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Energy Independence for the United States -- How?

Posted: 07/14/11 03:40 PM ET

This is the right time for the United States to seriously consider embarking on a bold investment of creating technology in energy that would reduce the cost of energy, create energy independence via renewable sources and attendant benefits of favorable trade balance, employment, higher GDP growth, deficit reduction and national debt reduction. The energy independence platform of the U.S. administrations, from President Carter to President Obama, has not met goals for energy independence. This void can be filled by a determined decision to make the U.S. the world's largest producer of renewable energy.

With the advent of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in the early 70s, the energy crises ensued in the high energy-consuming countries in Europe along with the United States in which the price of oil was set and by OPEC -- an organized and collusive oligopoly -- a cartel. OPEC was able to shift approximately $2.1 trillion of additional wealth transfer -- above a free market price -- from the American consumers to oil producing countries during 1973-2011.

In response, the West has opted for energy independence attempting to develop renewable energy. But the effort has been meager. For instance 17% of Germany's electricity supply is in renewable energy and only 8% of energy supply draws upon renewable energy in the U.S. Other policy measures such as price control, raising oil taxes, monetary and fiscal incentives have not been effective. The United States' petroleum imports from OPEC were leveled at 41 percent in 2009, a much lower percentage from 70 percent in 1977. U.S. petroleum imports shifted from OPEC to non-OPEC after 1992; although petroleum prices are set by OPEC globally. The United States has had a negative energy trade balance since the mid-50s.

After nearly half a century of struggling with the energy issue in the U.S. the following are obvious:

  1. All of the development of renewable energy (solar, wind and others) thus far has contributed only 8 percent of the total energy supply in the U.S. It follows that a large supply gap for renewable energy remains to be filled in the U.S. market. To put this figure into perspective, coal and petroleum comprise 58 percent of total supply for energy consumption.
  2. Energy consuming countries remain heavily dependent upon oil imports, most notably in 2010; the United States' import bill of oil had reached $337 billion.
  3. Per person energy consumption has steadily increased over time with the rise of living standard outstripping per capita production of all sources of energy. This has contributed to higher prices of energy. Energy expenditures per person have increased from $404/year in 1970 to $4,089/year in 2009. The rise in energy prices has had negative impact upon distributional objectives of the U.S. imposing pressure on middle and low income groups.
  4. China and India -- the two emerging countries with high growth rates have entered the buyers' market in energy, contributing further pressure upon oil prices. Both China and India account for 36 percent of incremental increase in the world primary energy market.
  5. Oil companies in the private sector while amassing billions of dollars in profits have not solved the energy supply constraint. The private sector which is the logical agent of invention, innovation, and technological breakthroughs in energy technology has not measured up to the requirements of the supply challenge for energy. In the first three months of the 2011, Exxon Mobil Corp. actually increased its performance by 69 percent over last year's and in the process earned nearly $11 billion of profits. The first quarter closed off at $6.3 billion profits for Royal Dutch and $7.1 billion profit for British Petroleum. These companies were collectors of revenues for OPEC not inventors of energy independence from OPEC.
  6. Higher taxes on energy have been regressive and have not reduced quantity demanded for oil due to inelastic demand for oil.
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?

Since energy independence is a public issue, the government must invest in basic and applied research perhaps in the order of $2 trillion despite the current status of high unemployment, high deficit, high national debt and high unfavorable balance of trade but because of it. A joint government -- university -- industry consortium is required to tackle the energy issue in a similar way that the government invented the computer, the internet and many other high tech societal innovations.

With its track record, the United States has proven to overcome challenges time and again. The energy challenge is no exception.

Nake M. Kamrany is Professor of Economics and Director of Program in Law and Economics at the University of Southern California. Vincent Viruni is a research associate of the Income Convergence Research Group in Los Angeles.

 
 
 
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02:35 PM on 07/24/2011
“A joint government -- university -- industry consortium is required to tackle the energy issue†.........How much longer do we keep asking and ignoring this question, especially since this “Apollo†project of advanced energy systems has already been achieved?

