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Patrick Sharma

Patrick Sharma

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Farm Subsidies: A Useful Sacrifice in the Budget Debate

Posted: 05/12/11 03:27 PM ET

Amid continuing debates over how to reduce the federal deficit, recent proposals to cut farm subsidies present an important opportunity to bridge partisan divides. By reforming our antiquated farm support system, Congress can exercise some much-needed fiscal discipline and give the country an agricultural policy for the 21st century. Doing so, however, will require putting the national good over the interests of a powerful few, as well as confronting some enduring myths about American farming.

Farm subsidies have long been recognized as ineffective. Since being introduced to help small farmers cope with the Great Depression, the federal farm support program has devolved into a hodgepodge of price supports, direct payments, insurance programs, tax loopholes and low-interest loans that overwhelmingly benefit wealthy farmers and large agricultural businesses. According to data compiled by the Environmental Working Group and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, in recent years the largest 10 percent of American farms have received almost 75 percent of total agricultural subsidies, while a whopping two-thirds of farmers have obtained no government support at all. In addition to rewarding millionaires and agribusinesses rather than small farmers, farm subsidies have encouraged environmentally destructive agricultural practices. By promoting production in areas that would otherwise remain fallow, farm supports have led to habitat destruction and land degradation, as well as increased pesticide and fertilizer use. Subsidies have also had a devastating impact abroad: when shipped to developing nations, cheap American foodstuffs tend to glut local markets and put indigenous producers out of business. Indeed, U.S. agricultural subsidies have been a key factor in derailing the recent Doha round of international trade negotiations.

In other words, farm subsidies are bad foreign and domestic policy. But because the program is relatively cheap (estimated to cost around $16 billion in 2011, according to the Congressional Budget Office) and its impacts felt indirectly, subsidies have been allowed to remain on the books. Five-year re-authorizations of the farm support program have historically been dominated by rural congressmen and the agribusiness lobby, and as a result we have a system that lacks oversight and focus. Although Congress made some important reforms in 1996, farm subsidies continue to be a drain on the nation's coffers, diverting taxpayer dollars away from much-needed investments in education, infrastructure and other productive endeavors.

Fortunately, the current preoccupation with the federal deficit has put farm subsidies on the chopping block. Eager to find savings wherever they can, members of both parties have proposed reexamining the way the nation supports agriculture. Republican Congressman Paul Ryan of Wisconsin has called for cutting direct payments to farmers by $30 billion over ten years, while Democratic Senators Dick Durbin of Illinois and Debbie Stabenow of Michigan have indicated their willingness to reform the nation's farm support system. Importantly, these representatives all hail from agricultural states.

Going forward, it is vital that Congress look to reform the farm support program in the most thoughtful way possible. At present, discussions over altering farm subsidies are focused almost entirely on curtailing direct payments to farmers, in which the government automatically pays farm owners a fixed amount of money per year regardless of whether or not their land is being cultivated. Yet direct payments represent just a fraction of total farm supports, and other subsidies, such as price supports, do more to distort the market. If Congress is truly interested in achieving budget savings and developing a modern agricultural policy, it should put all farm subsidies (including supports for ethanol) on the table. This would mean not only curtailing payments to wealthy farmers and agribusinesses but examining whether the government should be in the business of American farming in the first place. For while agriculture accounted for a significant percentage of the U.S. economy in the 1930s, today farming constitutes less than one percent of GDP, and the notion that government support helps struggling family farmers is little more than a myth.

Of course, reforming the farm support program will not solve the nation's fiscal problems. Even eliminating all agricultural subsidies would barely dent the deficit, where meaningful action will be confined to reforming taxes and entitlement spending. But the current budgetary environment does present a chance to rethink our agricultural policies and, in the process, discard a relic of the past.

 
 
 
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12:28 PM on 06/07/2011
Out West big agri-business uses a lot of paper tricks to get around the 160 acre (320 per married couple) limit on use of water from Federal water projects. Some of the folks who are on the farm leases are employees who are just told to sign the lease, if they want a job. That being said it is amazing at the stupidity of the California legislature. Their policies have created between 16% to 20% unemployment in the entire 300 mile long Central Valley.
Linda from Deerfield
Paying attention
11:10 AM on 05/15/2011
It is my understanding that the food stamp program and school lunch programs are part of the farm bill. It is unconscionable to attack farm subsidies without taking a stand on these programs. At least show your true colors.
12:30 PM on 06/07/2011
I got lambasted for pointing out previously that the Food Stamp program was originally designed to help support farm prices, more than feed anyone.
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03:33 PM on 05/13/2011
Why should farmers be immune to economic forces, unlike the rest of us?

This may be a "relatively small" problem in the US, but in Europe, especially France and Greece, it would be political suicide to suggest cutting subsidies. Here in the UK, farmers are paid for not producing (so-called "set-aside"), and also for simply preserving the farming landscape.

