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Michael Greger, M.D.

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Mad Cow California: What Is Atypical BSE?

Posted: 05/03/2012 7:08 pm

The downer dairy cow recently found stricken with mad cow disease in California was infected with an "atypical" strain. Such cases are thought to arise spontaneously, a notion the USDA seized upon to explain how the disease could arise despite their regulations. If anything, that fact highlights the weaknesses in the current feed rules. If mad cow disease can arise out of nowhere, then it's even more important to close the loopholes and stop the feeding of cattle blood to calves and chicken manure to cows to prevent it from spreading. And what the USDA didn't mention about the atypical strain found in California is that there's evidence it's a more dangerous form of the disease

The California cow died of a particularly virulent form of mad cow disease known as BASE, bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy, also known as L-type atypical BSE. Typical BSE was first documented in the '80s in Britain. Afflicted cows often became twitchy and aggressive, giving rise to the "mad cow disease" moniker, as their brains degenerated into a characteristic Swiss cheese-like appearance. Hence the scientific name, BSE: bovine (cow) spongiform (sponge-like) encephalopathy (brain disease).

Then cats started dying. Max, someone's pet Siamese, was the first non-bovine victim of the disease. Infectious pet food was implicated as the cause of Max's death from a never-before-described feline spongiform encephalopathy.

Then young people started succumbing to a human spongiform encephalopathy called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a relentlessly progressive and invariably fatal dementia, often involving weekly deterioration into blindness and seizures as their brains became riddled with holes. CJD appears sporadically in one in a million people, but typically strikes only the elderly. The new cases among teenagers were dubbed "variant" CJD, a disease now understood to be caused by consuming contaminated meat (or by getting a blood transfusion from someone who did).

Despite massive contamination of the food supply, no more than a few thousand people are expected to die, suggesting a robust transmission barrier between cows and humans when it comes to BSE. The same may not be true of the atypical forms of BSE found in California and in the last two mad cows in Texas and Alabama. Experimental models of human infection suggest that the type of mad cow disease discovered in the California case "is a more virulent BSE strain... in humans," with "higher transmissibility" and causing a swifter death.

Just as one in a million people sporadically get CJD, evidence suggests one in a million cattle get atypical BSE. The U.S. cattle population hovers around 100 million. Though there is evidence some of these sporadic human cases of CJD may be associated with infected cows or sheep, case control studies tie CJD more closely to the consumption of pork. A study co-authored by D. Carleton Gajdusek, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his research on these diseases, found that "consumption of pork as well as its processed products (e.g., ham, scrapple) may be considered as risk factors in the development of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease."

Though pigs have been proven susceptible to a porcine spongiform encephalopathy, the National Pork Producers Council claims that no naturally occurring cases of "mad pig" disease have ever been discovered. The Consumers Union, publisher of Consumer Reports, however, has petitioned the federal government to reopen an investigation into a case in which a USDA veterinarian may have found a cluster of suspect pigs in upstate New York.

New research just found that unlike the British strain, the atypical forms of BSE found in the U.S. cause animals to have difficulties in standing up, so instead of mad cow disease, it's more of a downer cow disease. Since we continue to feed slaughterhouse waste and blood to pigs, this raises the question whether any of the hundreds of thousands of downed pigs that arrive at slaughter plants every year in the U.S. may be infected.

It's ironic that this new case of mad cow disease was discovered in California where a law excluding downed animals from the food supply was recently overturned by the Supreme Court.

In 2008, an undercover investigation by The Humane Society of the United States of a dairy cow slaughterplant in California showing that downers were being dragged to slaughter for school lunch hamburgers prompted California to strengthen its laws to keep downer livestock out of the food supply. The meat industry, represented by the National Meat Association and the American Meat Institute, responded by successfully suing the state of California to keep meat from downed animals on people's plates on the grounds that only USDA had the authority to determine which animals should not be forced to the kill floor for humane or public health reasons.

Sick animals can lead to sick people. An unequivocal ban on the slaughter of any farm animal unable even to stand may reduce the public health risk of myriad threats from anthrax and E. coli to swine flu and Salmonella. Spongiform encephalopathies are a special case, though, as they are caused by infectious agents that cannot be eliminated by cooking, pasteurization, or the rendering process used to make pet food. In fact, infection can survive even incineration at temperatures hot enough to melt lead. It is therefore the meat industry's responsibility to prevent sick animals from entering the food chain in the first place, by instituting a "bright line" ban on the slaughter of all downed livestock. In the California case, the animal was killed before she could be slaughtered. Next time we might not be so lucky.

