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Paul Abrams

Paul Abrams

Posted: May 26, 2010 12:18 PM

Precedent for BP Criminal Responsibility: The Cocoanut Grove Fire (1942)

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A criminal investigation of BP should by launched by the Justice Department to determine if its executives were guilty of involuntary manslaughter in the deaths of 11 rig workers.

The classic case of the Cocoanut Grove fire provides the legal precedent.

On the evening of November 28, 1942, a fire swept through the Cocoanut Grove nightclub in Boston, killing 492 people. The owners had ignored various codes and safety regulations, for example, welding shut side doors, that could have been used to escape, so that customers could not leave without paying their bills. The nightclub had twice the number of allowed guests.

The owner, who was said to have had mafia and political connections that allowed him to operate in violation of the codes and safety regulations, was convicted of involuntary manslaughter and sentenced to a 10-15 year jail sentence.

Unlike murder that requires various levels of specific intent, involuntary manslaughter is applied to situations in which the perpetrators act with utter indifference to human life, or reckless indifference, or gross negligence (definitions vary, but the descriptions all have the same concept).

Although innocent until proven guilty in a court of law, BP executives appear to have displayed the same reckless indifference to human life vs profits as the Cocoanut Grove owners. Although the corporate structure protects management and owners from individual liability, the corporate veil can be pierced in cases of fraud and criminality.

Moreover, BP has been alleged to have improperly influenced its regulators. Not only is this similar to the Cocoanut Grove owners, but it may also raise questions of the criminal liability of those regulators. That issue did not arise in the Cocoanut Grove fire, possibly because the owner was the one who had the final opportunity to follow the codes despite a carte blanche to avoid them. But, when it comes to "reckless indifference" to human life, the MMS regulators may be considered co-conspirators.

Such regulatory laxity may also be traceable to Dick Cheney -- at the very least, the investigation's need for the minutes and participants of his meetings in 2001 with oil executives should now trump the (bogus) executive privilege claim that Justice Scalia -- who went hunting with Cheney soon before the decision -- and his compatriots on the Court granted him. [Strangely, the Court never raised the question of whether Cheney actually was part of the Executive Branch, an assertion Cheney denied when confronted with his violation of executive archival preservation rules].

One might also wonder why Michael Vick should go to jail for dog-fighting, but BP can kill marine life with impunity. Vick, of course, had intent. The standard for BP, again, would be reckless indifference. Leaving dogs in locked cars during heatwaves is probably a more apt precedent.

There is sufficient legal precedent, though, to launch a criminal investigation of BP executives for involuntary manslaughter of the rig-workers.

To the objection that we have to focus on the clean-up, I quote President Obama: "we can do two things at once."

 
 
 
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12:11 AM on 06/01/2010
BP's next disaster will be the Atlantis, safety whistleblowers have been ignored for years.
spillthetruth.org has a letter you can send to the President to ask him to have it shut down.
Sad: we have to beg our government to stop criminals.
Sadder: our government is criminal too.
Saddest: we elected them!
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csavage
09:04 PM on 05/28/2010
You act as if this is an isolated event with BP. This incident was just settled with the surviving families
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_City_Refinery_explosion
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01:12 PM on 05/27/2010
Why is coconut misspelled throughout this article?
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brt929
06:38 PM on 05/27/2010
I guess that was the way they spelled it. Maybe they misspelled it- for some kind of emphasis. It looks like the one in the Ambassador Hotel was misspelled the same way. It is weird.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoanut_Grove_fire
06:00 PM on 05/28/2010
"Cocoa" is spelled with an "a". "Cocoanut" is an alternate spelling of "coconut" ... or perhaps "coconut" is the alternate spelling. It all depends which flavour (or flavor) you prefer.
11:59 AM on 05/27/2010
Really?
Then we should be able to criminally prosecute the insurance companies and hospitals that are allowing Americans to die right now. And that's NO ACCIDENT.
Criminal negligence. Profit over ? ...everything.
06:01 PM on 05/28/2010
When you get right down to it, every corporation is a sociopath.
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Jdaddy1951
09:30 AM on 05/27/2010
Seldom, does anybody WANT a disaster to happen, whether it's an oil spill, a nightclub fire, or that lady in Connecticut who kept a dangerous 200-pound chimpanzee in her house that ate her friend's face and blinded her.

And because the investigations and prosecutions into such incidents consume long periods of time, people in the general public who are not directly involved have time to cool off from their initial outrage. That's why so many of the people who contributed to these disasters get off. A feeling of "Haven't they suffered enough? They'll have to live with their guilt forever!" takes over. And consequently, they only get fined or minimal jail sentences.

