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Murray Fromson

Murray Fromson

Posted: October 16, 2009 01:59 AM

Obama's Dilemma

What's Your Reaction?

By now, every journalist, official, professor and think tank guru within sight of Afghanistan has had an explanation for coping with the war. They've analyzed every aspect of the problem. But most of the solutions have been as clear as mud. Get out, stay in -- no wonder that the public truly isn't confused. It hardly can agree on what the United States should to do about a conflict that is costing American lives, not to speak of billions of dollars and declining support of an unpopular war. The state of the economy and the cost of health care are uppermost in the minds of most people.

On Tuesday evening, the outstanding PBS documentary, Frontline, examined what it described as "Obama's War." So it is, given the President's earlier support of the conflict.. The high-level meetings that are underway with his senior advisors at the White House may produce a solution. But, it won't please everyone.

Even the best reportage, first on Iraq and now Afghanistan by Frontline, is seen through a measured lens. Hardly a Taliban image or voice was seen or heard. The American point of view supporting the war got plenty of air time. The ever-confident Richard Holbrooke, President Obama's special envoy in Afghanistan and Pakistan, headed the list of those who generally reflected the U.S. perspective.

General Stanley McChrystal, whose thankless job is to win the war, articulated the problems inherent in the counter-insurgency scheme of things. But he did not say on camera what he has been saying in private for the past two weeks; that at least 40,000 more troops are needed if the Taliban are to be defeated. The echoes of General William Westmoreland's plea more than 40 years ago for an additional 206,000 troops in Vietnam came back to haunt me. Victory eluded him nonetheless which could be McChrystal's fate too if President Obama endorses his request.

McChrystal's recommendation reminded me of the warning expressed by three prominent figures associated with the Vietnam conflict. General Creighton Abrams, the late Army Chief of Staff; Caspar Weinberger, the former Defense Secretary and General Colin Powell, the onetime chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, all declared that the United States should never again involve itself in a major war without the overwhelming support of the American people. So far, an estimated 51% of the nation is opposed to the war, but that is hardly overwhelming.

Just like the Marines at the battle of Hue learned more than 40 years ago, guns alone could not defeat the enemy. The Marines unleashed enormous fire and air power in an effort to dislodge the North Vietnamese who were dug in from inside the walls of The Citadel in the center of the old Vietnamese capital. It was only after the Communists decided to withdraw that the fighting ended.

In Afghanistan, the gallant young men of Echo Company of the 24th Marines were shown unloading their firepower on the Taliban. But rarely, if ever, were the insurgents seen firing back from the ill-defined underbrush. Nonetheless, they were able to inflict troubling casualties on the Marines.

This war, unlike earlier coverage, was sanitized. No air or artillery strikes or gruesome casualties were shown, depicting the reality of the conflict. The gulf of understanding that existed between the Marines and local villagers was apparent. The young Marines, accompanied by interpreters whose identity was purposely obscured, were attempting to seek information from the picturesque Afghans. But it was clear from the hostile tone of their questions that the Marines would be frustrated. The frightening image of heavily-armed interrogators did not help them. They were not going to get much, if any information or cooperation from the villagers. The peasants were predictably cautious. The communications gap was too wide. The Marines simply could not explain themselves effectively, either in the local language, nor did they have a cultural understanding of how to approach villagers. As a result, the Marines seemed downright threatening, arrogant and impatient. It did not help their cause when it became clear that the interpreter could not speak or understand the local dialect.

Not meaning to overstate past history too much, the villagers in Vietnam were just as cautious. They too were confronted by Marines who could not speak Vietnamese. Fearing the return of the Vietcong after the Americans' departure, the villagers were predictably uncooperative. It is not my intention to criticize the Marines whom I covered and admired in combat, both in Korea and Vietnam. But I also lectured to senior grade officers in the Marine Corps over several years and I was stunned, watching the Frontline documentary, to see their troops' lack of language training in Afghanistan.

The war also dominated last Sunday morning's talk shows. Predictably, the networks, and for that matter, most American journalists, always turn to the same kind of insiders who are called upon during a time of crisis.The names change from war to war, but inevitably a cadre of ex-generals were invited to analyze the scope of the war. Their support of McChrystal was predictable, who by the way did not graduate from West Point until after the Vietnam conflict had ended. He did not shoulder either the burden or the frustrations of combat units in America's last major war.

To their credit, producer Martin Smith and his colleagues who worked on "Obama's War" depicted the crux of the problem which probably is Pakistan. The Taliban are a major problem in Afghanistan to be sure, but the more profound challenge may lie just over the border in Pakistan. How President Obama seemingly can act logically that would justify our continuing commitment to two countries that are plagued by corruption, religious fanaticism, underdevelopment and poverty is an unresolved dilemma. We have talked about nation-building in Afghanistan since the first time I visited there in 1957. Pakistan has been an adopted legacy of ours since the days of the Cold War. I remember from my visits there from the 1950s-80s when the United States poured billions of dollars into the Pakistan treasury in hopes of modernizing the country.

