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Paul Brandeis Raushenbush

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Ten Years After 9/11: Has Religion Driven Us Apart or Drawn Us Together?

Posted: 09/ 6/2011 12:04 pm

Two religious responses from the days immediately following the attacks of 9/11 demonstrate how religion has been both a divisive and unifying force in America over the last ten years.

The first was from Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell who assigned blame for the attacks to God who, they explained, was angry at America because of Gays, Feminists and the ACLU, among others. While fires still smoldered at Ground Zero, Falwell and company were ironically fanning the flames of discord and division by blaming God and liberals instead of religious extremism.

The second response was different. As soon as reports made clear that the terrorists claimed allegiance to the fundamentalist Islam of Osama bin Laden, many feared violence might be directed toward the American Muslim population. Yet in the days after 9/11, reports came from all across the country that Christians, Jews, and other people of faith had called local mosques to offer support and solidarity. Instead of turning against Muslims, the religious community rallied for their fellow Americans of a different faith tradition.

These two examples show the simultaneous yet divergent directions that religious practice and thought has taken in America in the last ten years. 9/11 made it clear that religion, which had been ignored in global political calculations and overlooked by the media for decades, was still a force, and perhaps the force in people's personal and communal lives.

While many still hold that religion is essentially divisive, since 9/11 it has been clear that religion has been an overwhelmingly positive force to bring people from different backgrounds together within American society.

I use myself as a case in point. Ten years ago I knew basically nothing about Islam, Sikhism, Hinduism, Buddhism, etc. I knew a bit about Judaism being from an interfaith background, but even that was minimal. I was an ordained pastor, yet my training had ignored other religious traditions. Ten years later, most seminaries require a working knowledge of other religious traditions to graduate. 9/11 impressed upon religious communities that to be an effective religious leader requires knowing the essential beliefs held by our neighbors of other faiths.

In fact, 9/11 gave me a new sense of my vocation as a pastor. From 2003 to 20011, my ministry consisted of promoting interfaith engagement at Princeton University. I worked with hundreds of students from different religious traditions who demonstrated a deep commitment to being with and learning from people of different religious and ideological backgrounds. Since 9/11, interfaith groups have been formed at colleges and high schools around the country. A new movement of interfaith cooperation is growing that values the uniqueness of individual traditions (increasingly including secular-humanist), while believing that people can and must respect one another across differences of belief. Groups such as Religions for Peace, the Parliament of the World's Religions, Fellowship in Prayer and countless of others continue to bring people of different faiths together both in America and around the world.

Yet there is a sense of urgency that surrounds the mission of these groups. Eboo Patel, a Muslim leader who heads the Interfaith Youth Core acknowledged: "In the twenty-first century, faith can be a bomb of destruction, a barrier of division or a bridge of cooperation." Even while there have been great strides among all faiths towards a more unified pluralistic America, there have been episodic physical attacks against Muslims and Sikhs, and there are many for whom religion provides a platform for proclaiming suspicion and division of people of different faith traditions, most notably Muslims.

Last year's observance of 9/11 was marred by an intentional furor over a proposed Muslim community center at Park 51 even though the Imam was widely known for his interfaith cooperation and his rejection of Islamic extremism. A recent study showed that there is an organized and concerted effort to create a fear of Muslims which had led to anti-sharia (Muslim law) bills being proposed and passed in states where nobody was even proposing that sharia might be instated. While anti-Muslim sentiment appears to be increasing, even after Osama bin Laden was killed; Muslims in America have a general sense of well-being, and are actually more satisfied with the way things are going in this country than the average citizen.

In recent years we have also heard an increasingly loud insistence on the essential Christian (and more recently Judeo-Christian) nature of this country. When the interfaith director of a Hindu Temple was invited to open the Senate in 2007, there were protests against an invocation to a "non-theistic god." And who can forget the mustachioed Florida pastor who decided to make a name for himself by burning a Quran.

Yet even the much publicized proposed Quran burning demonstrated how much America had come together across religious divides. As I wrote in an earlier piece, the Pastor was surprised to find himself completely isolated in his desire to desecrate another tradition's Holy book. Both liberal and conservative religious and political leaders recognized that this was not the kind of America we envisioned, and instead as one people we showed our support for a genuinely pluralistic America.

