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Rabbi Adam Jacobs

Rabbi Adam Jacobs

Posted: January 6, 2011 08:28 PM

Understanding Prophecy: Moses vs. Nostradamus


Most of the world's religious systems attempt to add gravitas and authenticity to their tenets by claiming them to be the products of a deeply enlightened seer or prophet. This person, by virtue of his or her advanced state of consciousness, pious life and transcendental awareness, is thought to possess the ability to tap into hidden stores of information that reside in a plane of ephemeral existence higher than our own. By and large, religions are established by a single individual claiming prophetic insight such as Jesus, Mohammed, Joseph Smith, et al. By contrast, Jewish tradition claims 1.2 million prophets throughout the approximately 900 year span of the first and second Temples. Across the board, the rabbinic authorities held that the prophecy of Moses was qualitatively unique within this huge group as Maimonides recorded in his 13 Principles of Faith: "I believe with complete faith that the prophecy of Moses, our teacher, peace be upon him, was true -- and that he was the greatest of the prophets -- both those that preceded him, and those who followed him."

Let's do a little comparison. Let's look at a few of Moses' predictions to see if we believe that they actually came to pass and then contrast them with the perennially popular 16th century French prophet Nostradamus. There are two criteria that need to be employed to authenticate a prophecy -- a true prediction must have both specificity and non-predictability to be viable. So saying something like "a great king will arise in the West" would be disqualified due to both its vagueness and relative likelihood, while something like "Dweezil Zappa will become Secretary of State in 2016" would be a home run.

Leviticus 26:33 states:

"And you, I will scatter among the nations, I will unsheathe the sword after you, leaving your country desolate and your cities in ruins."

The Torah predicts here that the Jewish people will be exiled from their land. Does the prediction seem clear? It does. And how about the likelihood factor? Interestingly, exile was a rare phenomenon in the ancient world (less than 10 in recorded history) as the conquering nations preferred to tax and work the vanquished population. In short, this prophecy is quite specific and was not likely to occur.

Here's one from Nostradamus (Prophecies 1:8):

"From the Orient will come the African heart, To trouble Hadrie and the heirs of Romulus: Accompanied by the Libyan Fleet, The Temples of Malta and nearby islands shall be deserted."

Ummmm, OK. I did my best to make sense of this but it's obviously extremely vague and to the best of my knowledge, no clear world historical event is associated with these words. As the blog commenters say: fail.

Back to Moses in Deuteronomy 30:1-5:

"Then the Almighty will bring back your captivity and have mercy upon you; and He will return and gather you from among all of the nations where he has dispersed you. If your dispersed ones will be even at the ends of the heavens, from there God Almighty will gather you and from there He will take you. And God your Lord will bring you to the land that your fathers inherited and you shall inherit it."

Once again, extremely clear, and extremely unlikely to have transpired. No other people has even so much as survived an exile, let alone returned to reestablish their historical homeland. In fact, the Jewish people have done this twice -- once at the hands of the Babylonians and later by the Romans. What Average Joe author would have been dumb enough to predict an outcome that was so exceedingly unlikely to ever come about? Unlikely to be exiled and impossible to come back -- not a very good wager, especially considering the world could now easily proclaim your book worthless. Better to stick with vague and meaningless Nostradamus-type musings like:

"From the three water signs will be born a man, Who will celebrate Thursday as his holiday: His renown, praise, rule and power will grow, On land and sea, bringing trouble to the East." (Prophecies 1:50)

Ah yes, those powerful, aquatic, 5th Day People. They were always giving the East hell. I think we're all on the same page when I say: gong!

Now just permit me to pre-defend myself from the inevitable charges of "cherry picking." I have discussed here only two of many. It's important to note to that many of these Mosaic prophecies preclude the others from coming about. That is, if one happens, it makes it less likely for the others to come about. For instance, the Jews are told that they will be an eternal nation (Genesis 17:7, Leviticus 26:44 ). Already very unlikely, but all the more so considering the exile we discussed. On top of this we are told that we will always remain few in number (Deuteronomy 4:27), which is certainly a hindrance to eternality. So perhaps we'll be small but so universally loved that the world will always take good care of us? Alas no. Indeed, the Torah predicts that we will be very unpopular in our host countries (Deut. 28:65-67). And there are more.

