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Peter M. J. Hess, Ph.D.

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Creationism and Monkey Business in Tennessee

Posted: 04/18/2012 12:23 pm

I'm no kin to the monkey, no no no
The monkey's no kin to me, yeah yeah yeah
I don't know much about his ancestors
But mine didn't swing from a tree.

That's the first verse of a famous creationist ditty, "I'm No Kin to the Monkey," written by Dave Hendricks. You can hear a famous 1972 performance of it by two sisters, Robin and Crystal Bernard, singing at Jerry Falwell's Thomas Road Baptist Church, on YouTube, where it's called "The Monkey Song." And you might be excused for thinking that you might have detected it echoing through the Tennessee General Assembly recently. Eighty-seven years after the notorious Scopes trial, the Tennessee legislature recently passed a bill encouraging teachers to present the "scientific strengths and scientific weaknesses" of topics that arouse "debate and disputation" such as "biological evolution, the chemical origins of life, global warming, and human cloning," and the governor allowed the bill to become law without his signature.

Scopes was convicted in 1925 of violating a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of human evolution in the state's public schools, and that law remained on the books until 1967, when the Tennessee legislature repealed it, anticipating the Supreme Court's 1968 ruling that such laws are unconstitutional. But creationist tactics have evolved. After it was no longer possible to ban the teaching of evolution, creationists tried to have creationism -- whether in the form of "creation science" or "intelligent design" -- taught alongside evolution. With a Supreme Court ruling in 1987 against the teaching of creation science and a federal court ruling in 2005 against the teaching of intelligent design, the strategy is increasingly recognized as a failure. And so the subtler approach of the new Tennessee law.

Despite the lofty rhetoric about critical thinking and scientific inquiry surrounding the bill, it was clear what the purpose of its supporters was. After all, the bill was pushed by the state affiliate of the fundamentalist Focus on the Family, and a columnist for Scientific American reported that its main sponsor in the Tennessee House of Representatives "could not explain why a Christian organization would be pushing legislation that supposedly has nothing to do with inserting religion into science class." A less evasive state representative explained his support for the bill on the floor of the House by mangling a passage from Francis Bacon and misattributing it to Albert Einstein: "A little knowledge would turn your head to atheism, while a broader knowledge would turn your head to Christianity."

In passing the bill, the legislature ignored the opposition of the scientific community, including Stanley Cohen, Tennessee's only Nobel laureate in science, and of the educational community, including the Tennessee Science Teachers Association, representing the supposed beneficiaries of its provisions. Having taken indefensible stands on the science and the pedagogy, is it any surprise, then, that the legislature also took a questionable stand on the theology, by assuming that accepting Christianity requires rejecting evolution? Certainly there are people who think so; that, after all, is what creationism is all about. But that's a distinctively religious view, and in a modern, pluralistic, secular nation, where separation of church and state is a fundamental principle, it's not a view that legislators should be using their offices to promote.

Moreover, Christianity is anything but unanimous in rejecting evolution: there are plenty of Christians -- clergy, scientists and laypeople -- who accept evolution as compatible with, even as enriching, their faith. More than 13,000 members of the clergy have endorsed a statement calling on policymakers to "preserve the integrity of the science curriculum by affirming the teaching of the theory of evolution as a core component of human knowledge." Entire denominations, including the Episcopal Church, the Presbyterian Church (USA), and the United Methodist Church, have expressed their support for the uncompromised teaching of evolution. So Tennessee's new law is motivated not just by religious concerns but by narrowly sectarian concerns: precisely what the framers of the Constitution were so careful to discourage.

It isn't as though people of faith in Tennessee aren't aware of the problems with their state's new antiscience bill and with creationism in general. State senator Andy Berke, opposing the Senate version of the bill, spotted the problem straightaway, commenting, "I'm a person of faith. If my children ask, 'How does that mesh with my faith?' I don't want their teacher answering that question." Lenn Goodman, a distinguished philosophy professor at Vanderbilt University, recently wrote a book insisting on the scientific validity of evolution while offering, "Where evolution asks how we came to be, Genesis probes what it is to be human." As Tennessee braces for what may be a new Scopes trial, it is important for people of faith who support the integrity of science education to stand up and be counted.

If I may end with a parody of the verse with which I began:

This monkey law just has to go,
Because it just isn't true,
It's such a disgrace to Tennessee,
A disgrace to the human race too.