Perhaps nothing has given me more hope in the productive possibilities of religious people coming together than my experience as the Senior Religion Editor of The Huffington Post. We have over 600 religious leaders and academics from across the religious and ideological spectrum who write for the site. Each of our writers is on the front line against extremist and destructive elements within all of our traditions; and are living examples of the possibility of honestly sharing the wisdom and truth of their own tradition without succumbing to the temptation to violate or denigrate the tradition of their neighbor.

We are all still healing from the wounds of 9/11. Religious communities and leaders must continue along a path that rejects division, violence and hate, and must instead harness all of the wisdom and compassion inspired by the world's great traditions to create a more perfect America and world.

 
 
 

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Two religious responses from the days immediately following the attacks of 9/11 demonstrate how religion has been both a divisive and unifying force in America over the last ten years. The first was ...
Two religious responses from the days immediately following the attacks of 9/11 demonstrate how religion has been both a divisive and unifying force in America over the last ten years. The first was ...
 
 
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Rador
And so it goes.
07:45 PM on 09/16/2011
"We have over 600 religious leaders and academics from across the religious and ideological spectrum who write for the site"

No ROY, some G. and lots of BIV.
02:00 PM on 09/16/2011
Sounds a little over-optimistic on the understanding and tolerance front, just looking at what's going on in front of us in this country every day, from Washington DC to the GOP presidential candidates, to fear of the "other" (especially Islam). It would be nice if everyone actually respected other people's religious beliefs and traditions (as opposed to mere tolerance), but it's not reality.

With the Christian Right moving more and more to the forefront in right wing politics, as a way to score points (Holier Than Thou Syndrome), this is not likely to change for the better very soon, unfortunately. Religion should be a private personal thing rather than a club used to bash others in the public square.
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Trekkiefandom
Truth, happiness, Liberty, and freedom of all
08:23 PM on 09/15/2011
It has further separated religions and even have one side of religion(Christianity and its different sub religions) and the Islamic faith. However, they country is still divided, religion has kept the rights of others from being realistic, because it doesn't fit its guidelines. Religion in America (mostly Christianity and its sub religions) have made second hand citizens out of a lot of people.
10:16 PM on 09/14/2011
A bit of both.
12:35 AM on 09/14/2011
How many of you even read this article? It should be obvious to any clear-thinking person that there are significant numbers of religious people in this country today that are working to bring people together and yet your comments here ignore that and seem to focus on your own prejudiced opinions about religion in general.

I've come to believe there is such a thing as secular "fundamentalism", with the similarities between religious and secular fundamentalists being defined by attitude, not by any particular beliefs or the lack of them. Religious and atheist fundamentalists are alike in their blanket condemnations, willful ignorance, simplistic analyses, gross generalizations and in a quickness to condemn anyone who doesn't agree with them.

As an atheist myself, I see no value in indulging in deliberate misunderstandings as a means of opposing those aspects of religion I don't like. We're supposed to be the rational ones, remember. If we really want to rid the world of the destructive aspects of religion, it's time to start making clear distinctions. Who is our real enemy here? I don't think it's Reverend Raushenbush and other religious people like him.
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SalesmanForLife
Feed your intellectual appetite!
09:17 PM on 09/13/2011
I want to say Paul that as a man who is not faith based, I was not raised with faith and most of my family are, as well, not faith based. We grew up with the understanding that it was important to be kind, caring, to share, to think, to contribute and to take in all the wonders of our world, our planet and our lives. Not until the faith based tried to "save us" when we moved from a liberal community to a rural one in the midwest did my life change and fear came in. Our family was ostricized, ignored, talk about and told that we were going to hell because we did not conform to the norms of our neighbors. We eventually moved but that did not improve our social value with most of the people living near us. Often, someone came by to invite us to their church.......

