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Michael Zimmerman, Ph.D.

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Who's Responsible for the Evolution/Creation Controversy? It's Not As Simple as Some Would Have You Believe

Posted: 07/10/2012 7:35 am

As the latest legislative season wound down with a large number of creationist bills introduced around the country and as the latest Gallup poll came out showing that creationism continues to enthrall many Americans, there were a flurry of articles discussing how to apportion blame for this sorry state of affairs. Oddly enough all seem to have missed some critically important aspect and thus the explanations offered explain very little.

The discourse began with a piece in The Atlantic by Robert Wright. His hypothesis is as simple as it is wrong! He argues that creationists and scientists agreed to a détente two decades ago and all was well until the "new atheists" came along to upset the status quo.

A few decades ago, Darwinians and creationists had a de facto nonaggression pact: Creationists would let Darwinians reign in biology class, and otherwise Darwinians would leave creationists alone. The deal worked. ... A few years ago, such biologists as Richard Dawkins and PZ Myers started violating the nonaggression pact. ... I don't just mean they professed atheism -- many Darwinians had long done that; I mean they started proselytizing, ridiculing the faithful, and talking as if religion was an inherently pernicious thing. They not only highlighted the previously subdued tension between Darwinism and creationism but depicted Darwinism as the enemy of religion more broadly.

Jerry Coyne, in his blog, "Why Evolution is True," rightfully took him to task for this position asking, among other things,
Is Wright unaware of the many court cases in which creationists didn't let Darwinians reign in biology class? The National Center for Science Education lists ten major court cases in which creationists tried to insinuate their filthy camel noses into the public-school tent. All of those took place between 1968 and 2005.

Beyond the court cases, stretching back for decades, there's no evidence of the peaceful coexistence claimed by Wright. Indeed, creationists have regularly lain virtually every one of society's supposed ills at the feet of evolution. And, at times, they even manufactured evils and attributed them to evolution. Consider the following five examples.
  1. In 1923, fundamentalist preacher T.T. Martin wrote, "The German soldiers who killed Belgian and French children with poisoned candy were angels compared with the teachers and textbook writers who corrupted the souls of children with false teaching and thereby sentenced them to eternal death."

  2. In 1977, the Creation Science Research Center argued that the teaching of evolution has led to "the moral decay of spiritual values which contributes to the destruction of mental health and ... [the prevalence of] divorce, abortion, and rampant venereal disease."

  3. In 1987, Ken Ham, now the head of the Creation Museum-cum-theme-park in Kentucky, asserted, "We are not experiencing an AIDS crisis -- but a morality crisis. The spread of AIDS can be stopped -- by simply rejecting false evolution and trusting in the Creator, the Lord Jesus Christ, and by obeying the laws he gave us."

  4. In 1999, then Congressman Tom Delay (now a convicted felon) argued on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives that Columbine happened "because our school systems teach our children that they are nothing but glorified apes who have evolutionized (sic) out of some primordial mud."

  5. In 2007, John D. Morris, president of the Institute for Creation Research pontificated on the cause of the tragic shootings on the Virginia Tech campus. "Virginia Tech has been a bastion for evolution teaching. While it is not possible to claim that evolution teaching itself was responsible for the recent actions of a madman, one can't help but wonder if a distorted view of man as an evolved animal played a part in the deranged killer's actions."

Simply put, there's no evidence that there has ever been a time when fundamentalists have accepted the status quo and opted not to challenge evolution. That being said, it doesn't mean that there's absolutely no truth to Wright's argument that the "new atheists" have played a role in shaping America's view of the evolution/creation controversy.

This is a point that Coyne disputes both vehemently and graphically, if less than persuasively, when he says "Wright is talking out of his nether parts." He goes on, more reasonably, to say, "The reason people choose religion over evolution is not because New Atheists tell them they have to make that choice. It's because their faith tells them they have to make that choice."

