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Marian Wright Edelman

Marian Wright Edelman

Posted: November 16, 2010 09:39 AM

The Threat of Persistent Poverty

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As the economic downturn lingers, a striking characteristic is just how widespread its impact still is. Recent reports state that more Americans are now living in poverty in the suburbs than in cities -- a trend that has increased dramatically during the recession. At the same time, there has been an increase in the number of families who once donated to food pantries or other organizations serving the poor who now need to turn to these same places for help themselves. As more Americans experience economic uncertainty, the face of poverty in our nation today is changing. The harmful threats from the current recession which are leaving so many families newly desperate and at wits end are not new for millions of chronically poor children.

A recent study by scholars at the Urban Institute focused on the dangerous effects of “persistent poverty” so many children experience. It notes that nearly half of all children born into poverty will be persistently poor, meaning they will be poor for at least half of their childhoods. The risk of persistent poverty is especially great for Black children, who are more likely to be born poor: 40 percent of Black children are poor at birth, compared to eight percent of White children. Black children are seven times more likely than White children to be persistently poor; more than two-thirds of Black children who are poor at birth will be poor for at least half of their childhoods.

Being born into poverty and living in persistent poverty put children at tremendous risk, and the cumulative effects often mean especially negative outcomes. Being born poor is a significant predictor of adult as well as child poverty: the same study reports that while just four percent of children born into non-poor families end up spending at least half their early adult years in poverty, 21 percent of children born poor will spend a significant amount of their early adulthood in poverty. These children have a range of worse adult outcomes than children born into higher-income families. Children who are born poor and live in persistent poverty are more likely to drop out of high school, experience teen pregnancy, and have unstable employment as young adults. Every year children spend living in poverty further erodes their future potential. The deck is stacked against them before they’ve taken their first breath.

It’s clear that the Great Recession has thrust millions of children and families into poverty -- many in extreme poverty -- jeopardizing the promise of a productive future for children and our nation. Millions more are likely to suffer long-term effects of the recession and more will become mired in persistent poverty -- unless and until we have the courage to act decisively and invest in the future of our most vulnerable children. As a first step, we must not allow Congress to continue the Bush tax cuts scheduled to expire at the end of this year for the richest two percent of taxpayers. Continuing tax cuts for individuals with incomes under $200,000 and families under $250,000, as President Obama proposes to do, will assist 98 percent of tax filers and help jumpstart the economy since those benefiting will likely spend what they receive.

With 15.5 million children living in poverty, there is no rational or sensible argument for spending an additional $68 billion a year, $700 billion over ten years, to reward the very richest people with an average tax cut of more than $310,000. These multimillionaires, with average incomes of $6 million, saw their fortunes grow enormously these last several years while millions of children and families fell backwards. These funds could give millions of poor children a head start in life by enrolling all 4.2 million eligible infants and toddlers in Early Head Start and all 2.1 million eligible three- to five-year-olds in the Head Start program. Currently only three percent of eligible children are enrolled in Early Head Start and just over 40 percent of eligible children are enrolled in Head Start.


As Congress returns, it must help maintain extra supports for low income children and families. The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Emergency Fund, which has created more than 250,000 short-term jobs for low-income parents, must be extended before it expires at the end of the year. Improvements in the Child and Earned Income Tax Credits must be made permanent to help low and middle income families make ends meet. All of these investments make an enormous difference in the lives of millions of children. Multimillionaires should get at the end of the line for government help. They’ve had far more than their fair share.


 

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AZreb
equal-opportunity Independent heathen
07:25 AM on 11/17/2010
Our own government recently contributed even more to the problem. Money from the food stamp program was taken away and given to the teachers union so the teachers would be rehired or keep their jobs. Children don't just eat 5 days a week at school in the breakfast and lunch programs, they also need to eat an evening meal and 3 meals a day on the week-ends. And the real idiocy of this whole robbery of funds is that over 50,000 teachers are still without jobs!

Hungry children cannot concentrate in school - hungry children become ill more often - and parents of hungry children become desperate to put food on the table for them.