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12:59 PM on 05/09/2012
The reason it's VARIANT CJD is because NORMAL CJD occurs spontaneously in humans, just like the BSE strain in the California cow. There's no such thing as 'mad pig', and becoming paranoid about our food supply (rather than duly cautious) isn't going to help matters. Since prion diseases can only be diagnosed by an autopsy of the brain, there are probably a lot of folks with CJD misdiagnosed as having Alzheimer's or something...and most of it is probably the spontaneous version, not the diet-transmitted version. Your raw salad still remains a greater risk of transmitting a deadly food borne disease. Nothing in life is safe.
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Mike Armstrong
04:56 PM on 05/06/2012
Exactly. But it won't happen without a fight. How unfortunate that our government generally and the USDA in particular have been purchased by corporate money.
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mlaiuppa
Pres. Sarcasm Society. Like we need your approval.
10:04 PM on 05/05/2012
If ever there was need to prove our government is run by corporations and it's sole purpose was to provide profit to said corporations, this is it. I would hope every country in the world would ban imports of any meat or meat product from the U.S.

If ever there was a case for buying local, humanely raised beef, pork, chicken and lamb, this is it. Know your sources. And anything produced by the U.S. Big Agra Corps. is suspect. They really don't care how many of us they kill. There will always be more people. People have to eat. And plenty of people are too poor to buy anything other than their cheap poison.
schatsie
Wall Street is Worse than Vegas
05:46 PM on 05/06/2012
It scares the heck out of me that the kids in the schools are being fed hamburger because that is ground up from thousands of animals....If I had my way, the school cafeterias would be vegan.....
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mlaiuppa
Pres. Sarcasm Society. Like we need your approval.
04:11 PM on 05/07/2012
And you notice whenever they announce a problem it's always months after the meat was distributed to school. Do they think it sits in a freezer for 6 months? No. It was consumed by children within the week.

Children don't vote and have no money so they have no voice.

If i were a parent, I would not allow my child to eat any food from the cafeteria. Now when the USDA is working hand in hand with the Big Agra profiteers to poison the next generation.
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deweaver
Scientist, businessman, semi-retired
04:58 PM on 05/05/2012
It's sadly characteristic of the Humane Society to not let facts and reality get in the way of selling FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt). Referencing a scientific paper, they claim the paper says it "is a more virulent BSE strain... in humans," with "higher transmissibility" and "causing a swifter death". The actual paper says: " their transmissibility and phenotypes in humans are unknown". This is a classic example of misquoting.

The paper goes on to say: "The pathological prion protein isoforms in BASE strain-infected humanized Tg mouse brains are different from those from the original cattle BASE or sporadic human prion disease. Minimal brain spongiosis and long incubation times are observed for the BASE strain-infected Tg mice". Translation means the disease prion was different in the test mice and the disease developed slower with less "spongiosis" (holes in the brain). How this becomes translated into "swifter death" is a miracle of the biased believing mind.

Perhaps the PR objective of obtaining more power is far more important that the truth.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
09:25 PM on 05/05/2012
Perhaps you should take the threat of brain damage more seriously.
schatsie
Wall Street is Worse than Vegas
05:47 PM on 05/06/2012
Wait until you hear the results of autopsies on people who are supposed to have Alzheimers and have Mad Cow disease instead.....
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pjlim
11:33 AM on 05/05/2012
I failed at being a vegan, almost made it being a vegetarian.........time to try again.
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mlaiuppa
Pres. Sarcasm Society. Like we need your approval.
10:20 PM on 05/05/2012
Check for local CSAs. You might find a local farmer that provides local, organic, humanely raised poultry, pork, beef and/or lamb. Supplement the reduced intake of meat with more legumes. I'm experimenting with my own home-made chili from scratch. There are endless versions of chili as well as cornbread.
10:48 AM on 05/04/2012
Quote: "In 2008, an undercover investigation by The Humane Society of the United States of a dairy cow slaughterplant in California showing that downers were being dragged to slaughter for school lunch hamburgers prompted California to strengthen its laws to keep downer livestock out of the food supply. The meat industry, represented by the National Meat Association and the American Meat Institute, responded by successfully suing the state of California to keep meat from downed animals on people's plates on the grounds that only USDA had the authority to determine which animals should not be forced to the kill floor for humane or public health reasons."

Nice 'end around', there, Dr. Greger. Jump immediately from "downer cows" at Hallmark to the SCOTUS overturning a ban on "downer animals". I suspect that you know full well that the "downer animals" included in the bill that was overturned included everything - not just cows. I also suspect that you know, full well, that it has been ILLEGAL to slaughter downer cattle for human consumption for over 8 years now. Did you also know that it is illegal to process "downer" cattle into feed for ANY OTHER ANIMAL if they are over 30 months old (globally accepted age before which BSE isn't an issue), and if under 30 months old specific-risk materials (SRM's) still have to be removed prior to rendering?