Of course, environmental damage and lost lives don't get slaps on the wrist, do they?
06:03 PM on 05/28/2010
"They'll have to live with their guilt forever" only applies to persons who can FEEL guilt. Serial k.illers, mafiosi and CEOs are preselected for a lack of capacity to feel guilt.
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Jdaddy1951
06:21 PM on 05/28/2010
Maybe. I don't much know about who's preselected for what. I leave that stuff to higher powers.
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InofTouch
I Hate Hate, Is That A Problem ?
04:21 AM on 05/27/2010
Is it still ilegal in Boston to name a nightclub, The Cocoanut Grove
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Phoenix56317
04:05 PM on 05/26/2010
It's funny how the author of this brings to light the wrongs of the greedy and seeks the heads of those whom had committed acts against humanity. Unbelievable is the fact that a GIANT OIL SPILL has gained the attention of the world at the cost of 11 human lives and unrepairable damage to our ecosystem but yet the same thing has been happening since 9/11 with all the crooks in office who had cost our very own nation the lost of many of it's young on foreign soil , and for the SAME REASON, OIL !

The citizens of the United States is crying foul over Immigration issues, Health care and this oil spill and yet it still sits on it's ass when it comes to accountability for crimes against our own!
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GrumpyGrandpa
A '60's liberal who didn't sell out
04:02 PM on 05/26/2010
That is a very interesting legal theory you have there. The only problem that I can see at first blush, is that the Coconut Grove fire had a single person responsible for the management of the facility, whereas there are multiple layers of management here and multiple corporate entities involved. With some thinking I might discover a way around the issue, but right now, my biggest concern is identifying defendants. Admittedly there is gross negligence and there is plenty of it to go around, but to find the level where the gross and callus indifference to human life negligence breaks away from the merely gross negligence is going to require a lot of study and prosecutor time. But I agree, it should be pursued. Because the order came from somewhere to proceed even though there were so many warning signs and on the regulator side, the orders came from somewhere to ignore the slipshod and incomplete work by BP.
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Phoenix56317
04:39 PM on 05/26/2010
If we followed that logic, then lets begin at the Supervisory level and work up from there.

I may be wrong here but you can not expect an Oiler to understand the repercussions and ripple effects of why he has to maintain the lubrication of machinery when it's the mechanics job to maintain the efficiency of a motor. I guess what am trying to say here is do you expect all personal on an Oil Rig to know the IN's and OUT's of the internal workings on such a rig? Of course not !

That in itself is impossible unless he/she has had an interest on their own time. Safety rules and regulations have to be followed at the Supervisory level and upwards and overseen by them.
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Paul Abrams
06:31 PM on 05/26/2010
Phoenix is correct. You start with lower downs, get the information, and then work your way up.
Interestingly, for murder, where the jury must find intent or knowing behavior to find the person guilty, it is nearly impossible to have "vicarious" intent. For involuntary manslaughter, which I think this is, reckless indifference can be a corporate policy, and be spread among many actors who a) knew or should have known; and b) were in a position to do something about it. Of course, the reckless indifference needs to be specific for the current Gulf Disaster, and not just a general phenomenon although a pattern of behavior can be used to show that, in this particular case as well, the corporate policy--promulgated by specific individuals, not some vague entity that now has the right to buy our political campaigns directly--led directly to the tragic event.
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SayNOtoGOP
Project Manager, Sustainable Energy
05:32 PM on 05/26/2010
Crimallly charge the BP company man that ordered the Transocean riggers to pump the mud out and replace it with seawater against. Start with him and of course, look for a plea bargain if he comes up with smoking gun evidence of wrongdoing by his superiors up the chain of command. Then charge them.
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PharmaCan
Trying to make sense of it all
03:58 PM on 05/26/2010
The reason the Tea Party has whatever voice or influence it has is because a bunch of people got together and made a whole lot of noise. That's what it seems to take to get politicians' attention these days. Let's hope that enough people get outraged about this that they can get the gov't to take criminal action against those responsible for this travesty.
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deepfreezevideo
Now with even MORE microbial micro-bio!
03:38 PM on 05/26/2010
To that goal I have created a Facebook group with one aim in mind, to raise public pressure to charge the CEO's of these companies with a crime and arrest them, and deny bail.
http://www.facebook.com/?ref=home#!/group.php?gid=123948850964348
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Paul Abrams
06:32 PM on 05/26/2010
Excellent. Please cross link. I'd like to see action as well, not just talk.
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alvdh1
03:01 PM on 05/26/2010
If we can't or don't charge BP, Transocean or Haliburton executives with involuntary manslaughter, then they should be made to work on the cleanup until every last speck of oil has been removed. During their every Sunday day off, they will have to participate in a public tar and feathering as reminder of how the Gulf birds are dealing with their corporate lapse of concern for safety in pursuit of profits.
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catcancook
Obama/Biden 2012
02:46 PM on 05/26/2010
I love the idea but then there would be less big oil donors to fund our political candidates. Dick Cheney in jail is something I could get behind! Where do I sign?
jhNY
Mercy.
01:03 PM on 05/26/2010
Great idea! But somehow there will never be a time for affixing criminal penalties, as it will always be more important to move forward, while keeping in mind the valuable lessons this unforeseeable tragedy has taught us.