We have what I call an "apartheid economy" in our own country.
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Inkosi
The gods themselves rage aginst stupidity
10:21 AM on 11/17/2010
Well, here in New Jersey, we surely could do without the excessive number of administrators and supervisors being paid a six figure salary. Some make more than the Gov. Plus the golden parachute retirement plans. One admin/principal retired with over half a million dollars ($700,000). In all her years, she NEVER had a sick day, never took vacation. She has health benefits for life!
11:47 AM on 11/17/2010
You're complaining that she never took a sick day/ Only a Democrat would do that.
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jstrate
01:40 AM on 11/17/2010
The article draws attention to the chronic problem of childhood poverty in this country. Americans like to draw distinctions between the deserving and undeserving poor. Are children deserving if they are the offspring of irresponsible parents? Do we want to blame the children, the victims? I don't think that the moral sense has fallen that low in this country. For some of the poor, as Lionel Tiger has pointed out, bureaugamy prevails--government has taken over the role of the traditional father in providing financial support. There's a shortage of well-educated, gainfully employed, single black men in our society, at least in relation to the number of black women who would like to find one as a husband. A lot of young black men, unfortunately, wind up in the criminal justice system. To be sure, many made bad choices, and should be held accountable and punished. The corrections system, however, no longer does a lot of "corrections," given the high rates of recidivism. With lengthier sentences, it looks more like a eugenics program.
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jimmyaj
I don't need no micro-bio...
01:04 AM on 11/17/2010
The real problem is that it's not getting better. As the unemployed slip off the benefit rolls, they join the uncounted. This is becoming a huge problem. The longer the imbalance in income and wealth ges on, the longer it will take to recover from it. We could already be on the road to a longer depression than the 30s.
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starmanx
beam me up, Scotty
10:01 PM on 11/16/2010
With 15.5 million children living in poverty in America, one does not have to be a rocket scientist to realize that the economic system has to change to benefit those in need. The money-drunk elitists have to be slapped down hard and America has to wake up and realize that they are basically bankrupt and cannot afford to wage these illegal wars in the Middle East. Re the wars, the indecent sums spend fighting an imaginary enemy could be used to get the economy out of the toilet, where George the Dummy et al put it. I truly believe Obama is a man of peace and will stop the insanity, but he's got quite the fight on his hands, what with the dreaded GOPCORP and the dangerous military industrial complex with which to contend.
08:17 PM on 11/16/2010
Why does everyone avoid calling the financial situation "The Second Great Depression" - for that is what it is? A rose is a rose etc. The reason you don't see people selling apples on the street corners is that they don't even have enough money to buy the apples - they're too busy trying to find shelter for their families after being (unlawfully) thrown out of their homes.. This is no "Recession," it's a DEPRESSION. Will some courageous individual call it by it's rightful name????????
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Ahurani
07:56 PM on 11/16/2010
I remember something Tupac said in an interview shortly before his death. He said that if he wasn't making records making his money, he'd be on the streets making his money. But one way or another he was going to make his money. Anyone who disagrees with extended unemployment, even adding another tier, spending for job creation, training, etc., hasn't a clue what's going on in people's minds. We are headed for revolution in the streets and nobody in Washington seems to get that. Or they simply don't care.
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Inkosi
The gods themselves rage aginst stupidity
09:42 AM on 11/17/2010
The elite and politicians believe they are immune and insulated from the masses. Perhaps they are right - after all, they do not have to live in the US. They can depart for more friendly locations. Let us remember Haiti. Haiti had the first successful slave uprising. The landowners were kicked out or killed. Thereafter - there was a parade of tyrants and dictators - one worse than the other, ecomony went in the toilet where it remains to this day. Let us not repeat that.
07:04 PM on 11/16/2010
Let us remember the French revolution and the ultimate reaction to "poverty." Get rid of the rich!!!!
Are we naive enough to think people are going to continually live this way in the United States
of America?
04:30 PM on 11/16/2010
For those in poverty or near poverty, look to your church's because they will help.
04:59 PM on 11/16/2010
The church is a big reason for the poverty we have in the world today, their refusal to endorse contraceptives, talk about sex and homosexuality openly is a contributing factor to poverty. If there is a hell, I assure you the so-called church has a spot on reserve waiting on them. But with all due respect, ma'am, I assure you, you have no earthly idea what poverty means. I might be going out on a limb here but I will can say with some measure of confidence that there is no such thing in America, when you go to Africa you will see what it really means. Poverty, you shouldnt even be allowed to use that word.
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starmanx
beam me up, Scotty
10:19 PM on 11/16/2010
Yes, of course, people in some parts of the world are totally destitute. The old fools in frocks in the opulent vatican are the cause for a lot of the misery in Africa and elsewhere. The billions that they're hoarding would alleviate a lot of poverty in the world. The foools are so terribly concerned about sin and they're guilty of all of them - avarice (especially!), gluttony, etc.
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Inkosi
The gods themselves rage aginst stupidity
05:24 PM on 11/16/2010
The poor can be very prorfitable - especailly for the church. One pastor in NJ gets homeless men to apply for welfare, ssi or whatever benefits - then sign the checks over to him. In exchange he provides a roof over their heads, a matress on the floor in a common room, and some really low grade food. The Pastor on the other hand, is doing very well. He drives a Cadillac Escalade, lives in a nice, fine, big house in an upscale neighborhood and it is all non taxable. He also just bought a plane for his "church" - again non taxable. He is a Christian! Affordable housing - the owner makes out real well, he gets a kick back for putting in Section 8 tenants, gets guaranteed rent and usually does not do maintenance and a tax deduction and lots of allocades for his humanity. Then there is the corporations.- particularly retail and fast food. They get paid $2700 for every one they hire off the welfare rolls - the $2700 it is for job training. They give marginal training, and wait. The new employee will miss work, do a poor job, steal and either quit or be fired in about 2 months. They then hire another and get another $2700 and the cycle continues. These people are predators but they get away with it. I know this because I picked trash from the "Church" and Section 8 housing owners. There is a lot of money to be
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starmanx
beam me up, Scotty
10:22 PM on 11/16/2010
Wow! We've gone absolutely mad, I tell you!
03:54 PM on 11/16/2010
Get used to growing poverty in America. The Republicans have achieved their goal of bankrupting America financially and educationally. The majority of Politicians kow-tow to the rich. Jobs will continue to be created overseas. Big business is international with 50% of sales (and growing). GM's big growth will be building a factory and manufacturing cars in China. The super Rich 2% of America have homes all over the world. America is less needed than it used to be. Start Buying American made or not at all. Do without that 2nd or 3rd TV. Do without the latest gadgets and toys manufactured abroad. Encourage Made in America. Sometimes being nationalistic is the way to go. Globalization is good only for those who can afford to globalize. What's the address of your other home. If you voted Republican (the party of the Rich, for the Rich and owned by the Rich) then you deserve what you get and won't get.
04:33 PM on 11/16/2010
You are a confused person who needs to read more American history. Believe me it will help you understand how we got here and what we should do to get out of this mess.

