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Paul Abrams

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Reagan and Clinton Raised Taxes in Recessions -- And Created 40 Million Jobs

Posted: 09/13/10 03:09 AM ET

--Great pitching always beats great hitting. And vice versa"--Casey Stengel, New York Yankees Manager

According to virtually everyone on Wall Street, and in financial editorial pages, allowing the Bush tax-cuts to expire for the wealthiest 2% will deepen the economic crisis they caused (and, by the way, when these Bush tax-cuts were unexpired and in full force and effect!).

Since there is not a scintilla of recent evidence to support that assertion, and strong evidence to the contrary, one may sleep soundly.

It is, however, positively flabbergasting to observe otherwise intelligent and knowledgeable economists swallow the political pablum that raising taxes in a recession inevitably chokes a recovery, especially with concrete evidence--in the persons of nearly 40M new jobs--to the contrary from the last two major recessions.

Economists ignore, or treat as relatively unimportant since they have more trouble understanding it, the most critical element of an economic recovery: individual and group human psychology, aka, confidence, not just in the future of the economy, but in the ability of our country to solve problems requiring collective action. A sounder fiscal future is accurately perceived as less risky. They also ignore the at-best tepid recovery from the minor recession of 2001 when taxes on the wealthy were cut.

Let me make, therefore, what should be an obvious assertion: raising taxes (or, more accurately, letting the cuts expire as they were designed) on the top 2% not only will not reduce economic growth, it will spur it. Capital flows will increase into the US, as it will be perceived as a safer haven. As a corollary, I will make another prediction: the wealthy will be even wealthier, there will be more of them, even after paying higher taxes, and, in good measure, because of them.

Why? Because raising taxes on the top 2% shows domestic and world markets that the US is serious about its long-term deficit problems, and is capable of making tough choices.

The evidence?

It worked for Ronald Reagan. It worked for Bill Clinton. Together, following their tax increases, nearly 40M new jobs were created. Bill Clinton even generated budget surpluses.

Of course, there was much else going on, both in the economy and otherwise during those periods, that makes it impossible to isolate a single causative factor. But that, really, is the larger point: raising taxes in a recession is not always good, but it is not always bad either.

Nor do I wish this to be interpreted as my belief that this pending 4.6% tax increase on the upper 2% is the solution to our economic problems. Of course, It is not. But, it will help, and the unquestioning acceptance of the principle that it will hurt will make other needed measures less potent.

In these instances, and now, with anxiety raised to fever pitch about debts and deficits--as occurred with less vitriol in 1981 and 1989--a bold move that reasserts control after 8 years of laissez-faire has a great psychological healing effect.

Under Reagan and Clinton, the recessions were accompanied by deficits growing, "as far as the eye could see". Moreover, Republicans' resistance to any tax increase, for any purpose, at any time, sent and still sends a message of infantile irresponsibility to the markets.

In 1982, at the same point in his Presidency as President Obama is now, but while jobs were still hemorrhaging and unemployment still rising in a recession, Ronald Reagan enacted the largest tax increase in American history--$100B additional taken from individuals and businesses by the Treasury. By January, 1983, Reagan's approval rating was down to 35%.

Because this was St. Ronald, and not a Democrat in the White House, there were no chicken-littles predicting the tax hike guaranteed the end of civilization, or even arguing that "people know how to spend their money better than the government" (true, of course, for some expenditures, not for others). Less than one year later, the economy began to emerge from its recession, job losses stopped, and unemployment began to recede. Nearly 17 million new jobs were created by the end of Reagan's term. Incidentally, Reagan raised taxes several more times during his tenure.

Mr. Clinton, in 1993, signed the largest tax increase in American history, and on top of George HW Bush's a couple of years earlier in the midst of a recession. After HW's tax increase, the GDP began to rebound as Bill Clinton took office, promising to focus like a laser on "the economy, stupid". After Clinton's 1993 tax increase on the wealthy, job growth began, and by the end of Clinton's term 23M new jobs had been created.

17M (Reagan) + 23M (Clinton) = ~40M new jobs after significant tax increases in recessions and as the economy had begun to rebound. Compare it to the nearly 8M lost under the disastrous George W Bush's economics policies focused on tax cuts for the wealthy, and one might start, just start, questioning whether the "you-can't-raise-taxes-in-a-recession" mantra might be just a bit overstated.