Devisive? Yes. For those who are faith based, leave those of us who are not, alone. If you think getting me to your god will give you a higher seat in your heaven, your problem starts there and not with those of use enjoying our lives with religion.
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usjoey
Simplicity is complexity resolved.
02:16 PM on 09/15/2011
Very well said. Most of the fellow "non-believers" I know would never think of telling someone else how to think. or what to believe in - that's a personal choice. Nothing about this "construction" we call reality is certain. and that goes for anyone's notion that I must believe that an invisible alien overlord who uses a Charleton Heston-like voice when speaking from a shrub on fire, or who (wink, wink) impregnates an unknowing jewish girl with the world's savior, who then becomes a zombie for me and my wicked soul...well, you get my point. Hollywood's got nothing on some of these religious story lines (ever read the book of mormon?)
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Unindoctrinated
Delusion free.
09:14 PM on 09/13/2011
The only way religion could be ever be considered anything other than divisive is if there was only one religion and every single solitary member had exactly the same opinion on everything. We know that isn't likely. People have differing opinions and religious people share those opinions loudly and about subjects of which they are usually uninformed or misinformed to anyone who'll listen.
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ssfahrer
08:45 PM on 09/13/2011
All I know is what Jesus had to say on a slightly related manner: while His Father's house (in Heaven which is located in the Center of the Universe, where Earth used to be until SIN came into the world, BTW) has 'many mansions', there is but ONE Way to the Father-- and that is through Jesus Himself. All other 'religions' are false, and therefore divisive. (Compare the results of the plethora of religions to what happened due to the plethora of tongues at the Tower of Babel and you'll get the point.)
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09:57 AM on 09/12/2011
Religion, when only looked at exoterically and in a formalized way, will divide people.

But when one dives into the esoteric level of each religion, one will see unity.

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P.S. I used to post as "tolerant"­­, but there is a technical problem with that account so I can no longer post as "tolerant"­­. Consquentl­­y, I have created this new account, "still-tole­­rant".”
10:52 AM on 09/12/2011
“Exoteric” appears to be defined as “likely to be understood by the general public”. I would be "grateful for clarification regarding whether that is perceived as a divisive trait of belief in God.
11:33 AM on 09/12/2011
There is a need to elaborate on this concept with the imagery of a circle:

Each religion forms unique radius of that circle.

At the circumference, the religions reside at their most exoteric level, with all the religious forms.

And they all differ.

At the Center is The Truth or the Divine Essence, which is formless.

All radii begin their journy from their exoteric (formfull) existence but they begin to converge as they reach near the Center.

At some point, they cross a line that divides their esoteric and exoteric levels and become more and more esoteric.

Eventually, when they converge at the Center, they "arrive" at the formless Truth, a union with the Reality.

Most of the differences, which divide us, are at the circumference of the circle.

Many people are stuck there and engage in arguing and belittling the others.

But there are those men and women who have the right perspective and attitude.

So while they recognize their religious differences at the exoteric level, they are fully cognizant of the fact that every planery religin contains within it the Universal Truth.

So the objective should be to stop arguing over forms and start living our own traditions to the fullest and journey along our own radius.
09:14 AM on 09/12/2011
Unfortunately it take a tragedy sometimes to unify the many differing segments in American society.

I recall many years ago how for example esp. Catholics had deep hatred for Jews/Israel, blacks.
That's not to say that individually the Catholic and the Jew couldn't be good friends.
But I know what I witnessed whether racial violence against blacks on the beach, or hate harangues in private or mostly public against the jews etc.
11:00 AM on 09/12/2011
straight32 09/12/2011 09:14am appears to suggest an insightful observation.

A possible theory appears to be that adversity that reverts human existence to a more natural state also eliminates many of the distractions that divert humanity from its most important priorities, apparently expressed in the Bible as loving God with all one’s heart and one’s neighbor as oneself. I welcome your thoughts.
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WESmith
Energy Conservation can save you M-O-N-E-Y!!!!!!!!
06:29 PM on 09/11/2011
It seems that religion is just one symptom of a schism between people. Even those professing no religion are using this as an opportunity to separate themselves from those with religion. Many equate religion as only entailing one religion. More than likely it is a schism between the left and the right or the supposed haves and the supposed have-nots. It is the people that separate the religions or non-religions into groups of common desires. The strongest desire is for power or control. A close second is money (which is in reality power and control).
08:46 AM on 09/12/2011
WESmith 09/11/2011 6:29 PM appears to suggest an important theory. Reports appear to suggest a host of issues over which conflicts of opinion occur, differing in scale from perceived minutia to life-critical issues, from only a pair of persons to multiple countries and from light-hearted observance of differing opinion to war.