The progressive movement has been dealt a serious blow and I don't think they will recover anytime soon and probably never.
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lisalulu
I stand for Planned Parenthood.
06:06 PM on 11/16/2010
What history would that be - since Reagonmics, globalism, de-regulation and paper wizards - this is what you got: MBAs who can only fill in the dots - making money from money was too profitbable and now we must look to the progressives and younger generation for true innovation.
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starmanx
beam me up, Scotty
10:25 PM on 11/16/2010
Sorry, you're the confused one!
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lrobb
Southern Rational
05:20 PM on 11/16/2010
Can you please explain how a political party could have a goal of bankrupting America if they want the rich to stay in power? Someone has to buy the products of the plutocrats, and there are not enough of the wealthy to keep businesses functioning.

Without an economically vibrant middle class, there would be no "rich" ergo the rich have no incentive to diminish it.
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lisalulu
I stand for Planned Parenthood.
06:05 PM on 11/16/2010
Plutocrats don't need us any more - they made more in the last three decades that they are set for generations to come.
06:25 PM on 11/16/2010
They have already bled us dry and will sell their crap overseas
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UnaBohemia
Offering a Mexicana Perspective
03:31 PM on 11/16/2010
There has to be a new standard in the USA and in the rest of the world:
ASSIST AND EDUCATE ALL CHILDREN OUT OF POVERTY!!!
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Inkosi
The gods themselves rage aginst stupidity
05:29 PM on 11/16/2010
There will always be the poor. Just the degree of poverty changes. We are guaranteed equal opportunity - we are not guaranteed equal outcome. We make good decisions - we make bad decisions. Calamities befall some and not others. Not all kids want to be rocket scientist or can be rocket scientists - we need plumbers, electricians, hair stylists, artists, authors, bricklayers.
11:32 AM on 11/17/2010
You are kidding yourself if you think people in America are guaranteed equal opportunity. Try reading Savage Inequalities by Jonathan Kozol. Or going into Detroit schools. Or walking in the less savory parts of Atlanta. Or looking at ethnically concentrated areas in any city.

