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Patrick Galey

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Israel, Lebanon and the Fight for Fossil Fuels

Posted: 08/28/11 07:27 PM ET

The prolonged and increasingly menacing dispute over eastern Mediterranean oil and gas reserves is not going to start a war between Israel and Lebanon. The stakes are far higher than that.

Many have somewhat predictably come to the opposite conclusion; that the two long-time enemies, each of whom continually talk a good fight, will eventually come to blows for fossil fuel because the continued potential for war makes it inevitable. Under normal circumstances, that would be difficult to argue with. But these are far from normal circumstances.

The dispute dates back to 2007, when Lebanon and Cyprus agreed to a preliminary maritime border. Then, two years later, a consortium of U.S. and Israeli companies discovered the Tamar gas field 90 kilometers off the coast of Haifa. In early 2010, the Leviathan gas field was discovered. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the eastern Mediterranean basin could hold up to 1.7 billion barrels of oil and 34.5 trillion cubic meters of gas which, if it sounds like a lot, that's because it is. We are talking serious potential future revenue here.

Israel has, due to U.S. commercial support, gotten a significant jump-start on Lebanon, including setting up a series of exploration blocks scattered throughout a 9,600 square kilometer section of seabed. Lebanon moved in October to submit a unilateral proposal for the boundary of its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), but this was after Israel had been studying the viability of extracting deep-sea riches for a number of years.

Israel went to the United Nations in July with its version of a maritime boundary. The principal point of contention is an 854 sq km slither that both Lebanon and Israel lay claim to. If that sounds a rather meager strip of territory, that's because it is.

The governments of Israel and Lebanon are rarely short of sources of disagreement. The atrocities visited on much of Lebanon during the 1978 and 1982 invasions, as well as the devastating 2006 War, in addition to the hundreds of Israeli lives lost in all conflicts, do not make for much common ground.

In the course of history, have wars started over financial or energy prerogatives? Sure. But have alliances been hastily arranged for the same mutual benefit? Absolutely. Both Lebanon and Israel would do well, temporarily, to put their intractable differences aside and grasp the historic opportunity to change the face of their countries for the better. Of course, this is probably not going to happen.

Lebanon has always relied on energy imports. It's a dirty country, environmentally speaking, with coal and oil-fired power stations burning up the fossil fuels that get delivered. The thing is, these are insufficient. There is, as evidenced by roving blackouts which range from three hours a day in the city to 10 or more hours a day in remote areas, not enough electricity to go around. The only recently formed government is currently on the brink of collapse due to debate swirling over -- you guessed it -- an energy bill.

Israel has a similar reliance on external energy, but it can no longer rely on imports in the traditional sense, given the situation in Egypt post Hosni Mubarak. Attacks on the principal gas pipeline from Egypt to southern Israel demonstrate that, in the face of a rapidly changing region, Israel cannot afford to take Middle Eastern energy imports as a given.

So the benefit of reaching an agreement over a shared maritime border is huge. That doesn't mean it'll happen.

From the Lebanese perspective, every single millimeter of what it claims is its own sovereign territory appropriated by Israel brings back memories of aforementioned invasions. Israel still occupies pockets of what is Lebanese land, in northern Ghajar and the Shebaa Farms region. Not only does this keep Lebanon rightfully antipathetic towards Israel, it continues (in the minds of many) to legitimize the existence of a resistance movement, Hezbollah.

In recent Cabinets, the Lebanese Foreign Ministry has been the preserve of Shiite politicians who, given their participation in a parliamentary bloc driven by Hezbollah, continue to refuse to countenance any sort of compromise when Israel is involved.

Israel, as history has shown, is not averse to illegally laying claim to what it doesn't own and, even if this time proves different to previous instances, its government rarely misses an opportunity to wind up Lebanon.

Western diplomats say that the U.N., which already monitors one 'border' between the warring states, is ready to step in and mediate the demarcation of a maritime boundary. It has the capability, in the form of its Maritime Task Force, to avoid confrontation along a given line, even if that means the slither of disputed territory goes untapped for the time being.

Both Israel and Lebanon badly need the revenue anything approaching an agreement over maritime borders would bring. It is to their mutual detriment that they so far they haven't even been able to agree to disagree.