My brother lives in a farming community in North Yorkshire. The majority of farm buildings (barns) have been converted into residences by farmers playing the property speculation game.However, there is an oversupply with little buying interest. Perhaps this taste of real-world economics in a capitalist system has stunted any sentiment for a step into the realm of reality: unlike their US counterparts, I doubt you'll find many Yorkshire farmers criticising (perceived) creeping Socialism. Hail Trotsky.
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jcclsc
Liberal to a Tea...
12:36 PM on 05/13/2011
I deffinitely agree with taking away subsidies for all corporations. But I don't necessarily think they should be stripped from the small farmer. I live in Tn. and we still have many of the family farms around. They sell their goods in the local farmers markets. It gives me a choice.
Anybody thinking corporate farms have consumer's intrest in mind are seriously mistaken. When you know the truth about how they price fix, manipulate nature to produce bigger and faster products, and the way they have total disregard for humanitarian treatment of their livestock, you won't look at them the same way.
If you're really interested in the truth of corporate farming practices, I would recommend you watch the 2008 movie "Food Inc". It will open your eyes! It did mine.
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03:17 PM on 05/13/2011
Comments against corporations (which is just a business structure) are insightful. Especially when usually because of these corporations indirectly you have a job or a business. Stock market revenue and most people's retirement investments are corporate investments so as a shareholder I'm part of corporate america. Huffington Post is incorporated - the internet companies are incorporated. It is not bad for america.
And, a "movie" is for entertainment. There is lots of money being made these days by fearmongers - which this is one example of,
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jcclsc
Liberal to a Tea...
06:28 PM on 05/13/2011
So, you're saying you actually watched this movie?
I'm not anti-corporate; I'm against government subsidies for corporation. If HP or internet companies were taking advantage of subsidies; I'd feel the same about bashing them.
12:13 PM on 05/13/2011
I am in the farm equipment business, and I say elimante the whole department of ag. We should not subside farms, ethanol or NPR.
12:36 PM on 06/07/2011
There is a lot of great scientific work being done at the USDA. I do agree on stopping all subsidies. A small few get the bulk of all that cash. My personal take would be to fold up most of the current BLM employees into the Forest Service (part of the USDA). Looking at a map of the West you will find a checkerboard of Federal land management. The Forest Service in charge of some parcels, with the BLM in charge of adjoining identical parcels. It makes absolutely no sense whatsoever. Unlike Forest Service employees BLM employees rarely leave the ofice. They just contract out virtually all actual work, while building up nice pension benefits.
12:07 PM on 05/13/2011
Lets just clean the slate on farm subsidies,,all of them,,free market,,most farmers are not subdidied.but its the ones who really don't need it who line up like pigs at the trough year after year.
Handing ot money to farmers has been a political way of buying votes for decades..Its time for it to end, if a farmer can't make it how is he any diffrent from any one else,most bussines struggle and change to improve methods ,,, American farmers ask for welfare.
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BBackSoon
Hello, I must be going.
11:16 AM on 05/13/2011
Man is this article going to pi$$ off ADM and Monsanto.

I live in a rural area and drive into the city every day for work. I pass I bet 75% corn fields, most of the rest are Hay, but there is the occasional soybean or maybe even wheat field, mainly for the straw.

Corn subsidies are killing farming.

Want to upset the farmers table at the local diner, tell them they are not much different than the so called welfare queens, since they are also just waiting for their government check. And almost every prosperous farmer I know grows corn and gets a check.
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open2facts
because, sometimes, I'm wrong
12:34 PM on 05/13/2011
Ha! I agree. ADM and Monsanto are both too big for their britches! Monsanto's patent practices are scary.
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Grumpy Man
Disappointed idealist
10:42 AM on 05/13/2011
Farm subsidies for farmers who grow sugar that serves only to "feed" our epidemic obesity problems that results in billions for medical care paid for by tax dollars. It makes me crazy.

At one time there were even subsidies for tobacco farmers... who grow another completely unhealthful product that helps "feed" the Medicare and Medicaid machines. It makes me cross-eyed.

"Subsidies" in the form of ethanol inclusion requirements for our gasoline... equates to fewer miles per gallon, adds to pollution (on the back end), harms motors and inflates food prices but what the heck, it feeds the hogs on the Hill.

