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Mohamed A. El-Erian

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Is German Bad News Good News for Europe?

Posted: 11/01/2012 7:32 pm

With so many understandably focused on Hurricane Sandy and its aftermath, few noticed this week's economic numbers out of Germany -- a key part of the European puzzle. Yet the latest data releases could well prove consequential.

Germany is quite an economic success story. It is also the world's fourth largest economy, and its role in Europe is both central and critical.

So far, Germans have been immune from the mess around them. While other euro zone economies have experienced economic contraction, high unemployment and periodic financial scares, Germany has maintained exceptional stability -- so much so that the unemployment rate even reached historic LOWS (yes lows) earlier this year.

Most agree that a good part of Germans' good fortune is home grown; but not all.

For years, Germany has maintained fiscal discipline and implemented deep structural reforms. But it has also benefited from the weaker currency associated with its membership of the euro zone. And its borrowing costs have been lowered by all the "flight capital" coming into the country from struggling neighbors.

Yet it is not all this straightforward.

Some feel that Germany's success has undermined its ability to comprehend what other euro zone economies are going through. Consequentially, the collective response to the region's existential debt crisis has consistently been too little, too late.

Others disagree. For them, Germany's strength acts as an anchor of relative stability for the euro zone as a whole -- both present and future.

This is where this week's data releases come in.

Germany's jobs numbers disappointed as unemployment rose by more than expected. Meanwhile, economic confidence numbers deteriorated.

These indicators confirm that German economic growth is weakening, and, most likely, will continue to do so in the months ahead. But it is not clear what this evolving economic turn in Germany means for the rest of Europe.

Will it make Germans more insular or, instead, cause them to engage more constructively in a region-wide solution? We should hope for the latter but worry about the former, as it's essentially a toss-up at this stage.

Stay tuned.

Mohamed El-Erian is the CEO and Co-CIO of PIMCO, which oversees nearly $1.8 trillion in assets and runs the Pimco Total Return Fund, the largest bond fund in the world. His book, "When Markets Collide," was a New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller, won the Financial Times/Goldman Sachs 2008 Business Book of the Year and was named a book of the year by The Economist and one of the best business books of all time by the Independent (UK).

Cross-posted from CNBC.com

 
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With so many understandably focused on Hurricane Sandy and its aftermath, few noticed this week's economic numbers out of Germany -- a key part of the European puzzle. Yet the latest data releases cou...
With so many understandably focused on Hurricane Sandy and its aftermath, few noticed this week's economic numbers out of Germany -- a key part of the European puzzle. Yet the latest data releases cou...
 
 
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03:04 PM on 11/04/2012
As German productivity continues to hold Europe together, the bigger challenges face the looming collapse of post-War social economics... Some pre-election reading http://www.invertedalchemy.com/2012/11/austerity-progress-in-retrograde.html
Vampire111
FiscalConservSociallib-constitutionalist
01:30 PM on 11/04/2012
Its not a toss up. The german people are pissed off already and this will just make them (appropriately) more insular and less likely to want to provide charity elsewhere
ubrew12
that crazy uncle from Amarcord
12:36 PM on 11/04/2012
Didn't German and French banks get away with highway robbery in the popped housing bubble? In a manner similar to Wallstreet, they over-leveraged their capital via derivatives, put it into too many houses in the 'Sunbelt countries' (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece) and then escaped when that bubble popped, leaving the locals to deal with the resulting debt through austerity.

The entire derivatives process results in banksters with more 'money' than sense. It's criminal to see them hatch so much debt, pass it on to hapless homeowners, and then get made whole by sovereign nations increasing their debtload to compensate.
12:03 PM on 11/04/2012
Let's remember who first violated the European Stability Pact back in 2003 that set a precedent for the periphery nations running up their debts -- Germany and France! And they used their position to avoid any punishment at all.
10:45 AM on 11/04/2012
Germany can survive with the euro...the euro wont survive without Germany
12:03 PM on 11/04/2012
Actually a study by UBS a while back showed that Germany would suffer a 25% first year decline in GDP if the euro collapsed. By comparison, the US economy declined by 26% over the first four years of the Great Depression. Even if the study is off by a few percent, Germany can't afford for the euro to collapse.
12:10 PM on 11/25/2012
Actually Germany has a real economy based on technology and production unlike the US which if would run out if ink it would be screwed as it couldn't print more dollars, letting other nations to support it's inflation. Isn't this somehow a parasitic way of life?