 

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08:35 AM on 09/09/2011
IGLA ... Blinding Israel’s "eye" in the sky
Ali Shehab

---------------------------------

Israeli and British reports, since 2002, show fears of Hezbollah getting man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS) missiles, that is a shoulder-launched weapon, through Syria which has, according to the 2008 estimates, more than four thousand qualitative rocket model “ IGLA 9K 388” officially known as the “IGLA S” or “SA 18” the name that is most frequently used in the media.
So what are the capabilities of this weapon? And what are the reasons behind the Israeli concern of it?
Recently, an intersection between different western and Israeli reports took place considering “IGLA S” missiles as one of the refringens weapons for balancing the definitely existing deterrence within Hezbollah’s arsenal, who is training his elements, for some time due to British reports, on an air defense systems in Syria and Iran, yet also a press report that was issued in Albania over 2 years ago, tackled the arms deal under which Hezbollah got launchers “SI 16” with 30 missiles and launchers “SI 18” ( IGLA S) with 100 missiles for $13 million from one of the former socialist countries.

To continue reading the article,plz visit: http://ashehab.blogspot.com/2011/09/igla-blinding-israels-in-sky.html
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
07:57 PM on 09/07/2011
leave the oil there. Invest in solar and waste bio fuels instead.
09:25 PM on 08/30/2011
This article confuses things for political purposes. The major gas fields - Leviathan and Tamar are indisputably in Israeli waters. Not even Lebanon disputes this as per the map that it submitted to the UN in August of 2010.
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11:55 AM on 08/30/2011
Israel also has one of the largest deposits of shale oil in the world. The oil is very high quality light crude. Dr. Vinegar of Royal Dutch Shell believes it can be extracted using heat insread of water and chemicals so less environmental impact and at a cost less that Alaskan oil.

http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business-old/mining-energy/oil-shale-reserves-can-turn-israel-into-major-world-producer/story-e6frg9ef-1226025327281
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Nwo2012
Sue me, I boycott products from the settlements
01:30 PM on 08/30/2011
As if.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
messy
artist, writer, adventurer
10:34 AM on 08/29/2011
"From the Lebanese perspective, every single millimeter of what it claims is its own sovereign territory appropriated by Israel brings back memories of aforementioned invasions. Israel still occupies pockets of what is Lebanese land, in northern Ghajar and the Shebaa Farms region. "

No it doesn't. That's former SYRIAN territory. The UN agrees with this. However, A full peace treaty would be an excellent price for Shebaa Farms. Selling Shebaa Farms for that price would be an exellent bargain.
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01:51 PM on 08/30/2011
They could even keep both cows currently occupying it.
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cosmiczulu
let the good times roll
11:19 PM on 08/30/2011
Let's continue the middle east tradition of making everything Israel's fault and having Israel's enemies being totally unaccountable.
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Rianna
09:19 AM on 08/29/2011
The authors last paragraph states:

Both Israel and Lebanon badly need the revenue anything approaching an agreement over maritime borders would bring. It is to their mutual detriment that they so far they haven't even been able to agree to disagree.

According to Haaretz, Israel has thousands of millionaires, so why is it still a welfare state?
Israel can easily stand on it's own two feet. Time to cut the charity, and help the victims of
Hurricane Irene at home, which is supposed to cost tax payers billions.

http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/with-more-than-10-000-millionaires-why-is-israel-still-a-charity-case-1.380466
09:32 AM on 08/29/2011
Your first paragraph has no rational relationship to the second paragraph. Not sure what your point is.
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Rianna
11:17 AM on 08/29/2011
I suppose I should not have copied the entire para. I referred to the "both Israel and Lebanon need the revenue".. part. My point is, Israel does not seem to need revenue that badly, according to Haaretz (a publication that many here seems to "love").
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adamben
yes i said yes i will yes
02:35 PM on 08/29/2011
is this the new math? what is israels budget? does it equal the number of millionaires? i'm guessing the budget of any small country is at least tens of billions of dollars.
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Wisdo
semantics shamantics
04:12 AM on 08/29/2011
My Guess is the US will back Israels claim and try to strongarm Lebanon into agreeing to lose all claim or be bombed to oblivion again.
09:36 AM on 08/29/2011
Keep guessing.
06:38 PM on 08/29/2011
My guess is that hezbollah will start a war over a piece of land the lebanese government already waived. Hezbollah needs an enemy to keep its weapons, and the lebanese people aren't too happy about how many times they've been used on them.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
08:51 PM on 09/06/2011
Sadly true.
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Jon Jony
03:10 AM on 08/29/2011
This Beirut based reporter Patrick Galey is hardly as objective as he portrays himself. Needless to say, unfortunately anyone in Beirut who dares to be truly objective with regard to Israel is hardly greeted with open arms and a smile - namely due to the precarious nature of political reform and freedom of expression in Lebanon.

