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How Sanctions Against Iran Could Backfire

Posted: 03/14/2012 8:16 am

It is no secret that Iran is developing its nuclear capacity in a clandestine and deceptive manner. Yet ironically it is our reaction to Iranian intransigence that is more likely to lead to an Iranian bomb. And it's not for the reasons that many have cited.

A recent New York Times report states that U.S. intelligence agencies do not believe Iran is in the process of putting together a nuclear weapon. Analysts think that Iran is merely trying to gain the capability to have a bomb, but without actually going through the motions of building an arsenal.

For those who follow Iranian developments closely, this is no revelation. From Iran experts such as Gary Sick* to computer models like the one developed by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, the consensus among the non-paranoid has been that Iran is pursuing the technology without seeking to detonate a bomb. Even Mohammad Reza Shah, the pro-American, pre-revolution king of Iran who actually began the nuclear program, had a similar policy. He is said to have claimed that he did not "want the bomb yet, but if anyone in the neighborhood has it, we must be ready to have it."

So why would Iran want to go through the trouble of developing the technology without actually assembling a weapon? The simplest answer may be cost. If Iran were to build and test a bomb, its arch-nemesis Saudi Arabia would likely follow suit, touching off a costly arms race in the region. And as other nations rush to join the nuclear club Iran would lose any security edge it would have gained from going nuclear in the first place.

And here's the problem. As Iran continues work on its uranium enrichment program, our government has decided to pursue increasingly punitive sanctions as a way to force negotiations with Iran. These negotiations, our government hopes, will ultimately bring a permanent stop to Iran's clandestine nuclear efforts.

With economic pressure increasing, however, Iran is faced with a dilemma. If it refuses to negotiate but decides to continue on its present course there will be no endgame in sight. It will face the prospect of never detonating a bomb, and thus remaining in a sanctions purgatory, which already includes a high rate of inflation that could spell headaches for the regime down the line.

So what if the cost of these sanctions, over the long term, becomes greater than any potential cost of an arms race? It is this calculus that may eventually lead Iran to throw caution to the wind and detonate a nuclear device as soon as it reaches that capability. America, through its sanctions, may be pushing Iran to acquire the bomb.

After all, a bomb in hand would provide Iran with exactly the kind of leverage to sit down at the negotiating table and strike a deal that would make the sanctions go away. And it would allow it to show the world that it never backed down in the face of American pressure; that it reached a deal from a position of strength. This is the approach that North Korea took when it set off its first crude device back in 2006: detonate to negotiate.

Through post-detonation negotiations, Iran could still achieve its original goal: To maintain some level of nuclear capability without keeping an arsenal. In the meantime, however, the world would risk that Saudi Arabia would not sit by passively -- it, too may build a weapon. Under such a scenario, Iran would be forced to grow its own stockpile and weapons delivery systems rather than negotiate with the United States. Thus, the nightmare scenario of a nuclear arms race in the Middle East would become a reality.

It is commendable that our leaders have not risked what would certainly be a calamitous war with Iran over this controversial nuclear program. But sanctions may not be a sensible option either.

So what can we, as Americans, do? As much as it goes against our classic impulses to always act forcefully, the best strategy for dealing with Iran's nuclear program will be to drop the talk of war and drop the sanctions. In their place, we must adopt a simple maxim: "First, do no harm."

Nathan Gonzalez is executive editor at Nortia Press, a publisher of fiction and nonfiction titles dealing with global affairs. He is author of two books on the Middle East, Engaging Iran (2007) and The Sunni-Shia Conflict (2009). Twitter: @NortiaPress

* From an interview with this writer, Spring 2007.

 

Follow Nathan Gonzalez on Twitter: www.twitter.com/NortiaPress

It is no secret that Iran is developing its nuclear capacity in a clandestine and deceptive manner. Yet ironically it is our reaction to Iranian intransigence that is more likely to lead to an Iranian...
It is no secret that Iran is developing its nuclear capacity in a clandestine and deceptive manner. Yet ironically it is our reaction to Iranian intransigence that is more likely to lead to an Iranian...
 
