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Mild Winter in U.S., but Devastating Winter in Eastern Europe

Posted: 02/14/2012 9:34 am

While the United States has had a relatively mild winter to date, the winter has been exceptionally harsh in much of Europe, especially Eastern Europe in recent weeks. What does all of this say about global temperatures?

The answer to that question is never as simple as what the weather is at my house or what the weather is in one region experiencing an extreme. It takes time to collect and analyze global data, and with the large variation between warm and cold across just the Northern Hemisphere, it will be interesting to see how the overall global temperature in January and February compares to recent years.

In other words, it will be interesting to see whether the cold or warm wins the tug-of-war.

We already have the NOAA statistics for the U.S. for January, where it was that 4th warmest for the contiguous U.S. We do not yet have the global stats for January, which should be released for NOAA within days, but the global January stats will be as influenced by the most recent European cold spell as February stats will be since the cold started late in January but has continued well into February.

I will post the January and February global stats after they are released, and I will use the same NOAA reports that I've used here in the past for the sake of consistency.

For the record, I'm a meteorologist, not a climate scientist, so I'm merely discussing the statistics, not making an editorial comment about climate change.

Extremely Harsh Eastern European Winter

News coverage in the U.S.tends to be U.S.-centric, so I have not seen an abundance of coverage on the European cold, but here are a few highlights from a Washington Post article (Heavy snow for days cuts of thousands in eastern Romania; military planes transport food) of what is a growing humanitarian crisis:

  • Hundreds of Eastern Europeans have died (many homeless) and tens of thousands are trapped in their homes, many with little heat.
  • In parts of the Balkans, residents have had to dig tunnels in snow as deep as 15 feet to get out of their homes.
  • In Romania, thousands of people are isolated due to closed roads, stopped railroad travel, etc.; thousands of soldiers have been put to work clearing snow from roads to reach those who are isolated. For pictures from the stranded villages, see the Washington Post's Capital Weather Gang blog
  • In Siberia, helicopters are being used to deliver food and evacuate sailors trapped on the frozen Danube River.
  • The ice on the Danube, one of the main European waterways, has greatly affected the movement of goods.
  • Bosnia has been inundated with record-breaking snow and bitter cold (temperatures approaching -10 degrees F) for the past week.

Last week, the Telegraph reported that temperatures had hit -40 degrees F in Finland.

 
 
 
While the United States has had a relatively mild winter to date, the winter has been exceptionally harsh in much of Europe, especially Eastern Europe in recent weeks. What does all of this say about ...
While the United States has had a relatively mild winter to date, the winter has been exceptionally harsh in much of Europe, especially Eastern Europe in recent weeks. What does all of this say about ...
 
 
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10:38 PM on 02/15/2012
The gods must be angry-with Europe.

And what a shame they had all those solar collectors in Germany as an offering to ward off bad mojo.
10:45 AM on 02/16/2012
France generates 78% of it's electricity from nuclear power. Many of these nuclear facilities are cooled by river water. Unfortunately the river flows have been lower and warmer in summer months as a result of the changing climate. You should sober up and read this article.
http://www.climatecentral.org/news/in-tennessee-heat-waves-frustrate-nuclear-power/
03:58 PM on 02/15/2012
NOAA's global climate report for January 12 is now out:-

"The combined global land and ocean average surface temperature for January 2012 was the 19th warmest on record at 12.39°C (54.30°F), which is 0.39°C (0.70°F) above the 20th century average of 12.0°C (53.6°F). The margin of error associated with this temperature is +/- 0.08°C (0.14°F)."

http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2012/1

It seems the world is getting colder.
10:31 AM on 02/16/2012
2009 was the trough year between solar cycle 23 and 24. There is a 2-3 year temperature response lag. Being that this was an La Nina winter with weak solar output, it is understandable that this month would not produce record breaking warmth.
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jdey1234
12:02 PM on 02/16/2012
Lean & Rind (2008) and Foster & Rahmstorf (2011) reckoned there was a 1 month time lag between solar activity change and it's effect being seen in the temperature record. Hansen in his analysis of 2011 reckoned this had inexplicably jumped to an 18 month time lag. Now we have toxicity claiming a 2-3 year time lag.