Unless a positive 40M compared to a negative 7.7M is, to you, "fuzzy math".

Indeed, the very same people who intone against raising taxes on the wealthy at evening soirees to raise money for anti-tax know-nothing legislators, trot into their well-appointed offices during the days, and take advantage of the improved market behavior they assured us would deteriorate the night before.

If it were not so serious, it would be amusing to observe.

Despite the inevitable moaning and groaning and predictions of doom, and the guaranteed apoplexy of the The Wall Street Journal, it is likely that the stock market will rally when the news becomes sufficiently certain.

But, although the Wall Street Journal is consistently anti-tax any time, any place, and for any purpose, the denizens of Wall Street themselves are consistently inconsistent, right wing ideologues by night, informed economic actors by day. When the psychology shifts, they "vote" with their feet--ideology and taxes be damned--if the opportunity exists to make a good buck. In that sense markets--as opposed to what its participants say--are refreshingly non-partisan.

It is really quite astounding. Listening to CNBC one hears a constant drone of "you cannot raise taxes in a recession" clap-trap to grab the Wall Street-by-night viewers, peppered with an occasional appearance of people such as former Labor Secretary Robert Reich--who is nonetheless never allowed to complete a full sentence--to provide a semblance of rationality.

Yet these very same Wall Street "pundits" (who, by the way, got it all wrong prior to the crash, but that does not shake their certainty), many of whom are practicing money-managers, "vote" quite differently with their, and their clients', dollars. If they acted as they intoned, the Dow would be at 1000 not 10,000.

It is, indeed, very good politics to inveigh against the Republicans' holding the middle class hostage to secure tax cuts for the wealthy. Tax cuts for the wealthy, apologizing to BP, and government subsidies for giant corporations, are what the Republican Party is all about, and this issue helps expose it.

But, it is even better economic policy.

Stay the course.

 

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03:44 PM on 09/14/2010
We can't restore the Republic until we destroy ravenous GREED. The first stop on the path to a more just and egalitarian society is a 90% marginal tax rate on net incomes over $1 Million.
01:08 PM on 09/14/2010
and let us not forget that during the conservative's favorite period, the 1950's that taxes on the top level was 90% and real income grew by 32% for the decade with approx 30% of the workforce being unionized. Income grew by like 37% and 23% in the 60's and 70's respectively when the top tax was over 70%.

Now that we have finally gotten over Reagan's tax increases on the middle class, can we not get back to some sensible taxation on the top levels again? A few of tariffs to get some mfg jobs back and EFCA so we can see to it that our jobs are above poverty level.
11:11 AM on 09/14/2010
The Center for Business and Public Policy at the University of Illinois has an excellent post on the tax cuts and if they're truly the best thing for the country at this time.

http://businesspublicpolicy.com/?p=885

We have to ask ourselves, what is the true goal and what is the best way to go about it?
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04:55 AM on 09/14/2010
The Bus tax cuts never should have been passed in the first place. They raised the national debt, and the only benefit we got was that the rich got richer. Letting them expire is so full of common sense, that of course the GOP is against it.
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tacevad
American SS Card Carrying Socialist
12:08 AM on 09/14/2010
raising taxes in a depression was a proven winner way back in 1935 in conjunction with massive stimulus..which is exactly what WWII was.

August 30th, 1935, Revenue Act (Wealth Tax Act ) passed.

* Increased the surtax rate on individual incomes over $50,000, the estate tax on individual estates over $40,000 and graduated steeply taxes on individual incomes over $1 million until the rate was 75% in excess of $5 million.
* Decreased the small corporation tax rate to 12% while increasing the corporate tax, on incomes above $15,000 to 15%.
* Some excess profits over 10% were taxed at a 6% rate and in excess of 15% at a 12% rate.

1944 , Individual Income Tax Act passed, raises the individual maximum rate to 94 percent.
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06:49 PM on 11/08/2010
Also, both Clinton and Reagan raised taxes in bad times. The world didnt end.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/paul-abrams/reagan-and-clinton-raised_b_714155.html

If we are serious about the deficit, they must go.
10:39 PM on 09/13/2010
You're going to make Republicans' heads explode.