So what say you dear reader? I can see some of you you rushing to pick up your King James's to school me with some prophecy that did not come to pass (as some of them have not yet) or others that seem vague and general to you and therefore not one iota better than our man in France. I'd love to hear it all, but let's try to focus on the ideas presented here. Were they accurate predictions or not? It's not tenable to suggest that out of hundreds of inaccurate ones, I just plucked the two or three that worked. It's not the case. If you feel yourself drawn to the "cherry picking" defense, consider that it may be because you (as of yet) have no way to logically explain it. If these examples are accurate and conform to our "likelihood index," what conclusions can be drawn about the book, its author and its information?

"Delve into it and delve into it, for everything is in it." --Mishna

 

Follow Rabbi Adam Jacobs on Twitter: www.twitter.com/RabbiAdamJacobs

Most of the world's religious systems attempt to add gravitas and authenticity to their tenets by claiming them to be the products of a deeply enlightened seer or prophet. This person, by virtue of h...
Most of the world's religious systems attempt to add gravitas and authenticity to their tenets by claiming them to be the products of a deeply enlightened seer or prophet. This person, by virtue of h...
 
 
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05:33 PM on 01/13/2011
Rabbi Jacobs, I'm not sure if you failed to think of or purely omitted this thought, but perhaps the "eternal nation" that you make reference to is not physical or geographical as we think of different countries of the world as nations, but a spiritual nation. A nation with G-d as it's head, priestly authority, and "citizens" belonging to the community or nation that is referred to as the House of Israel.
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ArtJunky
Belief is mandatory
01:18 PM on 01/12/2011
Did you know that if you step on a crack, you'll break you're mother's back?

And if you break a mirror, it's 7 years bad luck. These are the sort of "Prophecies" that people took to be true. After all, in a world in which you know very little about how things work, as was true in 1st century Israel,god really does control these things.

Kings hired people with the sole purpose of "telling them the future." That people look for this in their gods, it's no surprise.

What is a surprise is that reasonable people today, will still think these superstitions are real. And on our TV programs we get a constant diet of magic, alien invasions and superstition.

I guess it shouldn't be any surprise that people believe the equivalent of Santa when they say they believe in Jesus Christ.
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Klarsonent
Semi-retired landlady, small business entrepreneur
02:48 PM on 01/11/2011
I don't know why the Rabbi had to bring "ego" into the article, with his statements the Jewish prophesy is "better" than anyone else's. A big turnoff. This only brings discension between religions.
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ArtJunky
Belief is mandatory
08:42 PM on 01/11/2011
And why would we want that?
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ArtJunky
Belief is mandatory
01:11 PM on 01/12/2011
I should have said, "Why would we NOT want discension?"
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Klarsonent
Semi-retired landlady, small business entrepreneur
11:10 PM on 01/12/2011
To keep "peace" and to stop the bickering and arguing that goes on between the different organized religious bodies.
01:08 PM on 01/11/2011
Also, the Bible's view of prophecy is a lot different from our modern view. We tend to think of prophecy as, "God has designated a specific time in history when all of these things will happen, and nobody can do anything about it." It's very fatalistic. The Bible's prophets, on the other hand, were more about social justice and freedom; their message was, "God's going to set the wrong things right."
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Klarsonent
Semi-retired landlady, small business entrepreneur
12:23 PM on 01/11/2011
I am disappointed by Rabbi Adam Jacobs article, in that, he has to bring "ego" into the picture, instead of a balanced narrative. In other words, his religious prophets are better than all the others. Sad.
12:41 AM on 01/13/2011
Agreed. His tone is a total turn off.
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KrautMan
Carpe jugulum
02:07 PM on 02/23/2011
Err... In case you didn't notice, there is hardly one religion out there that is not based on the claim of being the one, true faith.
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AxelDC
12:09 PM on 01/11/2011
Many of these passages were written after the fact.  The Bible has been edited and retrofitted to make its prophecies seem to work.

