"Indeed, Allah and His angels shower blessings on the Prophet. O you who believe! Ask blessings on him and salute him with a worthy salutation (Qu'ran 33:56)."
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is deeply revered in the Islamic tradition. Every time Muslims mention his name and every time they offer prayers, they seek blessings for him. For Muslims, the Prophet Muhammad's actions, words and silences all tantamount to divine law. No human has ever been so revered by so many. Prophet Muhammad is remembered and celebrated all the time by Muslims. After all, his name is Muhammad, which means the most praised one. Muslims glorify him in prayer and poetry:
"Do not ask me, friend; where is Muhammad?
Hidden in my heart, there is Muhammad!
Is there need to wander to Medina?
Here and there -- apparent is Muhammad.
In my heart and eyes resides forever
From the day of covenant, Muhammad ..."
-- Annemarie Schimmel, "And Muhammad is His Messenger"
But all is not well in the Kingdom of Muhammad. There is controversy raging for more than a millennium, surfacing every year over whether Muslims should celebrate the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad (Eid Milad Al-Nabi) or not.
This Feb. 4 (the 12th of Rabi al-Awwal) is the birthday of Prophet Muhammad. There are many who will celebrate his birthday (Mawlid) with abandon, immerse themselves in cherishing his memory and enjoy moments of spiritual ecstasy singing his praises. From Damascus to Delhi, Tehran to Timbuktu, there will be sweets, music, poetry and celebration. For them it will be as if the entire universe is chanting: Ya Muhammad, Ya Muhammad, Ya Muhammad... (O Muhammad).
Then there are those who will pretend as if there is nothing special about that day. They will scowl, frown, fume, and they will mutter bid'ah, bid'ah bid'ah ... (innovation) at those who partake in Mawlid. That day for them sadly, will hold no special joy.
This short article focuses on the two polar positions on Mawlid. The views of a vast number of Muslims basically are positioned between these two extremes. There are many who do not celebrate Mawlid but they do not frown upon those who do, and many of those who do celebrate it, but in a low key fashion.
The Anti-Party Party:
For nearly a thousand years, a minority of Muslim orthodoxy, including some jurists and more recently the followers of Wahhabi Islam (from Saudi Arabia), insist that celebrating Mawlid is a bid'ah, or innovation. Their argument is that God Most High has perfected His religion through revelation and through the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad. This is clear from the Qu'ran and some Hadith (prophetic traditions). Thus, any new practice, or ritual addition to the faith is innovation (bid'ah) and therefore must be rejected. Neither does the Qu'ran command Muslims to celebrate the birth of Prophet Muhammad, nor did the Prophet or his companions do so. For the anti-party group, therefore Mawlid is a bid'ah and unacceptable. Here are some of their sources:
"This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion. (Qu'ran 5:3)"
"Every innovation is a misguidance, and every misguidance goes to Hell fire. (Sahih Muslim)."
Based on the above sources and other hadith that forbid innovation, a minority of Muslims not only do not celebrate the Mawlid, but also condemn the celebration as un-Islamic and celebrators as those destined to go to hell.
The Party of Muhammad:
Many Muslims celebrate Mawlid. The practice began in Egypt in the 11th century and then gradually spread to other parts of the Muslim World. The main advocates of Mawlid are the Sufis, through whom this practice became a widespread tradition even as some jurists continued to oppose it.
Traditional scholars have developed a theology of Prophet Muhammad as the most important, most beautiful and the most perfect of all of God's creations. Using hadith and the Qu'ran, they argue that Prophet Muhammad was created from the light of God himself, long before Adam. They maintain that the universe itself was created for Prophet Muhammad long after he was created. They also conclude that the celebration of Prophet Muhammad's birthday is the celebration of tawhid (oneness of God), the birth of Islam and the birth of the one who is most beloved to God All Mighty.
For these scholars, the very existence of the universe is a celebration of the birth of Prophet Muhammad, so they find even the suggestion of not celebrating Mawlid appalling.