The issue appears to be conflict of opinion and the perception that one’s perspective accurately represents the standard. This appears to suggest a higher-level entity who establishes the standard of propriety. The Bible appears to suggest this entity to be God.
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crowepps
02:52 PM on 09/12/2011
While it's true that the Bible suggests the "higher-level entity" is the Biblical God, if that were actually true, wouldn't it be likely that God's established standard of propriety would be clear enough that more people would agree on what it is? Standards which are expressed in such ambiguous language that the same text results in 3 enormous divisions, dozens of major divisions and literally thousands of minor divisions isn't particularly useful.

If one God is establishing one standard of propriety, one would expect that it would be at the center of EVERY religion, and remarkably, there is a standard that qualifies: The Golden Rule. Perhaps we ought to be move back, stop assuming God has found us competent to supervise other people, and simply use "do unto others" to test our own decisions, while respecting others' right to do the same.
02:11 PM on 09/16/2011
Your larger point that is is all about power is well taken. All religions, both existing and long-ago discarded, are about power and little else. They harness man's intrinsic desire to know his origins and purpose to serve an elite.

Just a congratulatory aside, I have noticed that those who post on these religious questions are generally more polite and respectful to one another as a group than on politics, even when there is crossover.
06:23 PM on 09/11/2011
The Toronto Public School Board accomodates Muslim kids for Friday devotions at the request of their parents by setting aside a room for prayers. Prior to this the kids were just let out, but headed for the Malls, not go to Mosque or return to school as expected when the devotions were over. So parental requests for and Imam to visit just made sense, religious needs were met as well as academia for classes resumed right after the prayers. Other Muslim kids go to Cathoic Schools where the commom Abrahamic tradition exists, modest dress code is enforced and general tenor of a religion based entity is closer to their habitue, but they are excused from any Catholic services or instructions. So far, both practices seem to be working.
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WESmith
Energy Conservation can save you M-O-N-E-Y!!!!!!!!
02:07 PM on 09/12/2011
Ironically, 25 year ago my daughter was sent to the principal for saying, "Merry Christmas." She probably wasn't even thinking religion at the time.
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WESmith
Energy Conservation can save you M-O-N-E-Y!!!!!!!!
10:03 AM on 09/13/2011
Politicians want us to believe that religion has control over government.
Politicians want us to believe that Big Oil has control over government.
Politicians want us to believe that Bankers have control over government.
Politicians want us to believe that Wall Street has control over government.

Government stopped my daughter from saying, "Merry Christmas."
Government owns the oil in the US and makes more profit than all American oil companies combined in the petroleum business.
Government controls the US Dollar and fights wars to maintain that control.
Government uses Speculators as tax conduits from our pockets to their control.

Representatives are suppose to be our employees, but we have allowed them to become our puppet masters through distractions like religion, etc
We The People allow politicians to continue to work for their political parties, when they are suppose to be working for We The People (who pay them their wages).
Politicians put band aids on broken legs and tell us they have "fixed" the problem and we should continue to vote for them.
05:43 PM on 09/11/2011
For me the problem is not a matter of faith. Even physics is based on principles of faith. It is necessary to have faith in a world where we do not have perfect knowledge.

Rather, I see the problem as following religions that base their faiths on books that cannot change. What these religions do is insist that the information in their book cannot change. They see information as static. And as a result they are forced to make the current environment they find themselves fit the static information of the book they use.

So for example, if bad thing happen, the reason must be found in the book. This is why Pat Robertson is able to blame liberals, gays, and the ACLU for the 9/11 attack. People of the book must twist current reality to fit the reality described in the book.

But information is not static. Information is dynamic. Information changes as we learn more.