BTW, the people who were running Hallmark/Westland ought to be in jail, if they aren't.
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Michael Greger, M.D.
01:24 PM on 05/04/2012
Unfortunately, it was still legal to slaughter downer cows for human consumption up until 2009, when our Hallmark investigation was successful in closing a loophole in the law (http://hsus.typepad.com/wayne/2009/03/obama-downers.html). Other downer livestock--such as pigs and sheep--continue to be funneled onto our plates, though, along with the associated risks I describe above. That's why California took action to stop this practice, yet the meat industry went all the way to the supreme court to eliminate those food safety protections.

You also appear mistaken about the 30 month cut-off. There have been dozens of cases of mad cow disease confirmed in cattle younger than that (http://vla.defra.gov.uk/vla/vla_ati_020205.htm). In Japan, where they test all cattle presented for slaughter, they've found cases as young as 21 months. In contrast, our USDA won't even allow private companies to test their own cattle at their own expense (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creekstone_Farms), another case in which there were court battles on behalf of of the meat industry to weaken food safety rules.
schatsie
Wall Street is Worse than Vegas
05:49 PM on 05/06/2012
Thank you for responding.... It is great reading your articles on Huff
11:21 PM on 05/06/2012
Does the humane society consider the slaughtering of cattle for human consumption immoral?
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mlaiuppa
Pres. Sarcasm Society. Like we need your approval.
10:22 PM on 05/05/2012
That doesn't stop them from prodding and otherwise forcing animals that are on the brink of being down to slaughter. The bottom line is that corporations only care about profit. Their greed is tainting our food supply.
09:52 AM on 05/04/2012
Well, you would think that both the Chicken Industry and the Beef Industry would take notice.....

You probably can't catch mad cow from chicken....

If I was a chicken farmer, I'd be posting that everywhere
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pixeloid
Reality has a liberal bias.
05:06 AM on 05/04/2012
"It is therefore the meat industry's responsibility to prevent sick animals from entering the food chain"
"Industry" and "responsibility" simply don't make sense in the same sentence. This is the same kind of "responsibility" that sued to keep forcing us to eat toxic meat.
02:58 AM on 05/04/2012
This is the problem with allowing big business to write the rules. It's time to get some real democracy.
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mlaiuppa
Pres. Sarcasm Society. Like we need your approval.
10:23 PM on 05/05/2012
With ALEC and Citizens United?

Good luck with that.
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BigBearcatBill
This is the real Bearcat - a Binturong
02:28 AM on 05/04/2012
Just blow the minds of the meat and especially the beef industry who runs their cattle in areas that pollute streams and overgraze on public lands, eat vegetarian for a week and they will crap their pants. Beans, nuts espcially almonds, cheese, eggs, and fish if you have to eat meat are much better for you. Soy products have as good of protein as meats basically, milk is equal too. Meat is not a necessaty but if you want it which I do sometimes, go fish such as tuna or salmon in a can if on budget, chicken, turkey, pork and skip the beef unless you really want a good steak. Cut the greasy burgers.
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UnknownSolider
11:20 AM on 05/04/2012
I know you mean well, but its better to just tell people if they want to eat meat raise their own cows. The information you just provided really wont help anyone looking for it.
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BigBearcatBill
This is the real Bearcat - a Binturong
11:40 AM on 05/04/2012
That works for people who have the land - what is that 0.0001% of pop. My guess is 99% of beef products eaten by folks that live in apartments or homes without acreage. America, the land of food providers that will feed you sawdust if they can get away with it, and yes they are republicans.
schatsie
Wall Street is Worse than Vegas
05:51 PM on 05/06/2012
and they used to put formaldehyde in milk.....
08:27 PM on 05/04/2012
Even the US Govt scientists acknowledge that high consumption of soy leads to lower sperm concentrations in men, and that it is an endocrine disruptor... There is good and bad in meat-based diets and in veg-based diets - and keeping away from highly processed ANYthing is best - whether a twinkie, a nitrate-laden "cold cut" or tofurkey ;) The best beef cattle are cows that eat what nature intended - grasses in the sunlight - not grains and chemicals in the feedlot. Will this beef cost more? Absolutely. Is it worth it, in moderation? Yes. If one chooses to consume meat, one should consume a decent quality of it - just as one would choose the best tomato or melon in the market!
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BigBearcatBill
This is the real Bearcat - a Binturong
10:27 PM on 05/04/2012
thanks for your fine tuned info, we need to get it out to everyone especially those on very limited budgets in areas with little selection, like the poor neighborhoods. USA - most info and research but least follow through on using it for the people needing it the most, the poor.
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BigBearcatBill
This is the real Bearcat - a Binturong
11:48 PM on 05/04/2012
Will work for the upper class and maybe single working class, but poor have to eat the stuff that is down the street from them in the junk and fast food places. Good points, and maybe in a gerneration or two most people will have that available - remember the proportion of beef being available to the masses, if everyone went for your stuff it would cost as much as gold and only a few still could get it unless you can change a few cattle barons which ain't likely because they want to be rich. Become a beef quality hippie protestor and good luck but watch your head, the junk food beef industry could get violent.
01:22 AM on 05/04/2012
they test 40,000 cows out of 35 million for Mad Cow.