Here are some of their sources:
I must confess, I find the Sufi narratives on the Prophet Muhammad uplifting and also befuddling. They are at once beautiful and absurd. They are more like the ruminations of a highly imaginative lover than those of a systematic theologian. It's like saying my beloved is more beautiful than the moon. Wonderful thought -- one can sing it to music and also inspire and move people. But what does it mean for a person to be more beautiful than a lump of mud and rock? Many cultures for centuries, however, have marveled at its beauty. Undoubtedly, beauty lies in the heart of the beholder.
Sufi theories are intriguing because they are supported by sacred sources like the verse I cited above (5:15). Without the Sufi imagination, one would think that word "light" in 5:15 was metaphorical, as something that illuminates, meaning the Prophet's sunnah illuminates the shariah.
The Middle Path:
I agree with the anti-party group, that adding anything to Islam is a bid'ah, and that it violates and compromises the sanctity of divine revelations. But there's a caveat. We must not forget that rendering what is permitted as forbidden is just as bad as deeming what is forbidden as permitted.
We must be careful about how we define bid'ah. Why deprive Muslims the joy of celebrating the birth of Prophet Muhammad when we accept so many other things that are neither revealed in the Qu'ran nor introduced by Prophet Muhammad? Here is a short list to make my point. Isn't celebrating the Saudi National Day (Sept. 23) bid'ah? Well, they might say, yes, but it is not associated with Islam. How about visas for Hajj, or Hajj fees? Isn't that bid'ah? The Prophet and his companions never charged a Hajj fee.
Why pray 20 rakath in taraweeh? Rakath is a unit of prayer and taraweeh is the special night prayers in Ramadan. The defense that the second Caliph Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) deemed it bid'ah Hasanah -- the beautiful innovation -- complicates the matter further. Clearly this innovation is not leading to hell, since the Prophet himself attested that Caliph Umar was destined for heaven.
What about all the things we have done, since the Prophet's time, in the name of Islam, which neither the Prophet nor his companions did? For example, writing commentaries on the Qu'ran, formulating jurisprudence, inventing innovative legal methods like qiyas and developed the concept of the "Islamic state." Indeed, the Wahhabis seem to have no problem with monarchy; they condemn the celebration of Prophet's birthday, but condone Saudi monarchy. Is monarchy not bid'ah? Why permit monarchy and forbid Mawlid?
I am not comfortable with these sanctimonious double standards on bid'ah. I think the idea of no innovation applies to Islam alone -- Islam as understood from the famous hadith of Islam, Iman and Ihsan. According to it, Islam means tawheed (monotheism), five daily prayers, fasting during Ramadan, zakat (distributive justice) and performing the Hajj (the annual pilgrimage to Mecca). Any innovation in these categories or apart from them is unacceptable.
I find the Sufi theories of Prophet Muhammad's excellence very interesting, but too far from sacred texts to be employed in making legal rulings about the permissibility of an act of worship. I find it difficult to imagine celebration of Mawlid as a form of divinely ordained worship. We worship Allah the most high, not Prophet Muhammad, who is his messenger.
But, I also want to emphasize that a cardinal rule of Islamic jurisprudence is that "everything is permitted unless explicitly forbidden by either Allah or his Messenger." It is on this basis that we permit all the technological and institutional innovations, which were not present at the time of the Prophet and his companions. I find nothing in the Qu'ran or in the Prophetic traditions that explicitly forbids me from celebrating the Prophet's life, his teachings, his morality, his manners, his sacrifices, his struggles and his birth.
Hence, I conclude that celebrating Mawlid is not worship, but it is not forbidden either, like putting an air conditioner or an extravagant chandelier in a mosque. They add comfort and beauty to the place of worship, but are not elements of worship.
Muslims have their religion Islam, and they also have their culture. We celebrate marriages, we celebrate national days, independence days, and we celebrate the victories of our favorite soccer and cricket teams. We celebrate our children's achievements and now many American Muslims also celebrate Thanksgiving as a cultural holiday. Can we not then also celebrate the life of the man who is dearest to us without deeming it as an act of worship?