There is NOTHING equal about it.
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mjc
Avoid printing any..
06:46 PM on 11/20/2010
"There will always be the poor....." That has been the unstated Catholic version of poverty for generations, going back to the Middle Ages. We still haven't lifted our minds out of the Middle Ages it seems. This nation wasn't founded on that kind of belief. With the vast resources of this land, most of the immigrants here thought that they could lift themselves to some new state of being, and many did. Now, because the capitalists have gotten hold of most of the resources of this nation, it does seem impossible. And our nation is no longer a growing, vibrant, fair dealing democracy. I refuse to accept the Catholic Church's version of my life or any one else's life God isn't and wasn't looking for a quiet, very stratified society to worship him. If that isn't the case, then we aren't made in God's image for sure.
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booki
03:30 PM on 11/16/2010
no one should be hungry in the US. .or without nutrional food. period.
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booki
04:01 PM on 11/16/2010
nutritional...
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Inkosi
The gods themselves rage aginst stupidity
05:30 PM on 11/16/2010
The corporations have insured that we have lots of junk food. They have made it cheap and put labels on that no one can understand.
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starmanx
beam me up, Scotty
10:32 PM on 11/16/2010
The latest stats re overweight/obese Americans are out and it ain't pretty. Even in my country, Canada, it's getting bad as well. If something isn't done to reverse these trends, Canada and the States are going to experience an epidemic of very unhealthy people. Of course, the corps, including the 'health' insurance scammers, will benefit enormously!
03:11 PM on 11/16/2010
Let's call it what it is: It's a DEPRESSION, not a Recession.
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lrobb
Southern Rational
03:15 PM on 11/16/2010
Economists do nto call it a Depression until there has been a 10% drop in GDP.
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lisalulu
I stand for Planned Parenthood.
03:29 PM on 11/16/2010
The old school - this is the new reality - time to adjust the defintion.
06:28 PM on 11/16/2010
Will not happen as long as the control the spin of numbers.
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Laika
02:55 PM on 11/16/2010
The problem with the poor is that they are not very attractive and they carry very little social, political, and cultural capital. It's easier to blame the vulnerable rather than give up the dream of "making it" oneself.
11:33 AM on 11/17/2010
Well said!
02:53 PM on 11/16/2010
Edelman: As a first step, we must not allow Congress to continue the Bush tax cuts scheduled to expire at the end of this year for the richest two percent of taxpayers.

Really, sleep of reason breeds monstrous ideology. Taxing for the sake of taxation is the most effective way to keep the poor at the bottom, add millions of middle class people to their numbers and help China and others to destroy this economy by rendering it noncompetitive in the world. Only working capitalism can feed the hungry and provide roof for the homeless, as it have been for 200 years.

The question we all must ask Edelman: why are you so eager to make more people poor and miserable? Isn't it just to keep your well paid do-gooder position at our expanse? As a first step, we must not allow professional do-gooders lie. Poor people need jobs, not your lamentations, Edelman. We, the workers, engineers, entrepreneurs can make it. Get off the road.
04:13 PM on 11/16/2010
Is your premise that the wealthy will put those saved taxes to work? create jobs, donate to non-profits and charities? How are you proposing these saved taxes are going to make the poor, less poor?
04:35 PM on 11/16/2010
They are because if more money in the private sector means we have a better chance of correcting our economy. Take (steel) that money and our government has a way of wasting it!
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Inkosi
The gods themselves rage aginst stupidity
05:38 PM on 11/16/2010
I am also a redhead - I am fan #15. Thank you for posing that question.
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Inkosi
The gods themselves rage aginst stupidity
05:37 PM on 11/16/2010
Have we not had enough experience with the FREE MARKET! Our economy is in shambles because of Free Market. It isn't so free when the taxpayers have to pay for their mistakes and they just keep on doing the same mistakes over and over. The rich are not creating jobs here - they are sending them overseas. Do you really want to work for $1,. an hour or however much the chinese get paid?
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Pamela Grundy
Freelance writer & blogger.
02:22 PM on 11/16/2010
Wow, some of the comments here are sickening. They illustrate WHY the U.S. is circling the drain faster and faster day by day.

