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Apocalypse Now? A Christian Understanding of the End Times

Posted: 03/27/11 10:22 PM ET

Sorry, Maya. Just when peculiar apocalyptic interpretations of the ancient Mayan calendar were about to thrust you into the media frenzy sure to come in 2012, some knuckleheads cut in front of you by predicting the return of Jesus on May 21, 2011.

They insist the world will end a few months after that, unfortunately ruling out the possibility of my San Francisco Giants repeating as World Series champions.

Of course, Christians have been proclaiming the nearness of Jesus' return ever since there have been Christians. The New Testament reflects this, even as it gives evidence of a growing acknowledgment, as the first century transitioned into the second, that the "imminence" of this hope need not imply its "immediacy." The church learned it would be in it for the long haul.

Yet some of the more fringe members of the Christian family have never stopped casting out predictions of a specific day on which human history will dramatically change forever, usually accompanied by fire and brimstone. So far, one might conclude, Jesus has been uninterested in taking the bait.

Despite the history of failed speculation about a precise advent of this new future, some Christians keep going with exuberant talk about the end of days. Whatever their motives, the results are sometimes good for the bottom line: numbers of butts in pews, as well as authors' bank accounts.

Witness the Left Behind franchise, which has made millions promulgating a theology based on the notion of a "Rapture," in which living Christians are snatched away to an otherworldly existence while the rest of earth slides fearfully into political and moral chaos. This theology comes from a very idiosyncratic view of the Bible that is popular in fundamentalist circles but has also infiltrated wider Christian discourse. Yet it represents a way of thinking about God and history that possesses, at best, dubious biblical support. Its retribution fantasies hardly align with notions of divine love and justice found in many other parts of the Bible.

There are, of course, many passages in the New Testament that steer attention toward the dawn of a new era -- begun in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus, but also finally to be fulfilled in his future "appearing" and the expectation of a coming judgment. These themes remain a key feature of Jesus' teachings. We can't evade those texts if we hope to understand the New Testament, as a whole. Serious, thoughtful Bible-readers ignore them at their own peril, for doing so allows the distortions of the Left Behind juggernaut to fill the void.

Christians, and those who observe Christianity from a distance, need to be aware of what these texts describe and the functions they should fulfill.

(There is not space in this post to delve into the Bible's thoughts about the end of the world or the possibility of an afterlife. Although they are tempting, those related topics will have to wait for another day, assuming I make it.)

So, how should we read?

First, we have to note how context matters. Future hopes are given greatest attention in the New Testament usually when two other things are in view: the corrosive effects of religious hypocrisy and early Christians' experience of persecution. Biblical passages about Jesus' return therefore reiterate that God's commitment to the world is not warmly embraced by the world's business-as-usual religious, social, and political routines.

Second, biblical images associated with Jesus' return are highly symbolic. Clouds, trumpets, stars falling from the skies, angelic shouts -- these are familiar tropes in the Bible and its related literature. They became staple symbols, ways of signaling the divine presence. They are more theologically evocative than physically descriptive.

Third, "symbolic language" does not mean "not to be taken seriously." These texts are important in their ability to communicate that we don't live in the best of all possible worlds. They point toward the promise of a better future. New Testament scholar Dale Allison likens the Bible's visions of the end to its visions of the beginning:

"Genesis is no historical record of the primordial past, and the New Testament offers no precognitive history of the eschatological future ... We must interpret them not literally but as religious poetry, which means with our theologically-informed imaginations." (page 97)

Therefore, these passages prompt us to let the dimensions of our "longed-for future" be creatively informed by our "present religious experience and faith and theological reflection" (page 98). What Christians say, then, is the state of affairs Jesus promised the world has yet to come to full fruition. New Testament talk about the future issues vivid reminders that God still has work to do among us. The specifics about the future remain wholly mysterious. Still, the dominant emphasis is on promoting hope, not inciting fear.

All this could leave Christianity vulnerable to charges of escapism, but only if it leads people to ethical and social passivity. Or to paint motor homes like this.

A fourth observation pushes against passivity, however. Biblical images about Jesus' return evoke the sights and sounds of Roman propaganda. For example, caution expressed in 1 Thessalonians 5:3 concerning seductive reassurances spoken about "peace and security" in the world refers to an imperial slogan. Also, as one might expect given Christians' occasional status as a marginalized group in the first century, these images sometimes also imitate Roman propaganda. The description of Jesus' return in 1 Thessalonians 4 depicts him with language recalling Roman dignitaries' official visits to cities.

These passages' subtle connections to imperial rhetoric allow them to subvert it, too. They thus can commit Christians to an unwillingness to rest content with the status quo of human political existence. They portray the future that God will inaugurate as showing up our inferior ideals -- exposing all that humankind settles for (and gets oppressed by) as false substitutes for true peace and true security. They speak about a world that is sick, about people who abuse power. At the same time, they call people of faith not to shun or denigrate human society but to work for the world's redemption.