The only question that Galey should be asking is if the area in question in on Israeli territory. I have looked at a map of the area in question and it appears to be on Israeli territory.
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Wisdo
semantics shamantics
08:12 AM on 08/29/2011
Im sure the Israelis will look at a map and find that appears to be on Israeli territory too. The problem is, other people may disagree about where the lines should be drawn. But when it comes to Lebanon, Israel always gets its way by Mass murder. This time will be no exception methinks.
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Jon Jony
08:30 AM on 08/29/2011
Hey take a look at a map of the Leviathan gas field for yourself...

I am not asking you to take my word for it... It appears to fall within Israeli territory (and certainly not within Lebanon).
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madsen26
07:49 PM on 08/29/2011
Hmm..your tirade about either Mr. Galey or Lebanon only speaks more about where you yourself are based or what your own belief system is based in. Lebanon is doing much better now that Syrian forces have been withdrawn, what it doesn't need is aggression and interference from other parties such as Israel which has demonstrated that fully in the past. Clearly having gotten away with it on shore those occasions, Israel now looks forward to more successful bullying on the offshore issue. No one of any stripe in Lebanon wants anything to do with Israel other than to be left alone by you lot.
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Jon Jony
09:42 PM on 08/29/2011
Well... despite your tirade... you at least admit that in the past Syria totally dominated Lebanon's political system... What you fail to admit however - is that in many ways it still does.

Sorry blaming Israel for the problems in Lebanon doesn't cut it anymore.
02:30 AM on 08/29/2011
8-29-2011 another palestinian terror attack in israel:

http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4115005,00.html
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Wisdo
semantics shamantics
04:15 AM on 08/29/2011
Israeli soldiers attack non violent protest:

http://www.imemc.org/article/61893

Israeli soldiers attack another non violent protest:

http://www.imemc.org/article/61894
04:38 AM on 08/29/2011
just another part of your pallywood.

attacking israeli soldiers and police and than filming only what is right for you, and shows "suffering palestinians" against "monsterous soldiers".
we all know it. gebbels invented it....

this is the truth-
palestinians attack israeli soldiers on palestinian demonstration: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcesoLRYFVs

more information about pallywood here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbmGv3LgDSA
05:38 AM on 08/29/2011
It has nothing to do with Lebanon aggression, but the WB Palestinian Arabs aggression. Israel has all rights to defend herself even if it so bothers you.
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RubalKhali
Philosophy is the stray camel of the faithful
02:03 AM on 08/29/2011
What Israel can't get legally, they will just take.Look back to history frombefore '47 to the present.
05:42 AM on 08/29/2011
What Israel took illegally? Israel drills for Gas and Oil in her economic sea area and conquered legally the WB from it former occupier Lebanon, even before the Palestinian people was born.
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Talab
I tot i taw a putty tat
07:11 AM on 08/29/2011
When Lebanon trys to harvest their share of the gas and oil it will be like trying to eat at a table where the Israeli next to you is ALL ELBOWS and keeping you from YOUR FIRST SERVING
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Wisdo
semantics shamantics
07:58 AM on 08/29/2011
You cannot "conquer legally" this isnt the middle ages.

Conquering went out with the East India company. Here are the unpleasant facts for Israel: The Geneva Conventions and other international tractates recognise that land a) conquered in the course of a war; and b) the disposition of which is unresolved through subsequent peace treaties is "occupied" and subject to international laws of war and international humanitarian law. This includes special protection of individuals in those territories, limitations on the use of land in those territories, and access by international relief agencies, NONE OF WHICH are presently complied with by Israel - which by unanimous decision in UN resolution 242 it is currently violating international law.