since they found one, statistically that means there should be 875 Mad Cows in the food supply.
02:06 AM on 05/04/2012
They test suspected cows. Not random ones. Big difference.
03:00 AM on 05/04/2012
They are still going to miss a lot. By the time the cow cannot walk, the infection has destroyed a large part of the brain. The fact that they haven't banned downer cows tells you our meat supply is not safe.
04:06 AM on 05/04/2012
so go ahead and give your children lots of california beef.
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pixeloid
Reality has a liberal bias.
05:19 AM on 05/04/2012
WAY more than that. Downer cows and other variants are NOT classified as BSE. Also (according to info the USDA used to have on it's site), when a positive is found, all testing on the local herd STOPS. The owner (not the public) is informed, and it's up to the owner to take appropriate action. It's a miracle we would EVER actually hear of a case, no matter how prevalent it is. Cows are also being slaughtered at a younger age, before they start showing symptoms of the disease.
12:15 AM on 05/04/2012
"It's ironic that this new case of mad cow disease was discovered in California where a law excluding downed animals from the food supply was recently overturned by the Supreme Court."

That law was a load of garbage. It was another HSUS shill law that included things like pigs that refuse to walk all the time when they are perfectly healthy. You want a law banning livestock cannibalism, or the use of legitimately sick animals for meat, great, but you want to paint a law designed and intended to destroy meat business because you work for a vegan nazi law firm posing as a humane society as a health issue, go fish.
01:22 AM on 05/04/2012
i hope your children eat lots of california beef.
02:08 AM on 05/04/2012
Classy... Don't debate the facts, just imply a wish of harm to another's children...
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Martin Musetsky
01:40 AM on 05/04/2012
0 fans and a Godwin reference. Paid t r o l l ?
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unfoxworthy
We:ScottOlsens,the misfits,out to change the world
11:49 PM on 05/03/2012
Again, the power of the states to act as a gatekeeper against national and multinational corrupt "corporate persons" is usurped by a greed-based overarching pervasive federal government wholly owned and wielded by the 1%.
Have we had enough yet?
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mlaiuppa
Pres. Sarcasm Society. Like we need your approval.
10:39 PM on 05/05/2012
I have.

If I can't vote with a ballot I can vote with my wallet.

I stopped eating anything with HFCS. I notice more corporations are now discontinuing it's use, probably because I wasn't the only one voting with my wallet.

I'm buying organic ingredients and cooking from scratch to avoid GMO corn and soy. I will not buy farmed Atlantic salmon. I no longer buy products in cans lined with BPA.
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unfoxworthy
We:ScottOlsens,the misfits,out to change the world
07:13 AM on 05/06/2012
Great! All good points.
11:36 PM on 05/03/2012
As if mad cow isn't bad enough, USDA allows cattle producers to use poultry waste as a feed filler. They are feeding cows chicken poop folks. I was so disgusted I started a petition.

Pink slime is just the beginning- please sign.

https://www.change.org/petitions/usda-stop-feeding-cattle-poultry-waste
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hoover52
I love all of nature's furchildren
04:49 AM on 05/04/2012
Done! Posted to my FB page as well.
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LunaPark
Don't believe it until it's officially denied
10:33 PM on 05/03/2012
Government regulations prevent ranchers from testing for Mad Cow. The USDA, at the behest of industrial ranching, will not allow small ranchers to test for Mad Cow. The USDA is supposed to protect us, instead it's protecting industrial ranching. Isn't regulation just grand?
This user has chosen to opt out of the Badges program
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GoldwaterKid
Vote Person, Not Party
12:15 AM on 05/04/2012
Sounds like government regulations to me. Seems like the local ranchers would know a bit more about the animals they are raising than some fed from the city.
03:07 AM on 05/04/2012
Educate yourself on this issue, stop assuming that ranchers are these noble, infallible beings who should be above the law. Do you want there to be no laws?
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hoover52
I love all of nature's furchildren
04:53 AM on 05/04/2012
You have a lot more faith in human nature than I do. When it comes to the almighty dollar, people turn a blind eye.
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pixeloid
Reality has a liberal bias.
05:22 AM on 05/04/2012
This is what happens when industries write their own regulations.