 
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08:21 PM on 03/15/2012
Sanctions hurt the common people but not the rulers of a country, and the common people are powerless to make changes. Sanctions are immoral and possibly illegal under international law.
06:48 PM on 03/15/2012
Last September, Iran offered to stop enriching uranium to 20 percent. US did not respond to this good-faith Iranian offer. What sense did that make?
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03:42 PM on 03/15/2012
That's like saying the best way not to get mugged is to hand your money to anyone who appears vaguely threatening.
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Kramerica-Industries
And with Darren’s help, we’ll get that chicken
05:57 AM on 03/15/2012
From what I understand your point is Iran will have nuclear capabilities with or without sanctions, having the detonator in one room and the bomb in another and avoiding screwing it up doesn't make much of a diffrence.
So which way would most likely prevent an arms race. Other states seeing the crippling sanctions brought upon Iran for building nukes or other states seeing the world does nothing and simply allows Iran to suffer no consequences for building nukes?
01:19 AM on 03/15/2012
Sanctions have hurt the democracy movement in Iran while strengthening the islamic regime.
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checkmoot
We have met the enemy and he is us.
12:53 AM on 03/15/2012
Problem is, Americans like war. We have the unique ability to fight our wars far away, so we never have to worry about the war touching our shores except for the one attack on the Twin Towers and that was by a private group, not a country. Notice Ron Paul, the only politician running for the Republican nomination who promises peace, is far behind the three who are promising war, if elected.
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09:53 PM on 03/14/2012
So what can we, as Americans, do? As much as it goes against our classic impulses to always act forcefully, the best strategy for dealing with Iran's nuclear program will be to drop the talk of war and drop the sanctions. In their place, we must adopt a simple maxim: "First, do no harm."
==========

Translation: "Please don't hurt me, I've already given up."
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06:05 PM on 03/14/2012
"Thus, the nightmare scenario of a nuclear arms race in the Middle East would become a reality."

Isn't it funny how people love to claim Israeli is "the only democracy in the Middle East" but, as soon as the topic is about nuclear bombs in the Middle East, Israel isn't suddenly part of the Middle East.

The whole "attack Iran for non-existent nuclear weapons", is a diversion, the purpose is to divert the world's attention from the 70 years of Israeli occupation that has displaced, detained and denied human rights for over 11,000,000 Palestinians.

"Palestinian diaspora (Arabic: الشتات‎, al-shatat) is a term used to describe Palestinians living outside of historic Palestine - an area today known as Israel and the Palestinian territories or the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip.[15] Of the total Palestinian population worldwide, estimated at between 9 to 11 million people, roughly half live outside of their homeland."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora

Obama should tell Netanyahu, no more wars of choice, until Israel makes peace with Palestine then NO WAR!
04:05 PM on 03/14/2012
Jeremy Bernstein of the New Yorker wrote an interesting e-single on Iran's developing nuclear program. Bernstein is a physicist, but it is more of a history of how we ended up in this "are they or aren't they developing weapons" situation. Worth reading, for those interested: http://goo.gl/RvCmG
11:41 AM on 03/14/2012
iran is either rational or irrational. If they are rational, then they wouldn't risk using a bomb even had one. If they are irrational, then sanctions could easily push them over the edge. Further, if they are irrational, then I don't see any solution other than total destruction of the government. There seem to be too many people that think the latter. I, however, think that they have not done anything irrational up to this point and are better off treating them like adults. Except for the stupid posturing of the last two presidents and the Iranian government at times, we would have solved this years ago.
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Richard Pearce
Atheistic-agnostic Canadian polymath
11:37 AM on 03/14/2012
Calling the Iranian nuclear program 'clandestine' is like calling Madonna shy. And the theory that an Iranian nuke would set off an arms race that the Israeli nukes haven't fails on the simple grounds that the same states that would feel threatened by those theoretical Iranian nukes feel just as threatened by the Israeli ones, and, in one of those ironies, their going for a nuke would actually get them more support from the populations they rule over than their not going for them has. The thing is, those regimes cannot survive having a fallout with the American government, so the only way they'd go for nukes would be if the US greenlighted such a program. Add in that if you combined the scientific communities of all the Gulf dictatorships, you would barely manage to have a body equal to the Israeli scientific community (and the israelis had to have lots of foreign help for their nuclear weapons program) and even if you added the Israeli scientific community to the rest, you still wouldn't have one that equals the Iranian one. Again, that means that the only way these states that you say would start a nuclear arms race that the Iranians could not afford could start such a race is with American (or French, or British) assistance.
11:28 AM on 03/14/2012
"It is no secret that Iran is developing its nuclear capacity in a clandestine and deceptive manner."