Without the backing of the US, ISrael would be just as isolated as North Korea, and for just as good reasons. The US for its own part in supporting Israels lawbreaking makes a mockery of its attempts to enforce international law against, FOR EXAMPLE Iran.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
messy
artist, writer, adventurer
10:46 AM on 08/29/2011
Of course, since you think that Israel and the Jews are illegal, everything they do is illegal.
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RubalKhali
Philosophy is the stray camel of the faithful
01:49 AM on 08/29/2011
Even more important will be Israel's exploitation of Gazan fields , Gazans who have no voice in an international forum. As the author points out,. "The atrocities visited on much of Lebanon during the 1978 and 1982 invasions" and the fact that Israel still occupies Lebanese territory will make any agreement virtually impossible.
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messy
artist, writer, adventurer
10:47 AM on 08/29/2011
but since they don't. (Shabaa farms was Syrian and Syria refuses to take it back), then why bother negotiating?
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02:43 PM on 08/30/2011
The Gaza gas is going to belong to the Palestinians. From J Post :

" Israel expects to resume talks with the Palestinians on the development of two natural- gas fields off the Gaza coast with an eye toward opening them within a year and a half.

Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu and Quartet special envoy Tony Blair announced the potential resumption of project negotiations on Friday, when they met in Jerusalem.

“It’s important for us to develop additional [natural gas] resources, but it’s also important for the Palestinians,” said Netanyahu.

“There’s a Palestinian Authority gas field adjacent to an Israeli gas field [off the Gaza coast.] We need to develop both simultaneously. This is something that the Palestinian Authority has expressed interest in.

“I think we’re going to begin discussions and negotiations to facilitate both, where the revenues from the Palestinian field go to the Palestinian Authority, and the revenues from the Israeli field go to the Israeli government,” said Netanyahu.

“I think this is good for stability, good for prosperity and good for peace,” he said.

Blair added that the gas from the Palestinian field, known as Gaza Marine 1, would be sent to Gaza, including to the power plant there."

And if the Lebanese want to give up a potential share of the gas for their supposed emotional attachment a little Syrian cow field then, well fine. Good for Israel.
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12:05 AM on 08/29/2011
Turkey this week announced its intention to start oil exploration off the northern coast of Cyprus near the breakaway Turkish Cypriot enclave while simultaneously expressing dismay with the Greek Cypriot government's decision to negotiate oil exploration deals with Lebanon.

"Greek Cyprus does not represent the entire island and it cannot strike deals that concern the interests of the whole island," an unnamed Turkish diplomatic source told the Turkish English-language newspaper Hurriyet Daily News. "That's an attitude we have often shared with our Lebanese friends and I think they will take this into consideration."
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adamben
yes i said yes i will yes
02:43 PM on 08/29/2011
there is cyprus, which is greek majority and an eu member recognized by all of europe and there is turkish occupied cyprus, only recognized by turkey. cyprus, being a sovereign nation is allowed to negotiate with whomever they like. they came to an agreement with lebanon over their maritime border and now are doing the same with israel. the only real issue right now is between lebanon and israel, and hopefully the un report will be adhered to, unlike the lebanese response to the un demarcating the lebanon/israel land border.
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10:56 AM on 08/30/2011
Turkey this week announced its intention to start oil exploratio­n off the northern coast of Cyprus near the illegally occupied and ethnically cleansed Turkish Cypriot enclave while simultaneo­usly expressing dismay with the actual legitimate Cypriot government­'s decision to negotiate oil exploratio­n deals with Lebanon.

Fixed it.
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11:17 PM on 08/30/2011
In his memoirs, American Undersecretary of State George Ball said: "Makarios's central interest was to block off Turkish intervention so that he and his Greek Cypriots could go on happily massacring Turkish Cypriots. Obviously we would never permit that."

The fact is, however, that neither the United States, the United Kingdom, nor the United Nations, nor anyone, other than Turkey ever took effective action to prevent it.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MarcEdward
likes all cats more than most people
10:12 PM on 08/28/2011
Goodness, just split the difference.
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erehwon2
11:23 PM on 08/28/2011
LOL! I actually like that idea. It would be even better if Israel and Lebanon cooperated in the development of the gas fields as the author suggests, but unfortunately, the likelihood of that happening is about the same as my winning that lottery without buying a ticket.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MarcEdward
likes all cats more than most people
09:29 AM on 08/29/2011
Sharing the resources or splitting the difference is certainly cheaper and easier than war.
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Jon Jony
03:44 AM on 08/29/2011
If the area is on Israeli territory (which it is) - please explain why they should "split (the difference")???
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Wisdo
semantics shamantics
08:00 AM on 08/29/2011
Define "Israeli Territory", for sure, the Israelis themselves don't seem to be able to.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
MarcEdward
likes all cats more than most people
09:31 AM on 08/29/2011
please explain why they should "split (the difference­")???
Cooperation is easier and cheaper than confrontation. Israel could win any war against Lebanon, but that'd certainly burn through any profits they'd gain over such a small slice. 
Peace is better than war, no?
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erehwon2
09:06 PM on 08/28/2011
What the author fails to acknowledge in the article is that the northern boundary which Israel claims is based on the agreements Lebanon (and subsequently, Israel) made with Cyprus back in 2007. Lebanon changed their claim only after Israel discovered gas fields in the Mediterranean west of Haifa and they subsequently started searching as well.