 
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07:41 PM on 04/28/2012
Creationism and its false corolaries when suggested or taught to a child is child abuse. The child has no religious liberty. Not stained before birth,not hardly, but for some, indelibly so after.
Ana4
neutrino alert, just passing through
03:53 PM on 04/23/2012
What did I say now that could possibly be objectionable?
You can delete this now; here, I'll make it easy:
Romney is an eejit. Flagg as OT.
12:38 AM on 04/22/2012
The same science that enabled Cheney's heart transplant also supports global warming and evolutionary theories. Scientific theory is open to constant criticism and revision as knowledge grows and evolves, unlike the dogma of creationism.
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Gerard St Laurent
Gers600
04:15 PM on 04/20/2012
The " God did it " answer is the end of learning, Science teaches, Religion brainwashes. I say teach me.
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Scotland Dave
Stop lying to kids,break the cycle of religion.
06:00 PM on 04/19/2012
If creationists are so sure that evolution is wrong, why don't any of them step up to the plate with their suggestions and ideas for peer review like all scientific data has to go through?
Oh wait, they do have an idea...."God did it." There you go, problem solved by the creationist, so when a kid from Tennessee grows into a young adult and is asked any scientific question, he has the answer right there..."God did it."
No wonder the US is losing crediblity around the educational world with garbage like this even being discussed let alone acted upon.
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Seven Teenatheart
Tolerance, peace, and sanity. Be your own person.
03:40 PM on 04/19/2012
If we are going to teach 'creation science' as an alternative to evolution, then we should also teach the stork theory as an alternative to biological reproduction.
~Judith Hayes, In God We Trust: But Which One?
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Bob Wood
A.T.C.G...(sigh)
11:47 AM on 04/19/2012
When the best minds and the best science on planet Earth all agree that evolution is the best explanation for the progress of life on Earth...it seems ludicrous that the Tennessee legislature would consider such a law. It's the 21st century...surely it's time for knowledge and reason to replace myth and superstition when it comes to education. The Tennessee school system will be the laughing stock of the educated world...and it doesn't improve the image of our nation abroad when a legisature is so ill educated as to suggest such a law. A human that refuses to think...has little advantage over a Chimpanzee. At least the Chimpanzee has an excuse...(sigh)
08:04 PM on 04/19/2012
Best....today.
11:53 AM on 04/20/2012
You would say the exact same thing about gravity and the germ theory of diesease.

Should we pass laws for the specific and blatantly obvious purpose of undermining the teaching of those too?
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12:29 PM on 04/20/2012
Do you know the future?
been2there
Facts have a liberal bias.
09:23 PM on 04/19/2012
It could be worse, believe it or not. One state legally redefined pi to 3.0. Guess how much good that did!
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Bob Wood
A.T.C.G...(sigh)
10:11 AM on 04/20/2012
Wow...how did I miss that one ? What state ? I'm sure that improves mathmatical functions immensley...(sigh)
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Bob Metcalfe
Caught at 1st. slip trying to cut
06:08 PM on 04/21/2012
God that would have made my life at school so much simpler :-).
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obiwan49
Every silver lining has a touch of grey
09:53 AM on 04/19/2012
Ah Tennessee, making WV seem more modern every day.
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Jody Dobis
09:10 AM on 04/19/2012
Why is it necessary for Christian to find accommodation with Darwin's theory? Why not just accept both as an incompatible to each other? By making both compatible to each other, we diminish each to much less than they are. At one time, Christians believed that non- Christians wouldn't not be accepted into heaven. Today, the Christian fundamentalists have found evidence in the Bible of a "special" covenant that God has with the Jews that will allow them to enter into heaven. With that type of flexibility on a key cannon of Christian belief, why the big worry about evolution? The fundamentalist appear to be un-fundamental with their own beliefs.
Bellla
Trans & Proud
08:38 AM on 04/19/2012
As Tennessee plainly abhors science, I would suggest any Tennesseeans shoot their computers, televisions and cars, bury their Iphones and chuck their Droids and Galaxies into the river, then go home and just read their Bibles. Technology comes of Science, and if you don't like Science, why do you deserve technology?
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tracerhaha1
It's time to end the war on (some) drugs.
09:09 AM on 04/19/2012
And get rid of that new fandangled farm equipment and go back to a horse and plow.
bbailey123
Uteri of the world, UNITE
10:34 AM on 04/19/2012
and no fertilizer or herbicides, no modern hybrid crops or cattle, no antibiotics for you or your animals.
09:41 AM on 04/19/2012
And don't take any modern treatments for disease and illness. Stay at home and pray.
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TheApostate
blasphemy for a half century
08:23 AM on 04/19/2012
I was onboard early in life about scientific theory.....

On several occasions I watched Evel Knievel break every bone in his body to prove gravity was "just a theory"

Worked for me !
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SoxFan1
In the long run we die
08:22 AM on 04/19/2012
Everyone complains about how these laws come to be yet we continue to elect these idiots. What it means is that those who voted for this abomination do not fear the uneducated electorate. We get the governance we deserve. Whether they are the laws restricting women's choices and their healthcare or this idiocy these politicians will get reelected. It's a product of the dumbing down of America.