As head of The Clergy Letter Project, an international collection of religious leaders and scientists who promote evolutionary teaching, I have good reason to believe that the rhetoric of people like Coyne, Dawkins and Myers have, in fact, moved people away from a pro-science, pro-evolution perspective and toward religious fundamentalism. I've interacted with tens of thousands of clergy members over the years and I've been depressed by how many of them have pointed to the position of the "new atheists" saying that if they're the spokespeople for evolution, they want nothing to do with it. Have these clergy members actively promoted creationism? I have no way of knowing, but what they haven't done is promote evolution as have the thousands of their colleagues who have joined The Clergy Letter Project.

More perniciously, the "new atheists" have aligned themselves with biblical fundamentalists by consistently arguing that people must choose between religion and science. In fact, however, the goal of The Clergy Letter Project has been to demonstrate to religious people around the world that no such choice is necessary. Religion serves a very different purpose than does science and when religion makes no scientific claims there is no conflict between the two. There's good reason to believe that if people feel they must choose between the two, religion will more often come out on top.

Michael Ruse, writing in The Chronicle of Higher Education, makes much the same point that I just did. He goes on, however, to lay some of the blame at the feet of mainstream, rather than fundamentalist, denominations.

But when did you last hear the Catholic hierarchy holding forth about the need to teach evolution in schools and to expel biblical literalism? And I am not sure that a lot of the Protestant Churches are much better.

In this, he is every bit as wrong as Wright and Coyne. The Clergy Letter Project does exactly what Ruse claims needs to be done. Consider just this segment from The Christian Clergy Letter:
We believe that the theory of evolution is a foundational scientific truth, one that has stood up to rigorous scrutiny and upon which much of human knowledge and achievement rests. To reject this truth or to treat it as "one theory among others" is to deliberately embrace scientific ignorance and transmit such ignorance to our children. ... We urge school board members to preserve the integrity of the science curriculum by affirming the teaching of the theory of evolution as a core component of human knowledge. We ask that science remain science and that religion remain religion, two very different, but complementary, forms of truth.

It's hard to imagine a stronger statement in support of evolution being endorsed by anyone! And, it's important to note, the clergy of The Clergy Letter Project are not acting in a vacuum. Voices for Evolution, published by The National Center for Science Education, presents numerous doctrinal statements in support of evolution from a host of religious denominations.

Are the "new atheists" responsible for creationism in America as Wright argues? Of course not! But neither should they be immune from the criticism that their inflammatory language and derision of religion keeps many from more fully understanding science, in general, and evolution, in particular.

Are religious people responsible for promoting the continuing battle between evolution and creationism? Of course! But that does not mean that ALL religious people are playing this role. Religion is not synonymous with fundamentalism any more than Muslim is synonymous with terrorist. Indeed, thousands of religious leaders have become some of the most articulate and most outspoken supporters of evolution -- without compromising their religious faith.

 
 
 

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12:50 AM on 08/09/2012
Hello Mr. Zimmerman,

In your article your quote from the Clergy Letter Project: "We ask that science remain science and that religion remain religion, two very different, but complementary, forms of truth."

Could you please provide examples of "two very different, but complementary, forms of truth?"

In an effort to better understand this assertion could you, as founder of the CLP, please provide a few examples of "biblical truths" in contradistinction to "scientific truths" both of which are referenced in the Clergy Letter Project.

Cheers and Regards,

DF Batchelder
11:11 PM on 07/31/2012
I don't believe in evolution. There, I said it.

Science is not a matter of faith or belief. There's no such thing as (or at least there's no need for) the "Church of Darwin" or "Darwinism" or any of the other things creationists often claim. Science doesn't need my faith. The earth is round(ish) whether I believe it or not. Plate tectonics does its thing whether I believe the earth is 4 billion years old or not. And the data and science for biological diversity and evolution is there and useful for all sorts of important things like genetic engineering, DNA nanotechnology, bioinformatics, forensics, biological studies whether I believe it or not.

Religious and superstitious folks usually frame their opposition to (and fear of) science with the language and concepts they understand. And they don't understand science, the scientific method, etc. Unfortunately, there are far too many (voting) people who believe evolution and science is from the devil.
04:05 PM on 08/06/2012
Exactly... I don't "believe" in evolution - I just know it is a very probable theory and it probably is true from all the cases and evidences that we've studied so far.