Washington supported every failed government that emerged during the post-partition years, separating Pakistan from India. We established the largest CIA base throughout Asia in Pakistan and we delivered to it endless amount of military assistance to an army whose officers three decades later are alien to us. All we cared about during the Cold War was maintaining an edge over Russia. But since the collapse of the U.S.S.R., stability has not emerged in Pakistan. Its failure to initiate land reform throughout the country has hardened the divisions between urban and rural aspects of its society. Its government seems unable to deal with the Taliban in its northwest provinces and the violence in the cities suggest the worst has yet to come.

Only when the day of reckoning arrives and the President discloses his latest evaluation of the war, will we know if his recipe is to continue a war without end or one from which we can walk away with some dignity in tact. Americans with any memory should remember that this entire mess began in Iraq and intensified in Afghanistan only after the nation and the world were misled by an atrocious lie. Or have we forgotten the alleged weapons of mass destruction that lured us into this latest quagmire?

By now, every journalist, official, professor and think tank guru within sight of Afghanistan has had an explanation for coping with the war. They've analyzed every aspect of the problem. But most of...
By now, every journalist, official, professor and think tank guru within sight of Afghanistan has had an explanation for coping with the war. They've analyzed every aspect of the problem. But most of...
 
 
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04:22 PM on 11/25/2009
The entire premise of comparing all wars to Vietnam is flawed. Murray covered Vietnam and views all wars in that light. The reality is that this war is most like the Phillipines. Easy to conquer hard to beat the insurgency, but if we stick it out we can do it. And lastly Iraq was not fought solely because of WMD the attack on Kuwait and on US planes in the no fly zone, as well as Saddam's kicking out of UN inspectors was sufficient justification for the war.
11:46 AM on 10/19/2009
I love how Afghanistan has become "Obama's war". Never mind that the vast majority of us supported the invasion back when we thought we were going after Osama bin Laden.
11:47 PM on 10/18/2009
The US and NATO must defend Afghanistan's frontier, assist with internal security, cooperate with NGO's and make every effort to work with the Afghans and the United Nations to construct a Constitutional Monarchy. Jeffersonian Democracy is not feasible but a Constitutional Monarchy is. Afghanistan's history demonstrates that a Constitutional Monarchy is the only feasible Western alternative to an Islamic Caliphate. If the West leaves Afghanistan abruptly then it leaves a power vacuum and all the moderate Afghans will be repressed or massacred. Afghanistan is a necessary war because, in the big picture, this is a clash between extremist Islam and the West. The invasion of Afghanistan was a just war. Make no mistake the Western world is invested in this and has an opportunity to repair the 30 year rape of Afghanistan and demonstrate the value of the nation-state system. The wise use of military power (guarding the border) to attain a feasible political solution (constitutional monarchy) is a sound strategy and based on Von Clausewitz's thesis On War. Escalation and the occupation of population centers is costly and unwise use of our military power. Let's be smart about this and help Afghanistan with the right force mix and a political solution - that is the "exit strategy." Read more at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/percy-blakeney/hold-the-line-in-afghanis_b_321156.html
06:47 AM on 10/18/2009
Murray talks like it is a communication problem solvable with some language classes: the real problem is that this is a traditional Afghani conflict between a Tajik faction and the majority Pashtuns.

For some reason the US is on the side of the Tajiks.

US soldiers are asking Pashtuns villagers to inform on their cousins or even themselves. It isn't going to happen.

The US troops walk out of the village, the Taliban don't even need to walk back in - they were they guys (with weapons) that they were talking to.