New York Times, November 1, 2002: "Meeting the world's rising energy needs without increasing global warming will require a research effort as ambitious as the Apollo project to put a man on the moon, a diverse group of scientists and engineers said in Science magazine today. "

"As systems increase in complexity, their energy intensity and energy requirements to sustain life rise accordingly." Hydrocarbons ceased fitting the energy bill, became obsolete, years ago. Nobel Prize winner, Ilya Progogine

The Promise of Energy for Everyone
References:
4 Years Go: http://possiblefuturesfilmcontest.org/film_24402363 The George Washington University’s Planet Forward: The Promise of Energy for Everyone Video http://planetforward.org/idea/looking-to-nature-for-a-new-take-on-energy A Power Point Introductory Presentation http://www.relaxspa.net/TheRadiusOfCurvature12-28-10PPShow2003.pps
06:28 PM on 07/23/2011
What is needed now is another Roosevelt with moral authority and boldness who would get the politicians and the public to support him.
06:27 PM on 07/23/2011
For God’s sake, let's avoid “the tragedy of the commons.†Otherwise, we will end up like the Taliban.
06:18 PM on 07/23/2011
Professor Kamrany is absolutely right. Moreover, the idea of a balanced budget requirement for the federal government is not tenable. If we had such a requirement, we would not have been waging World War II which caused our national debt to exceed 110% of the GDP and President Roosevelt would not have been able to get us out of the Great Depression. If it were not for the stimulus expenditures by Bush and Obama, many of our banks and auto industries would have vanished and the economy would have experienced another Great Depression following the Great Recession of 2007-2008.
06:14 PM on 07/23/2011
In the budget debate let us not forget the suffering of the unemployed, people who have lost their homes, and who are in poverty. We are a rich country and should take care of the underclass.
06:11 PM on 07/23/2011
If you want to get rich, get into debt and invest wisely but do not consume your debt. If you do, you will be in the poor house.
06:08 PM on 07/23/2011
Amazing, countries with high debt have higher per capita income than countries with lower national debt.
06:06 PM on 07/23/2011
Individuals who are very rich borrowed funds, invested wisely and became rich. Prof. Kamrany is right that borrowing creates values and assets. The principle applies to individuals as well as the national economy.
06:03 PM on 07/23/2011
The U.S.'s enormous prosperity over the last 50 yeas has been made possible through fiscal and monetary management of the economy including deficit financing. I submit to you that I will assume all of the federal debt ($14+trillion) if all of the assets that have been created are turned over to me. I offer the same for most corporations.
05:57 PM on 07/23/2011
There should be a requirement of ECONOMICS 1 course for every congressman who wants the job.
05:55 PM on 07/23/2011
A balanced budget amendment is a no-brainer. It will lock the economy into a recession for a long time and take away the federal government's ability to assist the economy.
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12:14 AM on 07/18/2011
all those in favor of a 40' dia wind turbine in their front yard and a solar panel field in their back yard raise their hand. come on al you must be out there
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04:06 PM on 07/17/2011
The right time to do that was 40 years ago.
08:16 AM on 07/16/2011
True, the authors have identified a complex issue like the Middle East, and that is why we need a bold decision concurrently with bold leadership. If implemented, it will get us to the next stage of prosperity and neutralize the role of oil from the Middle East.
08:10 AM on 07/16/2011
There are plenty projects underway in solar and wind energy. But, as the authors have pointed out only 8% of our energy supply is met with renewable energy - that is a very low relative share. We need to embark on a more fundamental approach of having more than 50% of our energy supply used on renewable energy. That justifies a huge investment in the order of $2 trillion. It will get our universities to pursue research that is needed to create additional technologies and it will take our private business sector to develop and commercially apply renewable energy in the economy. So, it will start with public fund and it will end up with public use of environmentally clean renewable energy. On top of that the monetary rewards - return on investment - will be substantial.