Thankfully it's only Tenn so far as they are as a state somewhat of an embarrassment to our nation.
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SidTheScienceKid
Science!
10:25 AM on 04/19/2012
And Arizona, Kansas, Oklahoma, West Virginia, take a look at the crazy bills and denialism tracked by www.ncse.com ... and kudos to Ohio for firing the creationist teacher!
Ana4
neutrino alert, just passing through
10:06 PM on 04/20/2012
And now New Mexico and Indiana.
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UnderTheHedgeWeGo
Show me some evidence.
10:27 AM on 04/19/2012
It goes hand in hand with living in a trailer and voting for tax cuts for investment bankers.
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Angel1999
Microbiologist & Historian
09:43 PM on 04/19/2012
Would that trailer, by any chance, be down by the river?
08:21 AM on 04/19/2012
In order to placate my conservative Christian students, I always state that evolution is a theory and that they don't have to believe it. I simply tell them that they have to learn it and answer the questions on the test in accordance with what they were taught in class. I also ask them to not argue what their preacher says with me because I don't want them to argue what I say with their preacher. If you want your child to believe in creationism, that's fine. Just don't expect me to teach it. That's why you go to church on Sunday morning. I don't, for one second, expect a preacher to give equal time to evolution.
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John Kwok
09:17 AM on 04/19/2012
I recommend you alter your teaching style so that even these conservative Christian students of yours will understand that in science, a theory is a set of ideas and supporting data that has been tested again and again, that it remains the most likely explanation for observable phenomena (That is until another, more inclusive, theory comes along to explain that which can't be explained by current theory.). I would also encourage them to take a look at my friend Ken Miller's website:

http://www.millerandlevine.com/km

and also take a look at online resources created by my friend Peter Hess and his NCSE colleagues:

http://ncse.com/religion

As an aside, you and your students may be using the biology textbook which Ken MIller co-wrote with his former Harvard student Joe Levine. He is also a major supporter of NCSE (of which I am also a member) and was the Society for the Study Evolution's recipient last year of the Stephen Jay Gould Prize; one of many awards Ken has earned for his teaching and for his science advocacy work on behalf of the teaching of evolution in science classrooms.

You should tell your Conservative Christian students that there are many Conservatives - including yours truly - and Christians who accept the overwhelming scientific fact of biological evolution and modern evolutionary theory (which includes Darwin - Wallace Theory of Evolution via Natural Selection) as the best that is currently available. These include Republican presidential candidates Newt Gingrich and Mitt Romney.
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SidTheScienceKid
Science!
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theot58
..and the truth shall make you free.
04:36 AM on 04/21/2012
Your statement that Darwinian/Macro evolution has "been tested again and again" is sheer FICTION.

Can you please advise when/ how the testing was done?

Professor Whitten (Professor of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Australia) said:
"Biologists are simply naive when they talk about experiments designed to test the theory of evolution. It is not testable.
They may happen to stumble across facts which would seem to conflict with its predictions. These facts will invariably beï»ż ignored and their discoverers will undoubtedly be deprived of continuing research grants."
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Peter M J Hess
09:29 AM on 04/19/2012
MissMichelleP, to be consistent you should tell your students that gravity, plate tectonics, and relativity are theories as well, that students need not believe. And for the record, more than 13,000 "preachers" have endorsed the Clergy Letter Project, which states that evolution is a foundational organizing principle of biology, that does not in any way stand in conflict with religious faith.
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raptoryx13
Author/illustrator/designer
10:31 AM on 04/19/2012
And add that the term "theory", when used in a science-oriented context, means a principle that has the broadest base of support in terms of experiments, observation, and evidence. I would say that your students are free not to accept that evidence if they choose, instead of "believe" it, since science is not about beliefs, but evidence. Religion is about beliefs.
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12:36 PM on 04/20/2012
Yah, the "preachers" accept evolution, as long as there is room for their god to twiddle mutations. What person that believes in an intervening god who cares about humans, created a method of creating those humans that had almost zero chance of humans existing?
08:07 AM on 04/19/2012
The religious right relies heavily upon disinformation and manufactured "controversy" to preserve their base and to grow a new generation of supporters for their faulty ideals. They seem to recognize that their fringe notions of things can not stand up to well reasoned scrutiny and that their very survival depends upon bringing the scientific process itself into question. These Taliban-esque tactics seem ridiculous and desperate, but somehow in modern America, they are disturbingly effective. We must recognize the very real consequences of their actions and fight to maintain the intellectual integrity of America's educational system.

"Sunlight is the best disinfectant” Louis Brandeis
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theot58
..and the truth shall make you free.
06:28 AM on 04/27/2012
Your comments has nothing to do with the law. The law is a good law because it protects those who question what is being taught. Surely this is a good thing.

Why are you introduction religion where it does NOT belong?

The law says that questions and objections shall be on scientific grounds.
07:22 AM on 04/19/2012
"Moreover, Christianity is anything but unanimous in rejecting evolution" - Together with Judaism, it's trying to accomodate science, very uneasily and sometimes disingenuously. With all due respect, let religion stay in its cocoon of Tertullian's famous "Credo est quia impossibile est" - I believe because it's impossible - and leave science alone once for all.
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onionboy
Blessed are the Cheese Makers
01:13 AM on 04/27/2012
Even the Vatican has accepted evolution. It's really just the fundamentalists (of any faith) that are the problem. And Christian fundamentalists are what we have a lot of in the US.