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Patricia Foulkrod

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Abolishing Juvenile Life Without Parole in California

Posted: 06/01/11 12:15 PM ET

Over 2,500 prisoners are currently serving juvenile life without parole in America. They were convicted at age 15, 16, 17, 18 -- and they will die in prison regardless of how well they live their lives while incarcerated. Many of these young prisoners have already served 10, 15, 20 years, and are now mature adults. California currently has over three hundred inmates serving JLWOP.

CA Senate Bill 9 is scheduled for vote this week, and must be voted on by June 3rd or it will die. SB9 is a serious opportunity for California to see clearly how we treat young prisoners who are only living so they can die in prison. They have been sentenced to juvenile life without parole, in order to serve "justice."

Senate Bill 9 recognizes that all young people, even those serving life without parole sentences, have the capacity to change for the better, and should have access to the rehabilitative tools to do so. This act would provide opportunity for review and re-sentencing after many years of incarceration.

It recognizes that teenagers are still maturing, and under this act, youth sentenced to JLWOP could petition a court to review his or her case after serving between 10 and 25 years in prison if the offender meets certain criteria. The court would review the case and decide if a lower sentence should be imposed.

Not all youth would get a new sentencing hearing, and those who did would have no guarantee of getting a lesser sentence. Even if re-sentenced, offenders must still face a parole board and must prove they merit parole.

Elizabeth Calvin of Human Rights Watch conducted an in-depth and well-respected national study on JLWOP in 2008. The study found many things... for 60% of all juveniles serving JLWOP, it was their first crime. Most are of color, if their crimes were committed with adults, juveniles often received longer sentences than the adult, many kids did not commit murder, but were sentenced for various circumstances, some were abused, and on it goes. (See Sara's Story.)

SB 9 is also an opportunity to examine the millions of tax dollars that are used to house thousands of youth for decades in the name of public safety. What is the financial return for California as we invest millions for housing, food, and services so JLWOP and thousands of young people will live in California prisons until they are 70... or until they die.

California teachers are protesting daily over budget cuts and their future. I have never seen a California prison guard picket line, or the media pouring over the annual federal/state/county prison budgets to demand cuts.

Like many teaching and working in the juvenile justice system, I have watched kids with tremendous potential and great heart disappear into state prisons to serve more years than their life expectancy. I said goodbye to kids I believed could thrive if they were given resources and allowed to change. I know kids commit serious crimes so it is not a question of innocence; it is how they got there, and where they can go from here.

Over the last decade, the attitude towards kids who commit crimes has become so punitive that putting them in adult prisons has become routine. 39 states have JLWOP and in some states, it is mandatory for certain crimes. In California, the passage of Prop 21 in 2000 blew open the doors of adult prisons, particularly for youth of color, and they have never shut. Our solution has become to lock thousands of kids up, not because they are all dangerous criminals, but because we do not know where to begin to write laws that are more responsible and redemptive than JLWOP, laws that are not designed to be political responses to "tough on crime" but to support victims and offenders who can rehabilitate. A constant refrain I hear is, "Well, it was their choice... he had a choice."

Did he or she? Given the scientific data regarding child and teenage brain development; their lack of critical thinking; poor living situations; absent, incarcerated, or abusive parents; drugs and alcohol; generations of gangs; an system that leaves many boys of color on the brink of manhood but incapable of reading beyond a third grade level; not knowing what the word "hope" means. I think we are all responsible for our actions, and if we do a crime we have to absolutely face the consequences, but many kids in California have obstacles to climb before they get caught up that most of us never see or experience, and despite all the information we have about these kids, our best solution is JLWOP. Yes, I was asked in my class in jail what "hope" means. Hope is passing SB 9.

Patricia Foulkrod is a filmmaker who has taught in juvenile facilities since 1998 and is currently directing a documentary, Unfit?, about at-risk juveniles.

 
Over 2,500 prisoners are currently serving juvenile life without parole in America. They were convicted at age 15, 16, 17, 18 -- and they will die in prison regardless of how well they live their live...
Over 2,500 prisoners are currently serving juvenile life without parole in America. They were convicted at age 15, 16, 17, 18 -- and they will die in prison regardless of how well they live their live...
 
 
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06:21 AM on 06/25/2011
I think the US justice department should be very careful in an examination for this prisoner before giving parole or pardon for heinous crimes committed by these criminals in order that their victims will also they need to find justice. The death penalty is a deeply divisive issue in the U.S. is the use of the capital punishment, as few countries in the industrial world not counting the United States really allows the capital punishment. Though the debate over the death penalty and its morality is one that will continue for a long time, the costs of the capital punishment is considerable. It expenses working class individuals a whole lot of money in installment loans to continue with it.
07:15 PM on 06/07/2011
I pulled this out of the article from today's LA section about gang members being arrested in Azuza for hate crimes.

"Gang member Ralph "Swifty" Flores was sentenced to death in 2008 after he was convicted of four murders. A judge imposed three death sentences for three murders between 2002 and 2004 as well as a sentence of life without parole for the racially motivated murder of black teen Christopher Lynch in 1999. Flores was 17 at the time of the murder and not eligible for the death penalty because he was a minor."