And so I'm already making plans for May 22. In fact, I'm predicting the Giants will beat the Oakland Athletics that afternoon.

 
 
 
Sorry, Maya. Just when peculiar apocalyptic interpretations of the ancient Mayan calendar were about to thrust you into the media frenzy sure to come in 2012, some knuckleheads cut in front of you by ...
Sorry, Maya. Just when peculiar apocalyptic interpretations of the ancient Mayan calendar were about to thrust you into the media frenzy sure to come in 2012, some knuckleheads cut in front of you by ...
 
 
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08:39 PM on 05/20/2011
Predicting an earthquake on any given day is a no-brainer. Earthquakes happen everyday.

Predicting people disappearing is equally a no-brainer.

Perhaps the biggest will be a 3.0 under the ocean's floor and since he is still here, he will claim he was temporarily left behind so he could say "told you so".

No matter what happens, he will spin it to say he was right.

The apocalypse is going to be dull.
03:13 PM on 05/10/2011
I saw there is a new billboard that went up on the San Fran Skyway near the Baybridge from another group that challenges Camping. They have a website www.merkaba.org. Does anything know anything about them? Is there some sort of billboard war going on?

I got a picture of it too, http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/52354584.jpg
01:34 PM on 04/16/2011
Yeshuachrist-what makes you think the seals have since not been opened? Are they to be closed forever? The Word of God gibberish? It was always designed to be written in rhyme and parable. Those who may understand are granted eyes that can see. It has been that way so those who cannot see shall laugh and mock at the so-called foolish children of God.

"And he said unto them, Unto you it is given to know the mystery of the kingdom of God: but unto them that are without, all these things are done in parables: That seeing they may see, and not perceive; and hearing they may hear, and not understand; lest at any time they should be converted, and their sins should be forgiven them." (Mark 4:11-12)
11:09 AM on 04/12/2011
The rapture, as the modern Christian world views it, is not mentioned in the Bible. Christ says to endure to the end and stay within the Kingdom of Heaven (yes, the Kingdom is here already, inside of you). Some people like to push the misinterpretations about Jesus coming into his Kingdom, he came into his Kingdom after his resurrection. But we are to study, be wise as serpents and harmless as doves. We are to follow EVERYTHING Yeshua (Jesus) said, EVERYTHING. It is explained that he will return just as a thief in the night BUT Jesus tells us to be watchmen to look and study the signs. But overzealous Christians go too far, and while they are playing with their misinterpretations, and their empires of manmade theology, they completely miss the obvious. The book is sealed unto them and these things are hidden. http://www.yahwehyeshua.com
01:40 PM on 04/16/2011
Regarding the seals & more: Many of the seals have been opened