I think it's an uncomfortable concept for very religious people, to feel uncertain.
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Steve McSwain
Author; speaker; spiritual teacher
06:07 AM on 07/25/2012
Great article Michael. Thanks for sharing it.
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stupid humans
08:48 AM on 07/19/2012
even if evolution was proved to be wrong...it DOESN'T mean there is a god......it's the 21st century why is religion still taken seriously ? I mean...seriously!
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Rock Biologist
My micro-bio is molecular.
05:51 PM on 07/18/2012
If someone accepts that God is the author of nature, then any study of nature should, in essence, be a study of God's handiwork. Or as Carl Sagan said:

In some respects, science has far surpassed religion in delivering awe. How is it that hardly any major religion has looked at science and concluded, "This is better than we thought! The Universe is much bigger than our prophets said, grander, more subtle, more elegant. God must be even greater than we dreamed"? Instead they say, "No, no, no! My god is a little god, and I want him to stay that way."
03:30 PM on 07/19/2012
I'll do you one better.

The study of biology should be the most holy endeavor of every Christian and Jew and Muslim. They all have a closely related version of the Genesis story.

And God's first command to Adam was to go and give all the creatures and plants names. That is classification, one of the fundamentals of biology.

So, if you believe in God, don't be a priest, go study biology :)
08:40 AM on 07/16/2012
Reality check: which of the four books is about evolution vs creationism?

Have you even read them?
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01:37 AM on 07/16/2012
Insofar as both religion and science operate as closed systems (and by that I mean they rely on the logic of numbers as proof of validity) both are subject to distortion. Neither life (and hence the sciences that study it) nor sense (what religion tries to make of life) are systems. Sure, those can be “systematized,” but more is ignored than acknowledged in the process. Therefore, to read the proclamations of each delivered to the other, as in this thread, is like watching a puppet show, Punch and Judy. What I enjoyed as a child no longer claims my attention as an adult. A pox on both your houses. And that's what I thought this article was all about.
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Rick Desper
05:42 PM on 07/18/2012
"Insofar as both religion and science operate as closed systems (and by that I mean they rely on the logic of numbers as proof of validity) both are subject to distortion. "

This is gibberish.
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11:51 PM on 07/18/2012
No, this is gibberish: In the weekly Science Times section professor Krauss first tells us that the photon is the particle that conveys electromagnetism. We’re told it has no mass. Next we’re told that particles that convey some force like electromagnetism (presumably, this would include photons) can interact with that otherwise invisible Higgs background field. As a result, these particles behave as if they have mass. But finally we are told that the photon doesn’t interact with the background field at all. For that reason, it remains massless.

No attempt is made to explain the difference between having mass and acting as if there is mass. But do photons interact with that background field? The story seems to change. –paraphrased from “The Daily Howler” 7/18/12
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stupid humans
08:47 AM on 07/19/2012
lay laughing at you
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12:36 PM on 07/19/2012
No extra charge for the entertainment value.
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Angel1999
Microbiologist & Historian
09:44 PM on 07/12/2012
OK, going on 3 hours waiting for comments to post. What's the hold-up?
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Arturo Ramrez
12:48 PM on 07/13/2012
I've found that journals that have the words "evolution, Mexico, Middle East, drugs, and gay", between others, are absurdly moderated by people that want to avoid harming people's sensitivities, but that don't have the slightest knowledge on the subject. This is to the point where perfectly reasonably points that have some terminology won't be posted or will take even days to do so.
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Angel1999
Microbiologist & Historian
03:13 PM on 07/13/2012
I'm sure that accounts for some of it.  However, I had one post where I was thanking someone for a compliment.  It took the same amount of time as the post regarding lactose intolerance.  Oh well, they're both there now.
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Tom Berndt
08:09 PM on 07/12/2012
Most Catholics have no problem with evolution. Evolution does not touch on faith at all. No matter how Homo Sapien Sapien became Homo Sapien Sapien, God is good.
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godlessliberal0
blasphemy is a victimless crime...
06:56 PM on 07/12/2012
The creationists on this thread are hilarious. They seem to think science is this massive conspiracy that only exists to try to disprove religion. If the evidence pointed to the existence of some higher power, scientists would be the first to admit it. The simple fact is that it doesn't. If you want to compartmentalize and continue with your belief, that's fine. Just don't use discredited pseudoscience and outright lies, and then pretend that you know something about the actual theories that you have a problem with. For God's sake (pun intended), most of you don't even realize that reaching the level of theory in the scientific method is a GOOD thing as your "it's just a theory" comments illustrate.
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jimboy71
Hen Diapheron Heautoi
10:11 PM on 07/12/2012
Which is hilarious, because their "proof" is a long game of Bronze Age telephone filtered through at least five languages, three of them extinct.
06:46 PM on 07/12/2012
Scientists have contributed to human civilization in so many great ways - understanding religion and philosophy, is not one of them.
08:59 AM on 07/13/2012
Sure it is. It's the Western clergy who keep trying to create a chasm where none exists between science, philosophy and religion.
06:49 PM on 07/13/2012
While I think there need not be any conflict between the two, the epistemological approaches are quite distinct. One deals with human life in so far as it is quantifiable, and the other asks, not about the materiality of human life, but about its meaning
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bertvan
http://30145.myauthorsite.com/
01:15 PM on 07/12/2012
When DNA was discovered, scientists assumed they now understood evolution. The concept of a gene for each human trait was compatible with the simplistic, materialistic philosophy many scientists were pursuing. I haven’t seen any reasonable speculations about how DNA might translate into non-physical entities such as thoughts or personality traits, however. Darwinists do speculate that the entire intricate process originates by “random mutation and natural selection."