Wait a sec, Iran is a signatory of with IAEE and NNPT, and as such, they have inspections. Who doesn't? Israel.
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BcemXAHA
אני כלום בלעדיהם
06:05 PM on 03/14/2012
Israel is not a signatory to the NPT therefore is exempt from inspections.
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06:15 PM on 03/14/2012
Fanned.

Israel is one of the most aggressive and distrusted regimes in the region.
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Sentinel of the Republic
Big Government = Unintended Consequences
11:08 AM on 03/14/2012
Can backfire? They HAVE backfired. When was the last time there were 0 sanctions on Iran? 1994 before the aircraft ban?

We've been bullying them since the 50's and now our government expects more bullying will make them like us? Our middle east "policy" is utter madness.
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Trollstein
Once you go Schwartz, you never go back baby
10:58 AM on 03/14/2012
First, buckle your safety-belts boys and girls. The days of talking are swiftly drawing to a close.
I do not think the author understands what motivates the Iranian leadership. Without this understanding, opinions are just exercises in sleep-walking.
They do not care about money. They do not care about power (in the "Western" sense). They only care about cleansing the region (and ultimately the world) from what they perceive as the scourge of infidelity to Allah. They are a form of doomsday cult. They believe that so long as they actively encourage "judgment day", they will be rewarded with victory. And they do not especially care how much damage they have to withstand in the interim, as they see it as both destined and as a religious obligation.
At the end of the day . . . there is no cure for crazy and appeasing their insanity only feeds it further, as they see such appeasement as their destined reward for doing Allah's work.
The author seems to think that this regime has logically reasoned their position. Even worse, that such reasoning is both normal and customary. A massive miscalculation.
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rtgmath
There has got to be a better way!
10:30 AM on 03/14/2012
Very good points.

The Iraqi Government is not suicidal, no matter what statements they make. But they, like everyone else, have their pride. They may not simply accede to US demands. What self-respecting country would? They believe in their own sovereignty, just as we do ours.

In pressing for them to not have any nuclear technology at all, we are pushing them into an all-the-way position. We don't seem to understand that learning about them and accepting them as partners in the Middle East would do much more good than our present sanctions are doing. The Arab people prize respect as one of the chief virtues. Disrespect, discourtesy is a nearly unforgivable sin.

In Islamic culture and theology, Satan is not a being of great power. Christianity has elevated Satan to being second only in power to God Himself, and as evil as God is good. Islamic theology sees Satan as weak, only able to use words and trickery to get his way. Satan is not so much evil as he is silly, concerned about things that really do not matter. To follow Satan is not to do evil, per se, but to leave the important things for the unimportant. So when we are called "The Great Satan" by Kohmeni, he is not saying we are evil, but that we are easily defeated because we focus on things that have no significance.

In refusing to understand the Iraqis, we do them and us a disservice.
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victorianism
Theultrathinnothingnesshasabeautifulendforusall.
10:58 AM on 03/14/2012
In refusing to understand the different others, we do them and us a disservice.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
11:04 AM on 03/14/2012
Iran is a theocracy, it's rulers are fundamentalists. Religion and faith are irrational, you cannot depend on  Iran's leaders to not be suicidal. You are assuming they are rational. They are not, nobody who believes the Bible or its derivative works is reality, is sane.