They can't all be right.

http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/2008/2008_Lean_Rind.pdf
http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/6/4/044022/fulltext/
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2011/
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jdey1234
12:06 PM on 02/16/2012
It's also not yet a La Nina winter. Here's the official ENSO event data, it needs 2 more overlapping seasons to be declared a La Nina:-

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.shtml

What you need to ask yourself when people like toxicity claim to be able to explain short term trends, is if that's the case why does the IPCC need a basket of climate models? If the problem is deterministic i.e. can be solved with a simple formula, then you only need 1 climate model.

The climate is either a complex, stochastic (i.e. requires a formula so complex you need to fall back on probablility theory) like calculating cancer rates, life expectancy etc. or it's deterministic e.g. Einstein's e=mc(squared), Newton's laws of motions etc.
It can't be both.
03:14 PM on 02/15/2012
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120201105126.htm
Basically states that the loss of sea ice cover in the arctic ocean in summer is changing weather patterns with result that Europe has a cold snowy winter.
04:57 AM on 02/15/2012
Christy has discovered that snowfall in California has been consistent for the last 132 years.

http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/2012/02/california_snowpack_drought_global_warming_water.php
ubrew12
that crazy uncle from Amarcord
06:34 AM on 02/15/2012
"Lake Mead, the enormous reservoir in Arizona and Nevada that supplies nearly all the water for Las Vegas, is half-empty, and statistical models indicate that it will never be full again. “As we move forward... all water-management actions based on ‘normal’ as defined by the 20th century will increasingly turn out to be bad bets.” "
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/magazine/21water-t.html?pagewanted=all
While I'm glad to find out that the Pacific Ocean isn't done dumping snow on the Western Sierra, the rest of the West is looking kinda grim when it comes to fresh water. Regarding the Sierra Nevada's future, the quote from this article is: "[Nobel Laureate Steven] Chu noted that even the most optimistic climate models for the second half of this century suggest that 30 to 70 percent of the snowpack will disappear. “There’s a two-thirds chance there will be a disaster,” Chu said, “and that’s in the best scenario.” "
07:03 AM on 02/15/2012
Climate change as you describe it has been going on since earth was born. Do you think that it will ever be possible for man to harness the climate? Any change on earth will effect weather patterns whether it be manmade - more emissions - or natural mountains rising and eroding, forests growing or receding etc. The climate is mind-bogglingly complex. For so called "scientists" to claim that science is so advanced that we've moved from E=MC(squared) to being able to resolve an nth order polynomial equation is ludicrous.
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Jim Milks
Ecologist
10:06 AM on 02/17/2012
You really should read the actual research article, jdey. Christy also found that "There were problems with the basic data, the most difficult with which to deal was the increasing presence of “zero” totals which should have been recorded as “missing.” This and other issues reduce the confidence that the regional time series are representative of true variations and trends, especially for regions with few systematically reporting stations. Interpreting linear trends on time series with infrequent large anomalies of one sign (i.e. heavy snowfall years) and unresolved data issues should be done with caution." (Christy 2012: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JHM-D-11-040.1)

In plain terms, he admits that his own methods won't really tell you anything about whether or not snowfall has really increased, decreased, or remained the same–and then goes on to conclude that snowfall records haven't increased. Care to explain that one, jdey?
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Richard2
07:18 PM on 02/14/2012
Russia's main gas-company, Gazprom, was unable to meet demand last weekend as blizzards swept across Europe, and over three hundred people died. Did anyone even think of deploying our wind turbines to make good the energy shortfall from Russia?