Organisms are mixtures, sometimes adventurous and sometimes timid, self-centered and altruistic, conforming and rebellious. However natural selection is even said to be capable of "evolving" opposite traits in the same organism - simultaneously! How might "premature death or fewer offspring" possibly accomplishe such a thing? The "natural selection” explanation for lactose tolerance, for instance. Before animals domestication,, many adults lost ability to digest milk. The Darwinian explanation for acquired lactose tolernce is that a random mutation accidentally occurrs in one adult, and everyone but the descendants of that “lucky accident” perish. I doubt many people, if anyone, died from drinking milk. Those with a lactose intolerance just found something else to drink. Oh, a few people drank milk, and gradually acquired tolerance.

Mutations are purposeful efforts by organisms to adapt to living conditions. Organisms sometimes change, rather than passively waiting around to be eliminated by natural selection.

Berthajane Vandegrift
A Few Autistic Questions about Freud, Marx and Darwin
http://30145.myauthorsite.com/
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05:51 PM on 07/12/2012
"When DNA was discovered, scientists assumed they now understood evolution"

No they didn't. DNA was discovered in the 1870's by Meischer and that certainly didn't lead to anyone thinking that they had solved evolution.

"I haven’t seen any reasonable speculations about how DNA might translate into non-physical entities such as thoughts or personality traits"

You mean that you've rejected any such explanations.
05:54 PM on 07/12/2012
Thanks for the heads up, this is simply correct in issue that these species must be elimated in favour of their gene codes, i don't believe they went extinct but reproduced to extinction, those that not favored in their nature. Look at scientists they will try any kind of speculations is correct for evolution, they don't go further down their research to debunk their own process, its so simple. When we observe in their perspective then we question ourselves with enumerous questions various animals, why are all these animals different in physical trait, though all these animals reproduce and adapt with selection in nature and still are able to look familiar, if you look at evolution then you can say that all animals would be familiar if they evolved in nature, would a deer run in the waters trying to survive and up a whale, a whale was made for that purpose. So all these types of species have evolved in their own nature.
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Angel1999
Microbiologist & Historian
08:35 PM on 07/12/2012
I think what you're suggesting is that scientists find what they want and don't look further. This simply couldn't be further from the truth. The entire scientific method is predicated on the attempt to falsify your hypothesis, not to prove it.

In other words, you formulate a hypothesis and then go looking for the evidence that will *disprove* it. If your experiment/observations fail to disprove the hypothesis then the hypothesis is accepted.