All this does is reinforce what many of us have been saying here... if a minor got life without parole,... he/she most definitely deserved it.
06:13 AM on 06/15/2011
Not necessarily. My husband, who is a law enforcement officer, and I have developed a very warm friendship thru a prison ministry with a lifer who was convicted to LWOP for a crime committed when he was 15 years old. He is now 27. The way we met was one of those little coincidences life hands out, that you know was really meant to be. He is a warm, considerate, gentle human being with an optimism and faith not often seen in one so young. Everything about him is genuine---from his refusal to accept our offer of monetary assistance to the little acts of kindness he bestows on a regular basis. He is an accomplished artist and frequently shares those gifts with us. He was sentenced to LWOP for a crime committed with an adult who escaped the death penalty by testifying against our friend.
The point is, it is inhumane to condemn juveniles to life without any hope of parole. Many come from backgrounds of almost incredible abuse---as did our friend---but while it is unlikely they can transform themselves as much as our friend did---it CAN happen, God works miracles and our friend clearly embraced the light in prison. While he may be one of the few, the chance for parole--with strict guidelines---would give these young people hope.
09:33 AM on 06/05/2011
What is going on in California? All of sudden people want to release the criminals onto our streets again after we spent the better part of 15 years since 3 strikes was enacted to put them away. Our prisons are overcrowded by 46000 so build 20 more prisons to hold them. That would create thousands of construction jobs. Now you advocate releasing 2500 people that were sentenced to life with no parole. To get life with no parole you had to have murdered someone with special circumstances like rape or robbery.
08:46 AM on 06/05/2011
"Given the scientific data regarding child and teenage brain development; their lack of critical thinking; poor living situations; absent, incarcerated, or abusive parents; drugs and alcohol; generations of gangs; an system that leaves many boys of color on the brink of manhood but incapable of reading beyond a third grade level; not knowing what the word "hope" means"

What sort of program can be created that can change those dysfunctional behaviors, you are suggesting that it is possible to erase the life experiences and cultural attitudes of someone. The best we could hope for is some supervised work experience that allows someone to be fulfilled.

When I read articles and comments like this, mostly from women, I think these are the women who fall in love with guys because they think "they can change him", and then end up later charging that guy for assault and calling all men pigs.
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dbrett480
08:24 PM on 06/01/2011
I have to vehemently disagree. A sentence of LWOP is extremely rare and should be a tool used only in the rarest of occasions. If the author would examine the cases, she would see that the sentence is warranted and not given out randomly. The "kids" include hardened gang members who have raped and murdered; letting them out in 10-25 years would put the public safety at risk.

BTW; the reason that CA corrections officers have not had a picket line has nothing to do with budget cuts or threats of budget cuts. They are public safety employees that are prohibited from picketing.
05:23 PM on 06/01/2011
This article makes a lot of sense. After all, the whole point of "without parole" is that the person is so dangerous he or she is no longer fit for free society, but juveniles especially have the capacity to change. Of course, on a practical level all it takes is one parolee committing a crime and the politicians who supported this bill will be Willie Horton'd into unemployment. So it's not going to happen absent some act of political courage, and I think we all know how likely that is.
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dbrett480
08:26 PM on 06/01/2011
You are right that some juveniles have the capacity to change. But a team of judges, psychologists, social workers, and other experts need the ability to determine if a "child" cannot be reformed. These sentences are not handed out randomly and juvenile cases require a lot of pre-sentence investigation. Legislators with absolutely no knowledge of how the juvenile justice system works cannot eliminate this tool that is used to protect public safety.
08:39 PM on 06/01/2011
Aaah, but that's just it, having a life sentence with the possibility of parole means rehabilitation professionals on the parole board get a chance to see 20, 30, or 50 years down the line whether this person is okay to go back to society. It's placing more power in the hands of career professionals. Giving them a chance at parole does not mean they will be paroled. Sometimes they deserve to be there until they die.
03:35 PM on 06/01/2011
Sorry but I don't agree. As a victim of an armed robbery by a parolee, I just do not see the efficacy of letting a violent serious offender out simply because he or she deserves a second chance... no matter what their age. The guy who stuck a gun in my face is 24 years old was out only 6 weeks before he robbed me after being in prison for 2 years on a similar charge. People who have garnered such serious sentences have proven that they cannot interact with civil society and as such, need to be kept away from it before doing anymore harm.
mothergrace
If they knock you down, bite 'em on the ankle.
12:49 PM on 06/01/2011
I applaud this bill and I will be calling and writing about it, but it is just a start. It sounds as if there is even more to be done beyond this bill to make sure these young people get the intervention they need to try and turn their lives around.
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dbrett480
08:28 PM on 06/01/2011
Many of these "kids" are beyond rehabilitation and turning their lives around. A life without parole sentence means that they have committed some of the most heinous of crimes. I've worked in a correctional facility and have dealt with these animals. It's sad, but the public is often better off with them behind bars.
mothergrace
If they knock you down, bite 'em on the ankle.
12:18 AM on 06/02/2011
Unfortunately, every time there is an article such as this your response is pretty much the same. Nothing can be done, they are beyond hope, they are animals, etc. etc. etc. ad naseum.

At this point I have to consider you part of the problem.