Of course not. We all know that windmills are a self-indulgent and sanctimonious luxury whose purpose is to make us feel good. Had Europe genuinely depended on green energy on Friday, by Sunday thousands would be dead from frostbite and exposure, and the EU would have suffered an economic body blow to match that of Japan's tsunami a year ago. No electricity means no water, no trams, no trains, no airports, no traffic lights, no phone systems, no sewerage, no factories, no service stations, no office lifts, no central heating and even no hospitals, once their generators run out of fuel. - Kevin Myers, in Independent (Ireland).
ubrew12
that crazy uncle from Amarcord
10:16 PM on 02/14/2012
http://www.wind-works.org/FeedLaws/France/ RenewablesHelpedFranceAvoidFreezingintheDark.html
Subtitle: "French & German Wind Likely Made the Difference during Arctic Cold Spell"

R2: "EU would have suffered an economic body blow to match that of Japan's tsunami"
Please call me an 'alarmist'. It's become a compliment, coming from you.
06:49 PM on 02/14/2012
just a point of order: The Danube river does not flow through Siberia, it does cross parts of Serbia, eg through Belgrade.
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doriath22
Born-again Jacobin. Robespierre had the right idea
05:24 PM on 02/14/2012
Well, I guess it shouldn't come as any great surprise that a discussion of the weather would bring out the latest specious "debunking" of AGW
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anastmosis
01:13 PM on 02/14/2012
We look for global warming due to increased CO2 emissions, but the earth is a large dynamic interrelated system that responds to changes in various ways, so instead of more CO2 leading directly to an increase in temperature, the environment responds in other ways as the entire system is effected, so we see shifts in the jet stream and ocean currents resulting in droughts in some places, floods in others, explosions in certain animal populations, crashes in others. As the environment adjusts to the new normal, overall balance is maintained, but climate patterns are now shifted and cities built according to old climate patterns are now overwhelmed.
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blackwind
Relax, nothing is under control
04:36 PM on 02/14/2012
The warming due to CO2 increase is where all changes and shifts start. That's the cause of the shifts in the jet stream, ocean currents etc. Without the warming, none of these things would change.
12:51 PM on 02/14/2012
Could this be a sign that the Atlantic currents are stalling? That warmer water from the equator isn't moderating weather that leaves the US Northeastern seaboard?

One possible side effect of global warming and the melting ice caps may be that some northern climates do actually see colder temperatures as the heat transfer from lower latitudes slows or stops.
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midnight toker
12:42 PM on 02/14/2012
Quiet Sun Puts Europe On Ice

Updated 12:20 04 May 2010 by Stuart Clark

BRACE yourself for more winters like the last one, northern Europe. Freezing conditions could become more likely: winter temperatures may even plummet to depths last seen at the end of the 17th century, a time known as the Little Ice Age. That's the message from a new study that identifies a compelling link between solar activity and winter temperatures in northern Europe.

The research finds that low solar activity promotes the formation of giant kinks in the jet stream. These kinks can block warm westerly winds from reaching Europe, while allowing in winds from Arctic Siberia. When this happens in winter, northern Europe freezes, even though other, comparable regions of the globe may be experiencing unusually mild conditions.

Mike Lockwood at the University of Reading in the UK began his investigation because these past two relatively cold British winters coincided with a lapse in the sun's activity.

http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20627564.800-quiet-sun-puts-europe-on-ice.html
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blackwind
Relax, nothing is under control
04:39 PM on 02/14/2012
That's easy to say when there is reduced sun activity, such as two years ago when that was written, but it doesn't sound so convincing now with solar activity near it's peak.
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SallyMaclennane
The Audacity of Hype.
12:28 PM on 02/14/2012
Guess what.....it means nothing. What was the U.S. temperature in 1564? How about 124 B.C. How about 80,000 years ago? We've only been keeping records for about 140 years, while the Earth is 4,500,000,000 years old. Do you realize how statistically insignificant 140 years of data truly are when compared with geologic time? The alarms are sounding off WAY too early on this.
01:00 PM on 02/14/2012
Actually, Ice Core samples and Tree Ring records go back many thousands of years. Fossil records go back millions.

The statistical evidence is pretty clear. Modern climate change is happening and is clearly happening faster than any of these records has shown is 'normal' in our planet's history.