Furthermore as the German economy is based on production and the raw materials are imported, a stronger currency would make more affordable these imports, so the price of the final product won't change. Or we would just print money as the US does.
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09:36 AM on 11/04/2012
German workers had to take some pretty big pay cuts to stay competitive with their imports. Their social safety net is much better but their actual take home pay is pretty low... The playing field is more level, the bosses don't make a zillion times more than the workers but it's still dog eat dog capitalism... In the end you get a subsistence level pay and an apartment and a bus pass so you are not homeless. I guess that's something but workers' paradise it's not...
12:13 PM on 11/25/2012
Exactly, from a 50000 Euros gross you are taking home monthly 2000 and something Euros the rest going to the state as taxes.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
farmerlady
Blonde, Democratic socialist, and unwilling expat
05:45 AM on 11/04/2012
Part of Germany's success can be explained by the fact that their manufacturing base has remained in the country and is a source of great pride. Manufacturing and engineering companies are also in possession of huge patent portfolios, which makes the Germans the virtually uncontested owners of much future hi-tech. The EU patent office is even located in Munich. Take for example finely calibrated medical equipment. The latest CAT scan machine costs millions, and if you are a hospital, are you going to buy it from Siemens or from a Chinese company which has produced a knock off illegally (I have no idea if this is even possible, but just as a thought exercise)? 'nough said.

The German economy has a huge head start, for better or for worse, and some of the reasons are very basic.
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VANDERGRAAFK
Teacher
11:47 AM on 11/03/2012
As long as Germans - like far too many Americans - remain fixated on debt, then the alleged profligacy of others will continue to be met with demands for austerity EVEN IF this means that the German economy will weaken because of the economic decline induced by austerity. Greece remains a thorn in the German soul because Greece never ever should have been allowed to enter the Euro. It lied to get into the common currency and continues to promise and fail to deliver on its promise to keep its lifeline to the Euro afloat. But, the tendency to conflate the unique problems posed by Greece with the problems facing the other PIIS only postpones necessary changes to the Euro monetary regime that Germany - unfortunately - pursues with delay after delay. If the Euro is to be saved, perhaps both Germany and Greece need to leave. When Germans have to finally deal with the rising cost of an increasing currency value and experience the difficulty of maintaining low employment with a currency that prices the nation's goods and services out of the international marketplace, perhaps sanity will set in. Until then, it seems as if blaming the victims (Spain, Portugal, Ireland) will carry the day.
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muck-raker
give me liberty or give me death
06:31 AM on 11/04/2012
great post
12:22 PM on 11/25/2012
You couldn't be more wrong. As the base of the German economy is manufacturing the raw materials are imported. Thus the acquisition of these materials would be much cheaper. Furthermore the DM would be strong if the investors would trust the German economy and would invest in the currency, thus we could just print money (as the Americans do) without supporting the inflation.

It is becoming clearer for the Germans that we cannot afford to have all the current member states in our club, thus preferring a closer and stronger union with countries with similar culture, ethics and economy. These should be Germany, Austria, Holland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. Let the south to have their own union, currency and laws.
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Joseph Raymond Herrera
12:30 AM on 11/03/2012
El-Erian’s is typical U.S. borne view of Europe. No, Germany made clear that they want to share their fate with the other europeans counterparts. They attract capital from mostly the southern countries in Europe because of their strength and sound fiscal policies. Germany understand clearly that their fortunes is linked to development within their neighbours.
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Stefan Bast
Just a punk from Hamburg, Germany.
05:26 AM on 11/04/2012
Really? I can't hear so many statements about that "clear understanding" over the choir of complaints about Merkels "reckless spending" in German press and public.
03:30 PM on 11/02/2012
I don't think that lending money to the South so that they can buy BMWs on credit and never pay back will provide a lasting solution to relatively meager German problems.
03:14 PM on 11/02/2012
An important piece of the German "success" is that it has come at the expense of German workers. Germany's wages have been suppressed for a decade now — when adjusted for inflation, German wages have declined over that time. German wages have also declined relative to other wages within the eurozone, which has what has made German exports so competitive. http://wp.me/p2cpPS-t.

Also, let us not forget that Germany is a big winner under the euro — for German exporters, the euro is under-valued. Which means that the euro is over-valued for most other eurozone countries. If Germany were still using the DM, the DM would have risen considerably in value against other currencies, eroding Germany's advantage. Conversely, countries like Greece and Italy could de-value their currencies, thereby making adjustments without the entire burden being imposed internally (i.e., draconian wage cuts, etc.).

But Germany can't win this forever — let us not forget the zero-sum nature of international trade. As Germany's export markets weaken, German wages are too low to pick up the slack due to the decade of wage cuts. That means problems there — as German manufacturers' profits come under increased pressure, cuts become inevitable. That means cuts in Germany, with the workers whose sacrifices during the past decade on which rests the German boom taking the brunt of it.