This is why eastern religions are going to survive much longer than than religions of the book.
10:06 AM on 09/12/2011
If religions “of the book” include the Bible, I humbly and respectfully offer the theory that that particular book, as impressively insightful as it might be considered to be, is less about the book than the subject of the book: God, humanity and the relationship between the two. Although the contents of the book might reasonably considered static, God and humanity are dynamic. Moreover, God appears suggested by the Bible to have adapted to changing circumstance. I welcome your thoughts.
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crowepps
02:56 PM on 09/12/2011
But people who insist that the Book is the thing, that only one translation is acceptable, that every comma and phrase holds vital information and only has one possible interpretation, aren't worshipping a dynamic God at all. They're idolizing the Book.
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SalesmanForLife
Feed your intellectual appetite!
09:22 PM on 09/13/2011
You can have humanity without the fear of a god or the guideance of a god. Many humans think they must be guided in every step and if that is you, enjoy. I live free.
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helioszephyr
What do you mean by "micro"?!
12:19 PM on 09/11/2011
Christian based religions are inherently divisive.
The only time they bring people together is when you subscribe/commit to one of its factions and beliefs.
It's not in its DNA to bring people of all faiths together.
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jdl51
04:33 PM on 09/11/2011
It's not just Christian, but any God based religion that has as its central premise that "your" God wants you to do such and such in a particular way and everyone else that doesn't do it that way is evil and will be condemned to eternal punishment, that in itself is divisive. You can't hold a belief that you are good because you believe what you believe, and everyone else is not and not think that would bring everyone together. The sad thing is that the belief systems were established centuries ago when man's knowledge of the universe and how things work were so primitive that people would believe just about anything that anyone would come up with, and yet people still blindly follow those centuries or millenia old beliefs with no basis in fact. There is zero proof that a God gave those rules to anyone, but every logical reason to believe they were made up by man.
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galanos1
Reality & Life Is Less Then A Second Away
06:04 PM on 09/11/2011
The Everlasting fabric of Eternity, including light and darkness, God immediately Created upon us. Reality and Existence is part of that fabric, and only possible because the fabric of Eternity immediately and continually exist at every possible location, whether the smallest, or the largest. God Is, And immediately Has Eternity At His Disposal And Created Every Fabric Of Existence. How can we thank God for His immediate Everlasting Love and Protection? “By persistent and continued Prayer, and Forever Praising The Holy Trinity, And The Holy Spirit.” I Will Sing To My Lord God As Long As I Live. (Psalo Ton Theo Mou Eos Iparxo)
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WESmith
Energy Conservation can save you M-O-N-E-Y!!!!!!!!
10:35 AM on 09/12/2011
The Judeo-Christian Bible doesn't set up rules and say, "If you follow my rules, I, your God, will reward you." It is more like, "I gave you everything and you screwed it up. But that is OK. I forgive you and I have done everything necessary for you to get your reward anyway. Since you screwed everything up, you have to live with the earthly consequences." Notice in the Judeo Bible, people are declared righteous, not that they deserved it. 99.9% of the rules are set up to protect humans from disease, from each other and from themselves. The Christian Bible is a rehash. Nothing new. No one is better in God's eye than anyone else. No one deserves better than anyone else. People's egos inject what isn't there whether they are a Jew, Christian or anything else so that it fits their agenda.
10:16 AM on 09/12/2011
It appears reasonable to suggest that, if there is a God and that God has supreme authority and specific requirements for specific people, this would appear to suggest a dichotomy of those who accept God’s authority and those who don’t. This appears similar to any other human social structure. The extent to which, perhaps, some misrepresent God’s requirements appears to be a matter separate from God’s actual requirements. I welcome your thoughts.
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helioszephyr
What do you mean by "micro"?!
02:21 PM on 09/12/2011
It may appear "reasonable", but ultimately not truth or fact on which to draw conclusions.

You've leapfrogged and made assumptions and characterized a "dichotomy" in a very narrow spectrum "railroading" to a presupposition.

Assume we know there is a god, how does anyone know his "requirements"? Different beliefs, and their factions, have drastically varied interpretations of these "requirements".

It's not similar to other social structure, we're dealing with an entity that's based on pure speculation and assumptions that our speculation is valid. Most other social structures are based on a "real-world" experienced premise that we can wrap our brains around... the afore mentioned we cannot (although many think/want to believe they can)

How does one distinguish/identify those "some who misrepresent"? And what are the qualifications/validations for one to judge so?

It's not necessarily a dichotomy. "Non-believers" aren't necessarily direct opposites to "believers". "Believers" believe with certainty that god exists, "non-believers" make no claims of certainty in their arena, they just don't know, and admit that (exception, hardcore atheists)

Believers leverage on dichotomies as it simplifies complex/not understood into palatable black and white premise. When in fact, life, particularly the concept of "god" (beyond my/your ability to grasp) is a gray area.

"Man" is an insecure animal, with the ability to reason himself in and out of anything, "coloring" the misunderstood/unknown to squelch his insecurities and fears. Understanding this provides a premise to understand and avoid misleading, and potentially negative, conclusions.