Why is it that so many Americans don't bat an eyelash when Dick Fuld (the CEO who ran Lehman into the ground and tanked world markets in so doing) unapologetically rakes in $17,000 per hour in personal compensation, yet these same folks go crazy with indignation if a single black woman has a baby and feeds it on the government dime?

I know the answer but it makes me sick.

Government money for white gazillionaire leeches who contribute nothing: No problem.
Government money for poor black kids who might grow up to be President (if fed and educated): Never!

This country is turning into a moral cesspool, and it isn't single black women and their kids taking it there.
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lrobb
Southern Rational
02:37 PM on 11/16/2010
Dick Fuld should be held legally accountable for his actions as CEO of Lehman Bros. This is also the position taken by the Tea Party, by the way.

Moving on now.

I am not made crazy when a Black woman has a baby out of wedlock she cannot afford. I am made crazy when any woman does so. Stop, right there before you say what I know you are going to. I AM a woman. My children were born in wedlock. I did not have any while divorced for 14 years. Ok?

Let's look at the root causes of poverty--most of which are based in lack of education--and go from there.

Why are children allowed to drop out of school?

Why are children who routinely do not do their homework and disrupt class not placed in alternative schools--and insured they stay there until their issues have been successfully addressed?"

It may be too late for the parents, but it would only take one generation to turn poverty around if we had the political will.
02:56 PM on 11/16/2010
Is this government intrusion going to be only for poor kids, or for kids whose parents aren't married? Are we going to do the same with middle class white kids who don't do homework or pass their grade? What's the income cut off? What if mom is working two jobs and doing her best, but lives in a bad neighborhood, and junior is misbehaving? We do still have a Constitution with that pesky little "equal protection" phrase in there. Nothing about "except for poor kids born out of wedlock".

This IS a huge problem - I'm not trying to trivialize it. Education is exactly the key to giving these kids a better chance. But no one is going to be helped if they're dehumanized and treated as second class citizens. Educating those our society leaves behind is going to take something the newly ascendant right wing is most unlikely to provide - MONEY. It will take a massive investment of money,time and ingenuity. I'm not expecting any such investment to take place any time soon.
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LisaViger
Vegan, Socialist, Atheist, Peace Monger
03:24 PM on 11/16/2010
lrobb,

If you drive on a highway or use a library or have ever needed police service, you've fed at the government trough ...and in so harshly judging an unwed mother, you are judging someone far more like yourself than Fuld and his ilk will ever be.
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Inkosi
The gods themselves rage aginst stupidity
10:16 AM on 11/17/2010
We are anesthesized! We have gown complacent and accepting of such behavior. We see in in "Mad Men", "Wall Street", "Money Never Sleeps" - just as violence has been glorified in video games, TV, movies and music. It has become nothing unusual. Society has a very low moral bar. There" was a time when people cared about what society thought about them. Remember Hester Prim in The Scarlet Letter" . Now, bad behavior is admired. Also, people feel utterly helpless. They are too frantic working, worrying and trying to survive and provide for their families to get truly involved. Being active in politics takes time and $$$. The middle class has very little of both. How much of their personal fortunes have cadidates shelled out for their campaigns? That speaks volumes.
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Pamela Grundy
Freelance writer & blogger.
11:16 AM on 11/17/2010
Those are really good points. I think the net makes it easier for people to be nasty too. Nastiness is seen as wit in forums, but it isn't, it's just nastiness. I think it's true--bad behavior IS admired. And people do feel helpless and don't always show their best side when afraid and exhausted. Having been active in politics since 2006 (for the first time ever) I'm not so sure anymore it's even that effective. I'm getting pretty disillusioned myself.