proclaim a new religion to the world, it would have been embarrassing for them to suppose his death, cutting him short in his prime, should have been in any way a setback. No wonder they felt compelled to insist Jesus foresaw his own death and resurrection. Despite the scandal of a messiah dying like a common criminal, it must have been hard for them to believe their faith in him was misplaced, hence the ‘resurrection/empty tomb’ attempt to remake what was an obvious defeat into a kind of vindication of their (misplaced) faith.

>>>>>You get the same sort of apologetics happening in the 17th century with the ersatz messiah Sabbatai Zevi, who in the end converted to Islam. All kinds of justifications were invented for his apostasy. Even his main exponent, Nathan of Gaza, said it was precisely the ‘strange actions of Sabbatai that constituted proof of the authenticity of his messianic mission’. For ‘the true acts of redemption are those which cause the greatest scandal’.
09:13 PM on 04/06/2012
The Crucifixion and Resurrection are separate events but inextricably l linked; one cannot have a resurrection until one has died. It would be egregious not to see, and sense, the horrific manner of Christ's death for He carried with Him the sins of the world, an incomprehensible burden. Only God made man could bear such a burden. It was in His dying on the cross that Good Friday that promised our salvation and allowed for the glorious Resurrection on Sunday. It is the Resurrection that assures the eternal life of our immortal souls. Both events are equally important in what each represents. One cannot happen without the other for each give meaning to the other.
06:02 PM on 04/06/2012
Good Friday Christian has to be also a Resurrection Christian. Both events were and are connected and must not be separated. If Christ has not died He would not have been resurrected. One was needed for the other.
04:06 PM on 04/06/2012
You’re right: Jesus’ death is important in its own right, not simply as a prelude to Easter. However, taking the gospels as factual history, as you do in this post, argues against the value of Christianity. The four gospels are full of well-known contradictions. Instead, if we wish Christianity to be credible in the twenty-first century (and I do!), then we must encourage people to read the Bible with the insights gleaned through historical-critical study (cf. my essay http://blog.ethicalmusings.com/2012/03/when-we-encourage-bible-reading.html).
03:56 PM on 04/06/2012
I think you slightly misrepresent Paul's view, as though a presentation of the Roman's reaction to the torn curtain from Mark (which itself is considered a highly significant occurrence), is in some way counter to Paul's stating a belief in the afterlife, which is the proper, contextual reading. I don't think Paul gave less credence to the death of Christ because, in at least one instance, he spoke of the resurrection instead. The death of Christ, if that was the end of it, makes Christianity pointless. If there is no afterlife, the entire faith is in vain.
"I resolved to know nothing while I was with you except Jesus Christ and him crucified" (1 Corinthians 2:2).
09:29 AM on 04/07/2012
Afterlife and the immortality of the soul are notions alien to much of the Bible. Death is death. Period. That is why resurrection is so remarkable: new life out of no life. What need have we of a resurrection if some Hellenistic divine spark within us lives on after death?
01:41 PM on 04/06/2012
_ Remembering all the persecuted Christians
around the world today.   (\☺/) _
05:24 PM on 04/06/2012
Amen!