Austerity does not stop at borders.
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VANDERGRAAFK
Teacher
11:52 AM on 11/03/2012
Just to add, as a German abroad, I should note that one of the sub rosa stories - unreported by the American media - is the debate in Germany over the fate of those elderly citizens living in poverty. Because Germany has no minimum wage, there are workers who have slaved their entire lives and have been unable to save enough for retirement as a supplement to retirement benefits tied to the wages earned during a lifetime of work. Poor earnings during the working years translate into poverty in the retirement years. To me, the consequences for internal demand are not inconsequential and the human cost is atrocious.
12:28 PM on 11/25/2012
Probably because you are living aboard, but we are retiring at 68, not many of us will have many years as pensioners, especially if we are paying to the south when they are retiring at 57 and 60 yrs. If you disagree, come back and pay your taxes here. From 50000 Eur/year you are taking home 2000 and something in a month.
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VANDERGRAAFK
Teacher
10:48 PM on 11/25/2012
Again, Herr von Kriegsdorf's commentary does not appear. I will respond, nevertheless.
Certainly one can question the differences in retirement ages within the Euro zone. And the recent election of Monsieur Hollande has reversed - in part - the Sarkozy inspired rise in the French retirement age.

If salvage of the Euro requires a Euro-wide policing of big banks and a stricter regulation of regional and local banks, then why not extend Euro regulation to the pension sector. I, for one, cannot think of a reason not to extend the retirement age for at least some sectors of society. A graduated retirement age would satisfy the needs of society and address some issues of equity. By this I mean, in general white collar workers have less physical burdens placed upon them during a lifetime of employment than manual workers, say, coal miners. Those exhausted by a life of hard, physical work ought to be able to retire at an earlier age than, say, a government bureaucrat.

Earlier retirement should not entail a reduction in benefits unless one chooses early retirement with reduced benefits. What I mean is that a government employee could expect to retire, say, at 70. If he or she chose to retire at 68, then a reduction in benefits should follow. A coal miner who retires at 62 - the hypothetical retirement age - should not suffer a corresponding drop in benefits. In short, retirement needs to be needs tested. Perhaps that would make the different retirement
12:25 PM on 11/25/2012
You're wrong. As the base of the German economy is manufacturing the raw materials are imported. Thus the acquisition of these materials would be much cheaper. Furthermore the DM would be strong if the investors would trust the German economy and would invest in the currency, thus we could just print money (as the Americans do) without supporting the inflation.
05:09 PM on 11/29/2012
Not all of Germany's raw materials are imported. I am afraid I am correct, because the value of what Germany exports is more than the value of what Germany imports — that is the net effect of Germany running a sizable trade surplus. The gain from cheap raw materials from abroad would be much less than the loss from exports becoming more expensive.
01:07 PM on 11/02/2012
Germany, China and many other countries have based their economy on EXPORTS. Everyone can't base their economy on exports. Someone has to have money to buy stuff. America is tapped out and no one else is jumping in. Plutocrat plans to export coal and petroleum from North America is stupid and requires a toleration of environmental damage that most people will not like. Communists and labor in China are likely to fight corporate control (for very different reasons) so more trouble is coming. Worldwide infrastructure is in bad shape requiring money to be spent in each country or fall into chaos. Wealth throughout the world is almost exclusively electronic or other forms of faith based money which can magically become worthless if the rich push things too far. Imagine trying to take away needed food in exchange for electronic money or paper when the peasants live meal to meal. If the rich keep pushing expect violence. I would like to say that people will react to conditions and deal with problems, but there is minimal evidence of that in the last 40 years.
12:54 PM on 11/02/2012
That's it, I'm moving to Germany :)
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bowser
08:25 AM on 11/04/2012
Good luck getting a visa.
04:07 PM on 11/04/2012
LOL I don't need a visa  to go to Germany.
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avicenna
12:35 PM on 11/02/2012
I can share some insight that seems to not be fully cognized about Germany's success. It is through its appreciation in the value of a talented, well-educated, and highly competent citizenry. I am a early-career scientist - Canadian born, raised and educated - who was awarded a fellowship by a German-government sponsored foundation whose main mandate is to "bring excellence in science to Germany". Their conservative (not by N American standards - but for European standards) head of gov't - Angela Merkel - is a physicist. They invest heavily in their education and innovation. Coming from a country that is resource-exploitive in its economy - I was amazed by Germany's investment in green energy and the fact they are an export economy based on manufacturing, innovation - and brilliant German engineering. Germany is a model for the world - as they minimize causing problems via initiating turbulance and war - and put far more energy into solving them - while doing a better job balancing their books than many other nations.
12:33 PM on 11/25/2012
Very well put. When I'm saying that I am a conservative the Americans think that I'm a kind of tea beggar, couldn't understand how can I be a vegetarian and caring about the nature.
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J T K
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?
11:56 AM on 11/02/2012
"Some feel that Germany's success has undermined its ability to comprehend what other euro zone economies are going through"

By which they mean, Germany is reluctant to give away its money just to support the black hole countries that can't support themselves because they are bankrupt and too structurally flawed to ever survive on their own when they aren't allowed to cheat.