Keep up the good fight. I'd love to see a good, simple, HONEST, and full accounting of all subsidies. Alas, the truth is usually so very hard to find. Why?
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Robert Frank
My last name is FRANK so thats what I am..
10:39 AM on 05/13/2011
but I was told by palin (and all the other right-wing know-nothings/idiots) that this country is headed towards socialism...hmmmm isnt supporting private businesses with tax breaks, giveaways and subsidies socialism?
11:18 AM on 05/13/2011
Absolutely it is. I live in cotton producing northwest Texas and you would be surprised at the millionaire farmers who hate Obama, hate government, hate anything with "federal" attached to it.....but hold their hand out for taxpayer money every chance they get....so they can build 10,0000sq ft houses, buy vacation homes and $75,000 pick-ups. And if you tell them it's socialism they will cuss, fight and deny it til they die. Generations of farmers have lived here and lived off of government handouts. Generational welfare.
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DMDAY44
01:14 PM on 05/13/2011
I'm not in favor of farm subsidies, but at least these people are producing something other than more children for the rest of us to support.
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Carl Caroli
I just don't understand people
10:19 AM on 05/13/2011
Congress shows they're not serious when they refuse to discuss cutting pretty much all subsidies. The problem is they all want to protect their states pork, be it military, agriculture, gas, oil, .... and mutually agree not to attack each others, therefore nothing realistic and good for the country as a whole ever gets done. This naturally is also a result of the lobbyists and corporations who they buy off any remaining opposition. As long as we allow lobbyists to write legislation and corporations to sponsor the candidate of their choice, we'll not see any improvement in our governance.
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realitytrumpsbull
Two 'alves of coconut!
10:18 AM on 05/13/2011
I support some farm subsidies, I definitely support further development of ethanol, that's an investment in our national future, and helps reinforce the idea of American energy independence. I support that a LONG time before I support giving more subsidies to oil companies. I think part of the subsidy, though, a small part, should go towards public education, teaching laymen how to grow food, and how to make ethanol. Farming shouldn't just be the work of a specialized industry, everyone can and should learn basic gardening. And, the ethanol thing? Again, energy independence. They sell plenty of distilled spirits at the liquor store for personal consumption, I'm looking at fuel consumption with the ethanol.
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open2facts
because, sometimes, I'm wrong
11:49 AM on 05/13/2011
Sorry, but I can't agree with you regarding ethanol production which has, likely, inflated food prices and finacially harmed producers of other crops, like wheat and soybeans. Just as, or maybe more importantly it is showing itself to be more harmful than good for the enviroment. Its production, from growing to factory processing, requires massive amounts of fossil fuel along with enormous amounts of water that further deplete our country's shrinking natural aquifers. I'm all for alternate fuel sources, but in subsidizing ethanol our government is putting its money in the wrong place.
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DMDAY44
01:16 PM on 05/13/2011
Correct. It takes one unit of energy to produce 3 units of energy from ethanol. It only takes 1 unit of energy to produce 8 units of energy from oil.
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marijobama
Prohibition is NOT an enumerated power.
01:51 PM on 05/13/2011
All subsidies need to go, but especially ethanol. Even at the scale they are producing it at now, it doesn't come close to breaking even in the energy in/out equation. In other words blondy, ethanol will NEVER move us any closer to energy independence. Our government is destroying our country and we need to vote every single one of the bums out!
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Count of Anjou
Fiscal Conservative & Taoist
10:03 AM on 05/13/2011
I do NOT support taxpayer (aka government) subsidies for any "industry" (farmers, oil companies, automakers, banks, etc.). These businesses should prosper because of sound managment practices. If a business makes poor finanical decisions, fails to protect itself from unforseeable events (i.e. droughts, floods, commodity/labor prices, etc.), or doesn't make good long-term plans, it should fail.
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humanbeing-rick
Born in the USA 1947
10:00 AM on 05/13/2011
Coming from a long lineage of farmers, I can say with authority that the family farm no longer exists in America. Between suburban encroachment and mega corporate farming, the family farms of America are history. The subsidies were originally meant for them, not these huge corporations that took them all over. There is no need to subsidize corporations!
11:22 AM on 05/13/2011
The family farm is gone, the family grocery store, the family hardware store....the family farmer is not the only little guy to vanish. Stop payments to all of them...corporate and otherwise
Linda from Deerfield
Paying attention
02:30 PM on 05/13/2011
My local hardware store / lumber yard is owned by a man and his wife that actually work there. My brother and his son actually farm the farm where I grew up, yet being nearly extinct is not enough to keep some people from vilifying farmers. There are hardly any subsidies flowing their way, just a lot of modest living and hard work.
Linda from Deerfield
Paying attention
02:18 PM on 05/13/2011
My brother and his son farm the land that my father bought rather late in life from the family that had farmed it for several generations before. They have expanded somewhat by necessity but they are a family and by no means a corporation. They live in the same, handsome, lovingly maintained Victorian house that served our two families since 1893. It took a lot of good luck and modest living, but a few family farms actually survived having Republican Secretaries of Agriculture tell them to grow or die, and if there is any way on earth that it can be done, I believe that my nephew's passion for farming will carry this family farm well into the future. Don't write them off yet.
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knewsreply
PhD: International Educator and Marketer
09:37 AM on 05/13/2011
Farm subsidies goes to little farmers and big farmers. Oil subsidies goes to big oil companies. I grew up with a small farmer, so I vote for taking some of the oil subsidies and giving to the small farmers.
Peabodies
We are the Many. They are the Few.
09:15 AM on 05/13/2011
How Goldman Sachs Created the Food Crisis:
Don't blame American appetites, rising oil prices, or genetically modified crops for rising food prices. Wall Street's at fault for the spiraling cost of food.
BY FREDERICK KAUFMAN | APRIL 27, 2011

http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/04/27/how_goldman_sachs_created_the_food_crisis

------------------

Glencore: Profiteering From Hunger and Chaos

By Chris Arsenault *
* Published under an agreement with Al Jazeera.

https://laudyms.wordpress.com/2011/05/12/glencore-profiteering-from-hunger-and-chaos/
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DMDAY44
01:19 PM on 05/13/2011
Al Jazeera? Nows there's a source with no agenda.