Nostradamus didn't have that luxury, so his vague prophecies have not been retroactively fulfilled.
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ninetailedfox
banning people.....so childish
09:06 PM on 01/10/2011
I was taught if you can see your future, it changes. People create their futures by : forgetting the past (and repeating the past), by their actions, and what they choose to believe. As for Nostradamus, I make my own future, whatever happens will be.
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b525
12:43 PM on 01/10/2011
If there's any bible scholars out there they might want to read the 18th Chapter of Revelation concerning merchants role in end time events which precede the return of Christ. Recent political events seem to make the 18th Chapter of Revelation increasingly relevent.

Here's a passage from Revelation 18:23:

"And the light of the candle shall shine no more at all in thee; and the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride shall be heard no more at all in thee: FOR THY MERCHANTS WERE THE GREAT MEN OF THE EARTH AND BY THEIR SORCERIES ARE ALL NATIONS DECEIVED.
And in her was found all the blood of the prophets, and of saints, and of all that were slain upon the earth."

Almost the entire 18th chapter of Revelation concerns the damage to the earth/people and the collapse of civilization and the destruction of the rule of law caused by the rich/merchants becoming exceedingly powerful.

Earlier portions of Revelation also indict merchants for the greed and the destruction they cause througout the earth, stating that God "SHOULD DESTROY THOSE WHO DESTROY THE EARTH" (Chapter 11:18).

It also states that plagues and destruction are unleashed upon the earth and men still refuse to repent "from the works of their hands, and curse God for their afflictions" instead of owning up to the destruction we have brought upon ourselves.

These passages seem to refer to merchants attempts by dismantle/destroy American/European governments, as well as the U.N.
12:26 PM on 01/10/2011
"By and large, religions are established by a single individual claiming prophetic insight such as Jesus..."

Just call me a heathen if you will but what were some of Jesus' prophesies?
03:32 PM on 01/10/2011
Correction:
Your statement should read--

'By and large, religions are established by individuals wishing to take advantage of one individuals insights, after that individual is dead and buried."'
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HeevenSteven
20 Minutes into the future.
09:59 PM on 01/10/2011
".... what were some of Jesus' prophesies­?"

The meek shall inherit the earth?...bwahahaha...
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NickTAZ
The blue = Job Growth
11:15 AM on 01/11/2011
It could still happen..... (I'm, admittedly, not holding my breath)
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ArtJunky
Belief is mandatory
12:56 PM on 01/11/2011
"The meek shall inherit the earth?...b­wahahaha..­. "

Are we there yet?
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08:46 AM on 01/10/2011
Godis wrote:
"The Bible itself is written in a style so condensed as to require much intense study. Many know nothing of the Bible or of religion because they will not think and study. It is impossible to have a clear understand­ing of Truth without sound theology and rejection of theology is a rejection of knowledge."

Truer words have rarely been spoken, Godis! Obviously you have actually studied the Bible.

I don't think I've read any text with each sentence so densely packed, as to be very nearly incomprehensible to the casual reader, as is certainly the case of the King James English translation's slightly less than 800, 000 word often ambiguous approximation of the even more hyper-condensed Hebrew text, consisting as they do, of words that are called "block-logic" where each word is pregnant with its own deep meaning.
Just as an example, I spent over two years studying just two chapters, 50 and 51 of Jeremiah, after which I wrote to my family back in the States to warn them, that "Fanners" would come and ignite a fire in America, and they would fan it, until the flames completely destroyed America!" that was in September of 2000 ( those emails are on my hard-drive), and one year later, 19 young men with hijacked passenger jets struck the Twin towers of the World Trade Center.
What to say of this, or that Jeremiah also said Iran and Russia would destroy America?
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09:03 AM on 01/10/2011
you can judge this saying of the prophet Jeremiah for yourself, when in verse 43 of chapter 50 he declared that the "king" or" head of state" in America would...when the attack is launched against her by the combine forces of Iran and Russia...behave "like a woman".