http://www.the-latter-rain.com/god-is-revealing-the-end.html
01:00 AM on 04/09/2011
Seeing how every word attributed to Jesus was written decades after his life by unknown authors who were witnesses to none of it, the entire Christian faith is built on an illusion. There isn't a shred of evidence for one word of it and yet we spend our precious time and energy interpreting gibberish. I strongly recommend everyone read The Age of Reason by Thomas Paine, and then read it again.
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05:13 PM on 04/03/2011
This site is no longer any forum for real discussion...so, you don't want my input, then you won't get anymore, Period...bye
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05:09 PM on 04/03/2011
thanks Moderator!!!! I guess now its ok for people who have an axe to grind against God are regularly allowed to say whatever they wish...no believer can do the same heh????
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04:41 PM on 04/03/2011
Its been well over 17 centuries since the Church Fathers first began to write in earnest about the likely return date of Jesus Christ, and it seems they could not accept, or comprehend the simplicity in the statement in Scripture that Jesus would come "Like a thief in the night." and the Parable that Jesus Himself gave to illustrate this:
"If the man of the house had known in what hour the thief would come, then he would have watched, and not had his house broken into."
The "House" is of course this world, and as Satan is the prince of this world, and is therefore the owner of it presently, then it is he who is the "man" of the house.
So, therefore when Jesus also told His disciples that "no man knows the day or the hour in which the Son of man shall come" He is all but telling them that this is a SECRET! Not for our sake, but for the sake of him who would greatly hinder us at His coming if he knew.
In another passage often overlooked and rarely mentioned by Bible scholars even to this day, and which the King James translators simply did not understand, Jesus all but says to His disciples, look this is a secret:
Hereafter, I will not talk much( about the time of my return) with you: for the prince of this world cometh, and hath nothing ( no knowledge) in (about) me."
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03:09 PM on 04/05/2011
When Jesus told parables he was telling the listeners stories that they could understand.
You do not need to take the story on to involved conclusions.
The "man" is you and me and everyone on earth. If those listeners knew the exact hour of his return then they very well could have said that they could do anything that they wanted to do and just before closing their eyes in death could repent and be saved. They would have known that Jesus was not coming in their day.
The promise of the return of Jesus has been "soon". Looking back in time we don't think it has been "soon". But men and women don't lived very long lives and when they close their eyes in death their "soon" is about to happen if they have believed and believe in the resurrection of the godly when Jesus returns.
Satan has been defeated. Jesus does not have to work out ways for him to be hindered. Jesus was speaking directly to the people listening and to those that would read his words ever after.
We are the ones that must be ready all the time. Jesus says that only the Father knows the time when Jesus will return. Jesus gave us reasonable signs to discern the "nearness". That is all we have to know about the exact time. We do know that "every eye shall see" him. His return will not be quiet or secret.
04:52 AM on 05/04/2011
@alitwoshoes: Whatever the heck happened to 1 Thessalonians 5:2? You seem to make God out like a thief so incompetent, He'd catch everybody's attention even in the night. :|
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MichaelGuy
Swiis Canton, Dutch Republic, advocate
07:56 PM on 04/02/2011
Speaking as a Pascal's Wager christian I have seen a bit of anger and pride in the monotheistic religions, with a sadistic delight in the thought that God only loves those of His chosen denomination of Protestant, Sunni Shia or Synagogue and will torment, torture and eternally afflict all non-believers.(especially liberal ones......oops sorry the conservative in me) but humor aside As I understand it Jesus is to come back for a church without spot blemish or wrinkle. A church with love, holiness and truth. Without holiness no one will see God. God is love and he who doesn't love humanity does not love God. So if there is a church and a religion with love, virtue, compassion, charity and humility and truth , Jesus may return. but judging by most Churches and denominations I know, relax he ain;t coming for a long long time.
What is the ultimate in arrogance, hubris and well nigh blasphemy is this temple in Jerusalem belief. If we can build a bunch of stones and kill a few Bulls the Messiah will come. We don't need repentance, love, compassion, holiness, virtue and charity we can conjure a Messiah with a few stones, couple of robes and some dead animals. Both Jewish sects and Fundamentalist Christians believe this. The 12th Imam people have a similar belief. That we can demand bail us out of our mess and that he will kill, damn and punish anyone who is not like us in beliefs.
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MichaelGuy
Swiis Canton, Dutch Republic, advocate
07:37 PM on 04/02/2011
IThere are a couple of different alternatives for my afterlife:1) I will face a God( or Goddess or a cluster of divine beings) for their judgement and decision where I will spend my eternity in heaven or in the torments of hell. 2) I will be re-incarnated, which is fine by me I have a lot of regrets and a lot I wish I could have accomplished and in my bad humora lot of wasted monogamy in a bad marriage. Or 3) I will go onto some astral plane or its all an illusion and I'll be deader than a doornail and worm food, in which case I should have lied, stoled and been way more hedonistic.
06:57 PM on 04/02/2011
This billboard will be famous, for many centuries to come, starting May 22, 2011. It's a consequence of speculating on mythology.
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Slacktoo
Oh, grow up, OO7
03:33 PM on 04/02/2011
Mr. Skinner, just make the next step in logic and become an agnostic atheist. You don't need the Christian label to be moral.
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anothervoice
How many trees have you planted in your life?
10:30 AM on 04/02/2011
1999 - No Jesus. 2000 - No Jesus. 2001 - No Jesus. 2011 No Jesus.

How about we stop moving the goal posts and just be pleasantly surprised if he shows up?

And in the meantime, live our lives according to the best interests of our existence and that of future generations.
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timm553
In vino veritas
03:40 PM on 04/02/2011
"be pleasantly surprised if he shows up?"
******************************
From what I've read and also according to conventional wisdom, the vast majority of us will not be subjectt to a "pleasent surprise". I've heard that there will be a considerable amount of "gnashing of teeth", and so on.
02:14 AM on 04/02/2011
It is true that the apocalypse starting in May is doubtful and the end of the world a few months later is clearly nonsense. But we should dismiss the story completely. The return of the Christ in couple of months is not entirely impossible. In fact he may be already here - see www.christ-maitreya.org for some thoughts on this.
New Yorker
Roman Catholic, Anti-DEATH, Combat Vet, Sinner
09:47 AM on 04/02/2011
The Second Coming of Christ is an event that will be unmistakable to all, the glory of God will flash across the sky like lighning from Horizon to Horizon, and the Lord will be visible and brighter than the sun. Christ will not be coming quietly as He did the first time. Christ is here in the tabernacles of His church, and the Hearts of His Followers, but he personally is currently Seated at The Right Hand of The Father in heaven.
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LBCityGirl
Go ahead, make my day.
10:40 AM on 04/10/2011
and I have some property in Jersey I can sell you real cheap.
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Spiggy
Playing with the Special Ones since 2009
12:37 AM on 04/02/2011
Tell ya what...if I see Jesus anytime in the near future I'm grabbing a shotgun....Only 1 thing scares me more than Nuclear War....and that is Zombies....and If I see Jesus...I know he is a Zombie and will have to be dealt with humanely.
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Aardvaark
I'm a Swedish American, son of China Missionaries
01:17 PM on 04/02/2011
I LOLd at that one. Fanned for a weird take.