We do not want any divine reward for celebrating the Prophet's birthday, celebrating it is reward enough. It is enough that it is a pleasure here and now that neither embellishes the hereafter nor imperils it.
For me the day of Mawlid has extra meaning, for my daughter Ruhi was also born on the 12th of Rabi al-Awwal (1423). I consider it a special blessing. This Saturday, Feb. 4, I will go with my family to a nice restaurant for a double celebration. This marking period she got on the distinguished honor roll (all A's!), so she picks the restaurant. And, while we enjoy good food, I will regale my family with traditions and stories about the mercy, the wisdom, the compassion and the struggles of the most praised man -- Muhammad. Allah did not send him except as mercy to all the worlds (Qu'ran 21:107).
We will remember him, and we will celebrate him. Happy birthday Ya Muhammad (saw). Happy Birthday, Ruhi dear.
This article was first published by the AltMuslim blog on Pantheos.
Follow Muqtedar Khan on Twitter: www.twitter.com/muqtedar
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The Mawlid: A Time to Celebrate
Mawlid - Celebrating Prophet's Birth Good Bid'a مولد النبي بدعة Øسنة ...
Sheikh al-Islam lbn Hajar Al Asqalani, the commentator on al-Bukhari, said, "Anything that did not exist during the Prophet's time is called innovation, but some are good while others are not."
Abu Na'eem, narrated from Ibrahim al-Junaid, said, "I heard Ash-Shafi'i saying, 'Innovation is of two types: praiseworthy innovation and blameworthy innovation, and anything that disagrees with the Sunnah is blameworthy."
To a Protestant Christian praying to a dead person is worshipping her or him. In that case the sunna itself is far gone itself in worshipping Muhammad - he is constantly asked to intercede. To someone like myself celebrating his birthday is a tiny trivial extension of existing practice - comparable to a Catholic celebrating a Saint's Day.
Once again it seems like the real failure of the Salafi's (Wahhabists) is that they are not Salafi enough. If they would simply look at the doings of the real Salafis they would see they are still a long way from un-innovated Islam. Their betwixt and between rulings seem inconsistent to persons other than their unquestioning follower and illogical.
You dont have to celebrate it. You get no reward for celebrating it. You get no punishment for not celebrating it. You can sit in your home and do your own salawat upon the prophet pbuh. You are encouraged to it because depending on the celebration you go to, you may become closer to the Prophet pbuh (either by stories, lectures, or even just praising him) which will in turn bring you closer to Allah swt.
Learn the definition of what a true bid3ah is before you comment. It does not simply mean "innovation" as in doing something that wasnt done before. It means applying something new to the following of the religion itself, which this definitely does not fall into.
So what is the point of doing it?
Are Muslims instructed to 'do' things that are of no benefit even though it is clear within Al Qur'an that, " And I (Allah) created not the jinns and humans except they should worship Me (Alone)." ?
Furthermore, if you want clarification about any matter within Islam then:
"...If you differ in anything amongst yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger (saw) if you believe in Allah and the Last Day..." (Surah An Nisa [4], ayah 59).
Where is the reference to mawlid amongst the actions, non-actions, sayings, and non-sayings of the Prophet Muhammad saw?
Did the Prophet Muhammad (saw) leave something out of the Deen of Islam?
"Indeed in the Messenger of Allah you have a good example to follow for him who hopes in (the Meeting with) Allah and the Last Day and remembers Allah much." (Surah Al Ahzab [33], ayah 21).
"And verily, you are on an exalted standard of character." (Surah Al Qalam [68], ayah 4).
"...This day, I have perfected your Deen for you..." (Surah Al Ma'idah [5], ayah 3).
If any of this is important, surely "god" will give a clear answer.
Peace...JS
How far is one supposed to go in this emulation?
Peace...JS
This must read: "Why deprive OURSELVES the joy ... etc". We must never turn into self-appointed religious bosses and deprive others from anything. I'm sure you agree. --- Since 1979 I have developed an allergy for clergy, sorry. :)