While this may not mean much to most city dwellers, agriculture will be greatly impacted if the climate changes quickly. This could lead to increased food prices at best, and scarcity at worst.
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SallyMaclennane
The Audacity of Hype.
01:11 PM on 02/14/2012
I fully comprehend ice core data/tree rings, etc. With those you get estimates at best. As for ice core data, you are lucky to get within a milenniun or two. Neither of those have the required sensitivity to compare with present, more accurate readings. If they did, you would have been able to answer my questions about those specific years.
01:29 PM on 02/14/2012
I didn't realize there were ice cores around the Equator. And doesn't rain affect tree rings?
BlackbirdHighway
Brawndo's got electrolites!
01:52 PM on 02/14/2012
One of my favorite logical fallicies.

Suppose I buy a car that is 20 years old. Five minutes later I drive it into a brick wall at 80 mph. Now, according to your theory, nothing bad will happen to the car unless I have detailed information for the past 20 years covering everywhere the car has been, and at what speeds it was driven. You theory is easily proven false.
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robnelsong
Dire Wolfman
11:58 AM on 02/14/2012
And that is why this phenomena is called Climate Change. The unusual weather patterns over the past several decades are related to human activities, most notably the pumping of CO2 into the atmosphere. Sure, the US is having a mild winter, but people are suffering and dying in Eastern Europe. But the US is not immune to climate change: the fires that blanketed Texas due to years of drought are a symptom that is very close to home. Thanks to the anti-scientific and luddite policies of the Republican Party, we can expect to live through even more negative effects of climate change as the years go by.
12:21 PM on 02/14/2012
So CO2 now causes cooling ?

I have never made but one prayer to God, a very short one: “O Lord make my enemies ridiculous.” And God granted it. ” Voltaire.
CO2 causes
Volcanoes [No joke, just after the Iceland volcano there were peer reviewed studies
linking it to global warming]
Earthquakes [Same thing after the Japan earthquake]
More snow
Less snow
Heat waves
Intense cold
( ICS) Irritable Climate Syndrome
Floods
Droughts
More extreme weather
Less extreme weather
Melting ice

Fewer hurricanes
More cloud
Fewer clouds
Stratospheric warming
Stratospheric cooling
etc. etc. ad nauseum.
The science is settled..
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midnight toker
12:43 PM on 02/14/2012
LOL: ICS

F&F
12:50 PM on 02/14/2012
What part of the words "climate" and "change" do you not grasp?
BlackbirdHighway
Brawndo's got electrolites!
01:59 PM on 02/14/2012
Of course it does not cause cooling. The Earth has not had even one month of temperature below the long term average since 1985. The 80's were the hottest decade ever recorded by mankind, then the 90's were even hotter, then the 2000's were even hotter. Does any of that sound like cooling to you?

The reason climate change is the preferred term over global warming is because although warming is the primary effect, there are many secondary effects including sea level rise, increased droughts, increased floods, melting glaciers, melting ice shelves, melting Arctic ice, shifting air currents, shifting ocean currents, etc.

Note that shifting air currents and shifting ocean currents can certainly cause localized, temporary cold conditions in various parts of the world, even while the average temperature over the entire Earth continues to rise.
02:55 PM on 02/14/2012
The non argument that the 00's were the warmest on record so it couldn't have cooled during that period is so obviously false that only a mentally challenged person could buy it

The sea level rise is only 3 MM per year or 1 cigarette length in 30 years. Big Deal ??

The seas have actually fallen in recent years so the average rise is even less than 1 cigarette in 30 years.

The average temperature has fallen since 2001 !

The inability of climate scientists to predict climate even 11 years in their future proves that their level of understanding is very low !Why spend tens of trillions based on it ?

AR4 predictions .3 ° C warming between 2001 and today.

http://tiny.cc/zwa7x

Actual COOLING between 2001 and today.