They love Ronnie and despise Bill, how can they understand these statisitics?
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Jack2011
11:29 PM on 09/13/2010
Most every righty I've talked to refuses to believe Reagan raised taxes - even when I provide them with the evidence.
01:34 AM on 09/14/2010
Like banging your head against a wall, isn't it?
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Reno Fickler
Head Lifeguard/Dead Sea Marina
07:53 PM on 09/13/2010
Even people with a room-temperature IQ realize that investing in a business is better than investing in the US gov't. Post WWII tax rates of 90+% guaranteed the busness owners would pour all their money into their businesses, which of course, would make them more money later. Lots more money.
Bigger factories and bigger infrastructure of businesses generates jobs. This is a win-win situation for two reasons. 1) The Wall Street types have no business to invest capital in. The tax rates would destroy them if forced to pay 90+% tax on ALL of their income. The business owners on the other hand invest their money in America and its assets. They have to hire Americans to build, then staff their new facilities.
2) The taxes (Federal, State and local) generated from all the new workers and their families is a very long-term proposition.
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drumz
The less you know the more you believe.
12:39 PM on 09/14/2010
BS. Right, those treasury bills are so risky - SIMPLETON!
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JMDavis
and then what happened?
07:25 PM on 09/13/2010
WOW! Good information! If everyone wasn't so busy playing politics maybe we would be on our way out of this mess. Hillary 2012!!!
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castlerider
"A man's home is his castle"
06:21 PM on 09/13/2010
That's it. Slam it through reconciliation.

Do it NOW. The longer the press talks about it, the longer they're going to short-stroke it and get it all twisted in the wind.

Let's write & email our Rep.s and Senators.... Call them. Let's get the reconciliation wagon rolling. We shouldn't have to wait and waste all that time like we did with the healthcare legislation.

Tax cuts came in the door through Reconciliation, they can sure as heck go out the same dam door.
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Osmona
Its GREAT to be alive and SANE.
06:42 AM on 09/13/2010
People (on the other side) came down hard on Joe Biden when he said it was "patriotic" to raise taxes on the wealthy. (Paraphrased). But I believe VP Biden is RIGHT!!! We all have to do our part to get America back on track. What is the contribution of the rich. To get richer? They CANNOT continue to benefit if the rest of us goes down the toilet. Which is where we are going.
04:54 AM on 09/13/2010
People making one million a year are having a hard time they need those tax breaks.Promises were made that they would create jobs and after 6 years that promise is still good.
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castlerider
"A man's home is his castle"
06:23 PM on 09/13/2010
Truly laughable... Uh, I promise to make a bunch of jobs too... So let me have a million.
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wmnorton
Moderate where moderate used to be
03:20 AM on 09/13/2010
Well Stated! Most people think that Reagan cut taxes because he did it through the back door. He started out by having a small tax cut then he had what he called tax reform. His tax reform lowed the taxes on the top from 50% to 28% but raised taxes on the middle class to make up for the lost revenue at the top..Since there was more taxes cut at the top than they had planned for he latter had to raise the top tax rate to 33%. Bush1 also had to raise the top tax rate to 35%. Then Clinton raised it to 39%. Bush 2 lowered the top rate back down to 35%. If we had not been attacked on 9/11 that might have worked out all right He then had two wars and he made no attempt to pay for either one of them. It was as if he had determined that it was the only way that he could "Starve the Beast".That is why we are where we are today.Since the wealthy no longer send their kids to fight in our wars, is it too much to ask of them that they should pay for their fair share of the costs.
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Paul Abrams
03:37 AM on 09/13/2010
Reagan initially lowered taxes from 70% to 50% on the top bracket. That's what the rightwing cites as the "proof" that cutting taxes spurs economic growth. They omit the 1982 tax increase. Cap gains was reduced to 20% from 28%. Today, even with the Bush tax-cuts expiring for the wealthy, cap gains rates will be 20% and ordinary income will be 39.6% for the top bracket.
As I have pointed out in another article, the ONLY increases in the debt/GDP ratios since the end of WWII were under Reagan and the 2 Bushes. All other Presidents, Dem and Republican, lowered the debt/GDP ratio.
Wonder if there is a message in that?
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Reno Fickler
Head Lifeguard/Dead Sea Marina
08:12 PM on 09/13/2010
The top 2% pay 40% of the tax collected. A 14% increase (35 to 39.6%) means they will pay an additional 16% or 56% of the total. Damn, there goes that Vermeer!!
At least you poor people can go buy another velvet Elvis.
I think the message in your message is- They all know John Chaney.