And what are Karzai and his mates doing? Pumping money out of course, while the going is good, knowing that they will have to retreat to defend their homelands against the Pashtuns when the US leave in about 2-3 years like all the other ferengi of the last 3000 years.
11:57 AM on 10/17/2009
I'm going to touch on the subject of our wealth or the envy of our wealth. If this is one of the reasons for the hostilities. What can you say about this? Why do we build this wealth? How do we build this wealth? Why do we consume about 45% of the worlds produced goods? Why does the world sell us 45% of the worlds goods? Why can't Afgans, Iraqi's, Iranians or any other hostile to the free world build wealth and prosperity? What is not right underneath their feet (raw resources)? What has this Allah not given to them that they cannot build for themselves or trade for? Maybe how they spend their days on earth might give them a clue. You can spend your days building or you can spend your days destroying
04:57 PM on 10/17/2009
Paul Krugman won his Nobel Prize in Economics for demonstrating that entrenched advantage very often outweighs natural advantage. That the nation that is first, or steadily dedicated, to an industry will continue to dominate even when another place might be much better suited for it (infrastructure, experience, etc.). The problem for any of these third world countries is that in any established market, there is a tremendous entry hurdle because of the nations that got there first. It's a big reason why opium is Afghanistan's only cash crop; it was the only industry without established competitors. In a natural market, Afghanis can't really do anything except subsistence farming or cut-rate resource extraction for foreigners (a la Africa).
11:57 AM on 10/17/2009
As I read this story I could not help but think of all the hats we are asking our Marines to wear.
Soldier, policeman, now diplomat. The problem as I believe is portrayed in the media, is that Afganistan is being used as a safe haven to produce threats against American interests. The only job these Marines should have is to find these terrorist arrest them and have the appropriate authority jail them. If these terrorist don't allow their capture then handing these terrorist their death is the only option left to our Marines. I have to sympathize with the plight of our Marines, since because of the "secrect society nature" of Al-qaeda their job is made extra-ordinarily difficult. It is difficult for our Marines to know who is friendly and who is the danger (until someone fires on them.) But this is the nature of our new world. We have an enemy to Freedom and Democracy that knows it cannot defeat the forces of the free world in a uniformed direct conflict. What ever their motivation, whether simple hatred, to spread Islam "by the sword", envy of our wealth or what ever; we can not rest until the threat has been diminished. We may get to point where this occupation may not lead to a dimminishment of this new style threat and our "morality" or "sensabilty" will lead us into a withdrawl of our forces. All we have is our love for "Freedom"!
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Chipher
11:50 PM on 10/17/2009
Langley on the phone, Frank.
06:12 PM on 10/16/2009
there isn't a musical piece ever written, long enough for "O"blivious to keep Fiddlin On
simply put: . "He Who Hesitates Is Lost" . . don't get any clearer than that
04:57 PM on 10/16/2009
Knowing Obama, he will come down firmly on both sides of the issue of staying in Afghanistan. He will send a token amount of additional troops and tell us that he is still reconsidering our mission there. Nothing will change, except the ever increasing number of our troops who will die there.
04:46 PM on 10/17/2009
Yeah. Obama has shown a disturbing tendency to think that the best solution is always found in the middle (much like Clinton 42). Probably more than a token number, but probably also not enough to make a critical mass for an all-Afghanistan strategy (at bare minimum 150,000 total personnel).
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Chipher
11:52 PM on 10/17/2009
One more troop is too many, and 1,000,000 is not enough to the Pentagonostal alcoholic.
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GrumpyinAZ
My opinion is worth every penny you paid for it
03:34 PM on 10/16/2009
McChrystal can't be trusted, he threw the Honor Code under the Bus with Tillman.
I'd have fired him and at least 100 other general Officers the first day
04:18 PM on 10/16/2009
He, is just one of many put in the position by bush cheney who are criminals as well, he and many others were put in there to continue their devious ways.
03:31 PM on 10/16/2009
In its advertisements, the "Rosetta Stone" claims to be the language translation software of the US military. Guess it doesn't work as well as they claim.
03:09 PM on 10/16/2009
In the documentary,
the marine asked the villagers
why they didn't open & use the local market.
The villagers said that the Taliban ordered them not to,
and would kill them if they disobeyed.

Same thing happened in Vietnam.
The villagers were caught between the
VC, the RVN and the US fighters.
When the US left Vietnam,
the villagers paid the price.

So perhaps the first thing the Marines need to do
when they enter a village is to ask the villagers
if they want to be protected by the US government.
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Chipher
11:54 PM on 10/17/2009
That's like asking the townspeople if they want to be protected from Republican legislators.
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02:44 PM on 10/16/2009
The proper role of the military is to break and destroy. Where did we get this idea of making them police or social service workers? Why are we there? What is the objective?
04:41 PM on 10/17/2009
Not that Afghanistan doesn't need police and social services badly (and not corrupt locals), but you are correct that that shouldn't be the role of the military. Confuses both the soldiers and the locals. There's a reason we don't use military for police work in this country, and it's a pretty good reason not to do it elsewhere.
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Pansey
California transplant living in the South
02:42 PM on 10/16/2009
Let's see, how many linguistics experts were thrown out of the military because of "Don't ask - Don't tell".........oh, never mind, THOSE PEOPLE are not relevant. My bad.
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Chipher
11:56 PM on 10/17/2009
Kerry's point is, we have almost nobody who can speak Farsi or Pashtu in the US forces there. In fact, because of the way the Afghan National Army was enlisted, the majority of the NCO and below are NON Pashtu, and when they are called to restore order in the south, they refuse, because they CAN'T UNDERSTAND THE PEOPLE THEY ARE TALKING TO.
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02:31 PM on 10/16/2009
Easier solution, exit. Let the politicians learn the language. Bring the troops home.
02:25 PM on 10/16/2009
our armed forces have had a command problem for years, no general worth his salt would ever do what has been done to his men in the last 10 years. . .and it goes back a lot further than that. . .I'm not a fan of these wars, I am a vet who cares about my fellow vets. . . then there is lack of concern about what happens after multiple tours in these crap hole country's. . .