So, in the dative context of this prophecy, is this a prediction that the next president of the United States will be a woman?
04:33 PM on 02/20/2011
funny, I don't see anything in there about America... or Russia for that matter...
09:27 PM on 01/12/2011
Hi Sally sees I have been reading a new book JESUS THE LAST NEPHILM and I am sure you would find it very interesting
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ArtJunky
Belief is mandatory
01:02 AM on 01/10/2011
Harry Potter Prophecy: "The one with the power to vanquish the Dark Lord approaches ... born to those who have thrice defied him, born as the seventh month dies ... and the Dark Lord will mark him as his equal, but he will have power the Dark Lord knows not ... and either must die at the hand of the other for neither can live while the other survives ... the one with the power to vanquish the Dark Lord will be born as the seventh month dies ..."

When one makes up a story and then quotes from that story, one shouldn't believe it to be true any more than I should "believe" in the Harry Potter Prophecy.

It's just that simple.
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ArtJunky
Belief is mandatory
12:34 AM on 01/10/2011
I love how the bible makes "predictions" about events that have already happened.

That's like someone "predicting" that Martin Luther King would be assassinated but doing so 30-50 years after his death...
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Ohalos
Advocate for the Concealed
07:54 AM on 01/10/2011
Does that mean that you believe the Bible predicted after 1948 that the Jews would return to their homeland?
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ArtJunky
Belief is mandatory
12:54 PM on 01/10/2011
Why would I believe that? The bible says that it's OK with him to have your slaves circumcised. How could god have known that 2000 years later, slavery wouldn't be all that popular. I say that's a REALLY poor prediction.

What it points to is that god "writes" to the times and at the time the bible was written, slavery was just great.

Besides, it's all make-believe anyways and it's pretty obvious that the bible holds some pretty embarrassing problems...

I suspect that you don't really care to hear because that spoils the fun you get from all the
make-believe.

And yes, Santa is Real.
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12:07 AM on 01/10/2011
The problem with Prophecy is that there are always fanatics that believe in that prophecy so much that they actively work to make it happen.
12:28 PM on 01/10/2011
Would that be the 'self fulfilling prophecy'/
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Ohalos
Advocate for the Concealed
10:57 AM on 01/11/2011
Just curious. Do you have other examples of self fulfilling prophecies?
09:32 PM on 01/12/2011
Had a great time reading JESUS THE LAST NEPHILIM, it sure gave me a different view of religion and prophecy
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opines
03:37 PM on 01/09/2011
All true prophets have the forevision to discern the shape of things to come (pierce the veil of the future) sooner and with more clarity than can their contemporaries.

Imagine standing on an ocean beach and at your horizon seeing a huge wave forming. You point to it to others on the beach but they don't see it. As months pass and it moves closer you see it with more definition. It's huge and rising. Still no one else sees it. You know it won't turn back and when it hits it will devastate.

You have become the crazy one on the beach who warns against what they cannot see.

Such was Cassandra's fate.
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Tim Ostrander
skeptic, humanist, father
10:02 AM on 01/09/2011
Interesting argument. If we are considering whether or not a prophecy is valid or not I think it helps to ask ourselves what the purpose of the prophecy would be if it were not actually inspired by God (i.e. valid). To me it seems that the effect of the prophecies on the Israelites at the time would be to fear the Jews into obedience. Indeed, that is the very thrust of the entire chapter of Lev 26. Just look at verses 14-16: "But if ye will not hearken unto me, and will not do all these commandments; 15And if ye shall despise my statutes, or if your soul abhor my judgments, so that ye will not do all my commandments, but that ye break my covenant: 16I also will do this unto you...." and then follows a string of promises, all of which are extremely horrible and fear inspiring. It's a common strategy among OT and NT prophets alike. Prophecies of this sort are basically meant as divine threats.

As for the Deuteronomy example, why stop at verse 5? There's plenty more to the very same prophecy (which again can be very clearly seen from the context of the chapter to be a threat against disobedience). Verse7 says that all the curses reversed will be put upon their enemies.

I do think there has been cherry-picking. After all, there are tons of prophecies in the bible.