He also fails to note that the US, without speaking at all with Israel about their stance, endorsed Lebanon's claim. Frederic Hof, who was responsible for Syria and Lebanon under George Mitchell, made the call.

Israel now is left with having to go to the UN, an organization which consistently has voted against them regardless of any facts in the cases, to mediate the dispute. It's a small sliver of territory, but one which could be worth billions of dollars in resources.

We all know how this one will turn out.

http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/u-s-backs-lebanon-on-maritime-border-dispute-with-israel-1.372377

http://www.commentarymagazine.com/2011/07/12/washingtons-stance-on-maritime-border-makes-israel-lebanon-war-more-likely/
10:03 PM on 08/28/2011
erehwon2 - Your comments should be permanently attached to the end of this artilce so people get to know the full story. Good job.
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Wisdo
semantics shamantics
08:05 AM on 08/29/2011
"which consistent­ly has voted against them"

YEs, when they've broken international law, which THEY HAVE CONSISTENTLY DONE.

IS Israel still occupying territory it was specifically directed to leave? YES
IS Israel treating residents of that occupied territory according to their own laws and not subjecting them to Israeli law (military law at that) NO!
IS Israel forcibly transferring people? YES
IS Israel housing detainees and prisoners in Israeli territory, instead of in the occupied territory? YES.
IS Israel using collective punishment against the population of the occupied territory? YES.
IS Israel treating minors like adults and trying them in military courts? YES.

These are all instances of breaking the law for which Israel is voted against in the UN. Want to change the tune? STOP BREAKING THE DAMN LAW.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
messy
artist, writer, adventurer
10:57 AM on 08/29/2011
"IS Israel still occupying territory it was specifical­ly directed to leave? YES" Actually, the answer is NO. UNSC res. 242, states that Israel must withdraw ONLY AFTER A PEACE TREATY, Which Syria refuses to sign. The PA has repeatedly breached the Oslo accords and has thus deliberately prevented further withdrawal.

The rest of your list is wrong as well.
12:48 PM on 08/30/2011
Israel's condemnations at the UN have little to do with "the law" and a lot more to do with political agenda. Watch for yourself:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7Mupoo1At8
09:05 PM on 08/28/2011
I dont think Iran would like Lebanon to be independent financialy

I have came to a conclusion , that the best solution for the area problem is for lebanon , israel ,jordan and maybe the beduin of sinai to form a federation where each minority gets to rule itself .
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Richard Pearce banned
Never let them tell you it can't be done.
12:15 AM on 08/29/2011
If Iran wans't interested in having a financially independant Lebanon, it wouldn't be pouring money into fixing the Lebanese infrastructure (destroyed by Israel, with full US blessing).

As it is, it makes your opening statement questionable.

(Note, Iran's second and third largest trading partners are oil-rich, and despite the best efforts of the US to stiffle the Iranian economy, its non-oil exports are growing at a double digit rate)
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adamben
yes i said yes i will yes
02:52 PM on 08/29/2011
iran is rebuilding shiite areas, not christian. they are interested in controlling hezbollah, which is why they weren't happy with lebanon/israel war .2 since iran wants a clear victory not a destructive stalemate. iran is rich but their money will run out when their oil does so they need to strike soon and needless war with israel is a drain. if hezbollah gets this oil, since it won't go to lebanese people (irans model) it will become a little more reckless and independent of iran.
06:46 PM on 08/29/2011
Right now iran cut funding to hamas for not being more supportive of assad; in consequence hamas cannot pay civil service salaries and are beginning to cut back on weapons procurement. Way to go Iran!

And obvious, iran gives hezbollah FAR more money for weapons than for infrastructure. Weapons for an enemy that has no interest in anything in lebanon except avoiding terror attacks from lebanese territory. And an enemy that will wreck huge amounts of lebanese infrastructure in any war that hezbollah starts. Given those facts, it's quite clear that iran couldn't give two farts about a financially stable lebanon. They just want a war against israel. A war that has no strategic value for iran, and a war they only want because of their religious extremism.