2000

http://tiny.cc/owp6f

#Least squares trend line; slope = 0.00201553 per year

http://www.woodfortrees.org/plot/hadcrut3vgl/from:2000/plot/hadcrut3vgl/from:2000/trend

The fact that I post irrefutable data like this is why the fish fear me !
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dakotawoman
I dreamed I saw Joe Hill. . .old time Progressive
02:57 PM on 02/14/2012
Clear and lucid explanation. I wonder why the concept is so difficult for some folks to get. Fanned. Thanks.
ThatsTheTheWayItIs
religion, ideology, partisanship are delusional
11:07 AM on 02/14/2012
"What does all of this say about global temperatures?" That they are controlled by ocean currents.

Europe is much warmer than the Northeast US because of ocean currents, and is so is our Northwest. And both had relatively cold winters, while here in the Northeast this will be the second warmest ever.

Almost invariably, a cold winter in Northwest US means a warm one in Northeast. That has to do with Pacific currents, El Nino. The Gulf Stream probably has similar variations that affect Europe, that we don't yet understand.
ubrew12
that crazy uncle from Amarcord
04:57 PM on 02/14/2012
A member of the Australian Climate Science Coalition agrees with you. On that basis, and on 2011's record La Nina, he made the following prediction early in the year: "it is likely that 2011 will be the coolest year since 1956 or even earlier". Now, first of all, this denier is to be congratulated for breaking with the long-standing denier commandment: "thou shalt not get caught making predictions". However, we must ask, how well did his prediction turn out? After all, as you say, "global temperatur­es?.. they are controlled by ocean currents." Check out figure 1, below
http://www.skepticalscience.com/year-after-mclean-review-of-2011-global-temperatures.html.
And THATS the way it is...
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CygnusX
Onward through the fog!
01:06 AM on 02/15/2012
The link goes to a 404 error.
09:44 AM on 02/14/2012
GISS have produced the January 2012 global temperature anomaly:-

http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts.txt

According to them, January 2012 was 0.03C colder than January 1988.

Looking at Hansen's comments that 2011 was the 9th warmest (according to GISS) on record, he said that this was due to a solar lag (ended 2009) being delayed in showing up in the temperature record by 18 months, followed by a La Nina event.

In January 2012, we were half way up the solar rise that started in 2009, and we didn't have a La Nina event. I'd be interested in hearing the new explanation that Hansen will surely provide as to why Jan'12 was colder than Jan'88.
02:21 PM on 02/14/2012
Incorrect. January 2012 is definitely la Nina influenced.

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.html

Jan. 2012 appears to be warmer than other recent la Nina years, 2000 and 2008, but slightly cooler than last year's. La Nina has its strongest effect on global mean temperature in winter. Anomalies will rebound this year.

2011 was the warmest la Nina year on record.

http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/press_releases/gcs_2011_en.html

Solar activity does play a role, with estimated 0.1 C between peak and valley, but note there's about a 2-year lag, so we're still largely in the valley.
02:54 PM on 02/14/2012
Here's the ENSO events from the same crowd that are saying that January 2012 is La Nina influenced. Just proves ignore analysis and look at the data:-

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.shtml

Solar activity now has a 2 year time lag? rofl.

There are obviously loads of months that I could pick from the temperature record with even larger disparities. e.g. September 1992 was colder than September 1882.

Give us all a break and just admit your hypothesis is a joke. If you accept that the climate is naturally variable then it all makes sense. If as per your hypothesis, you believe that the temperature is influenced by mankinds CO2 emissions then each and every time, the global temperature is missing heat, you have to explain where it's gone. Saying that only a year or a decade or 30 years or whatever you care to mention is important, would be ludicrous. You expect science to provide an explanation for all energy imbalances. And a month is a very long time for an energy imbalance to exist.
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blackwind
Relax, nothing is under control
04:53 PM on 02/14/2012
We are near the peak (next year) of the solar cycle, not half way through it.
01:57 AM on 02/15/2012
The solar cycle is shown at the bottom of this diagram. The peaks vary. We're at least half way up. If we're nearer the peak, then this makes Hansen's analysis of 2011 less credible.

http://spot.colorado.edu/~koppg/TSI/TSI.jpg