The rest of your statement is unintelligible. There is no mechanism proposed for evolution that requires organisms to evolve in one way or the other. That's totally dependent on the environment in which the population of organisms finds itself.
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jimboy71
Hen Diapheron Heautoi
10:11 PM on 07/12/2012
Gibberish.
12:46 PM on 07/12/2012
I had thought to make some other point, but after reading through the comments it is obvious that Dr. Zimmerman's thesis has been blown out of the water by them.

I will only add that I became an atheist on purely metaphysical grounds and only AFTER becoming an atheist did I accept the fact of evolution. Upon learning more about evolutionary science, it was difficult indeed not to become angry at the many professors and apologists who had LIED to me about evoluton and creation while I was obtaining my biblical studies degree at an evangelical college.

Free at last from disreputable and fatuous nonsense. Free at last, free at last. The truth did finally set me free, and to the degree that I use the fact of evolution to begin doubting their religious faith, it is only to share the wealth. I do not hate religion or the religious, and my experience in Christianity was close to 100 percent positive. I just really, really like being right even more.
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godlessliberal0
blasphemy is a victimless crime...
05:45 PM on 07/12/2012
first fan
09:49 AM on 07/12/2012
My wife claims I am an atheist. I prefer to say I am a "nonbeliever" or "agnostic." I choose not to say I am an "atheist," because I see no way of PROVING that God or gods don't exist in some unknowable dimension. I am a little irritated that those who otherwise agree with me (mostly) regarding science and origins, claim to know what they cannot know. Their position is a little too dogmatic, much like that of those who accept the opposite perspective.

Darwin and Wallace did not really know much about either population or molecular genetics. Many brilliant people who advanced understanding in these fields along the way, also had limited understanding that has been revised on the basis of continually emerging evidence. More is now known about how evolution occurred than was ever previously known, and much remains to be learned.

I have no doubt that changes in complex systems within environmental contexts results in emergent properties gaining functional relevance, and that resulting adaptive functions are tested in the crucible of reality and the functions and those in which they exist either survive to reproduce or don't. But this also means that functional or adaptive "trajectories" exist--not in the sense of being goal directed, but in the sense that what exists places limits on the kinds of variation that can occur. That can create a pathway along which adaptation and refinement and further emergent properties can develop.
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dan54b
01:47 PM on 07/12/2012
Then perhaps you do not know what an atheist is. An atheist does not "claim to know" anything as atheism is a position of disbelief not one about knowledge or lack there of. Anyway, the terms are not mutually exclusive as you can be an agnostic atheist, agnostic theist or even a gnostic theist/atheist. Do you see the distinction?
03:23 PM on 07/12/2012
Not really. It does not matter much to me. I just think the author has a point about atheists who are about to "evangelical" in seeming to claim to be able to prove there is no God. I do not KNOW there is no God, but I do not think there is--other than the God concept invented by humans (in their images).
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godlessliberal0
blasphemy is a victimless crime...
06:05 PM on 07/12/2012
I've always found the labels of theist, agnostic, and atheist to be too deterministic. I also object to the idea that the existence of a theistic god is a 50-50 proposition which the staunch use of those terms seems to imply. I self identify as an atheist but atheism and agnosticism are not mutually exclusive. Nor are theism and agnosticism. You should check this out as I feel it is a much more accurate way of explaining exactly what someone thinks/believes...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_of_theistic_probability

I'm probably somewhere between a 6 and a 7. I certainly can't prove that no supernatural god exists but with science consistently whittling away at what the beings role could possibly be anyway, I'd be willing to bet against it.
12:45 AM on 07/12/2012
We can state that apes did not evolve to become as intelligent as humans, though they took a different path inside their family three. We should also study if that all apes today have existed with extinct apes and understand if modern apes evolved from other types of apes. My estimation is that a first kind naturally selected in nature producing many types and that some of them went extinct when they were situated into an environment that changed them over time. This new habitation should have taken the time needed for that specie to evolve into a new form and not reproduce its original complexity. While this formation took place I can clearly see why that ape is not able to mate with others, it does not share enough traits or dna information to interbreed with others. The lost data will prevent it from reproducing its original kind or either change back to its original kind. Why would the creator create species to look like a horrible creature as we expect in evolution, he did not intend to make it look unfamiliar from its design?