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Rabbi Adam Jacobs

Rabbi Adam Jacobs

Posted: December 11, 2010 07:52 PM

How the Torah is Pro-Women

What's Your Reaction:

There is a common (and unfortunate) misconception in the world at large that the Torah is anti-women. The reality is that a simple examination of the actual text and a little research into some of the major commentaries reveal just the opposite. No modern apologetics are required to prove the truth -- that Judaism is, and has always been, exceedingly pro-woman.

Let's start at the beginning. A careful reading of the text of Genesis shows us that Adam was never alone: "So G-d created Man in His image, in the image of G-d He created him; male and female He created them." The original Adam was a male and female composite that was only separated later. The 19th century German Torah giant Rabbi Sampson Raphael Hirsch expounded this verse unequivocally in support of the fundamental equality of men and women, "Although all living creatures were created in both sexes, this is only stressed at human beings to lay down the fact that both sexes were created equally, directly by G-d, and in equal likeness to Him." He wrote this some 50 years before women's suffrage.

Then there are the women of the Torah themselves -- powerful, intelligent people who by all appearances are respected, loved and given the voices to enact their will. Time and again, their decision making proved decisive in the history of the formation of the nascent Jewish nation. In fact, an argument could easily be made (by one who does not accept the Torah's divine authorship) that women must have written these stories. When Sarah and Abraham clashed over Ishmael, it was her will that won out and he was forced to evict a son whom he loved. G-d Himself ratified the action telling Abraham "whatever Sarah tells you, heed her voice." That doesn't sound too oppressive does it? From here we are also taught that Sarah was a greater prophet than the founder of Judaism, Abraham.

When the evil Esau was on the verge of receiving the powerful blessing from his father Isaac, Rebbecca stepped in a crafted a plan to have Jacob receive it in his place, once again averting a near disaster in the succession of leadership. When Moses' father, Amram, in desperation at the oppressive and genocidal laws of Egypt, separated from his wife, believing that it was wrong to bring any more children into the pit that was Egypt, he was rebuked by his young daughter Miriam -- and listened! Anyone spot any misogyny here? Deborah and Yael led the nation in battle, Channa taught us the essence of true prayer and an entire book of the Bible is dedicated to the heroic deeds of Esther. These events occurred between 2,500-4,000 years before suffrage. They were also engrained into Jewish consciousness and recorded into law. For instance, 1,000 years ago Maimonides wrote that "a man must love his wife as much as himself and honor her more than himself."

On the fourth day of creation we are taught that "G-d made the two great luminaries -- the great one to rule the day and the small one to rule the night." So which is it, are they both great or only one of them? We are taught that the answer is both. They began as equals and then one was reduced. The midrash (homiletically) explained that the moon came and complained to the Almighty about having to share the sky to which He responded, "OK, then go make yourself small." This short exchange is the subject of a massive amount of Kabbalistic exegesis and instructs us about the unbalanced and degraded nature of women in this world, a state that the Torah wants rectified.

We are taught that the moon symbolizes several things; it represents the Jewish people's relationship with G-d and our status in this world. It is always in flux, waxing and waning and all the while never producing any light of its own but only reflecting the light of the sun. So too does it represent women and the desire and direction of all of history and all of Jewish practice is to rectify this imbalance, which Kaballah explains is the root of evil in this world. This is the true meaning of tikkun olam. How interesting that once a month a group of Jewish men will stand outside after the Sabbath to stare at the moon and recite the verses of Kiddush Levana (the Sanctification of the Moon) which reads in part "to the moon He said that it should renew itself as a crown of splendor for those borne by Him from the womb, those who are destined to renew themselves like it..." Delving further and summarizing this idea, the great Kabbalist Issac Luria wrote, "As long as the feminine presence within each creature remains diminished, the entire organism lacks completion. Thus, the primal drive of the universe is to restore woman back to her place on high. There is no other way to fix the world except by inviting her back up and in."

There are, and have always been, a great many people interested in speaking in the Torah's name. When these voices, who generally have neither the training nor the licensure to explain it, are allowed to direct the narrative, a twisted and forlorn version emerges. One that possesses a plethora of partially baked tidbits and a healthy dose of preconceived errors, but lacks the true beauty, depth, wisdom and humanity of the real thing.

 

Follow Rabbi Adam Jacobs on Twitter: www.twitter.com/AdamJJacobs

There is a common (and unfortunate) misconception in the world at large that the Torah is anti-women. The reality is that a simple examination of the actual text and a little research into some of th...
There is a common (and unfortunate) misconception in the world at large that the Torah is anti-women. The reality is that a simple examination of the actual text and a little research into some of th...
 
 
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12:23 AM on 12/19/2010
I would just like to say be careful of what you read and study. Read only God's word and not man's interpretation. Might I suggest only reading torah/old testament, and new testament for God's truth. He warns of not adding or subtracting from His Holy Word.

Deuteronomy 4:1-2 Now, Israel, hear the decrees and laws I am about to teach you. Follow them so that you may live and may go in and take possession of the land the LORD, the God of your ancestors, is giving you. Do not add to what I command you and do not subtract from it, but keep the commands of the LORD your God that I give you.

Ecclesiastes 3:14 I know that everything God does will endure forever; nothing can be added to it and nothing taken from it. God does it so that people will fear him.

Proverbs 30:5-6 “Every word of God is flawless; he is a shield to those who take refuge in him. Do not add to his words, or he will rebuke you and prove you a liar.
09:44 PM on 12/18/2010
1 Corinthians 11:7-12 A man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but woman is the glory of man.

For man did not come from woman, but woman from man; neither was man created for woman, but woman for man.

It is for this reason that a woman ought to have authority over her own head, because of the angels.

Nevertheless, in the Lord woman is not independent of man, nor is man independent of woman. For as woman came from man, so also man is born of woman. But everything comes from God.

Isaiah 3:12 Youths oppress my people, women rule over them. My people, your guides lead you astray; they turn you from the path.

1 Timothy 2:11-15 A woman should learn in quietness and full submission. I do not permit a woman to teach or to assume authority over a man; she must be quiet. For Adam was formed first, then Eve. And Adam was not the one deceived; it was the woman who was deceived and became a sinner. But women will be saved through childbearing—if they continue in faith, love and holiness with propriety.
04:10 PM on 12/16/2010
If she had her bat mitzvah at the wall, most likely at Robinson's Arch, her daughter is a Reform, Reconstructionist or Conservative Jew and can become a rabbi. My cousin has been a Conservative rabbi for over 20 years and was valedictorian of her class at the Jewish Thelogical Seminary. You do yourself and Judaism a disfavor by conflating the different movements.
01:20 PM on 12/16/2010
An interesting article (although it would have been nice to have some mention of Asherah) I do however have one problem with it :-

"..these voices, who generally have neither the training nor the licensure to explain it.."

This comments *seems* to embody a dismissal of conflicting voices, that they do not understand what they're talking about, or that they somehow need permission (from who one may ask) to voice their views. Both of these I find somewhat worrying.
09:41 PM on 12/18/2010
"An interesting article (although it would have been nice to have some mention of Asherah) "

Judges 3:7-8 The Israelites did evil in the eyes of the LORD; they forgot the LORD their God and served the Baals and the Asherahs. The anger of the LORD burned against Israel so that he sold them into the hands of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram Naharaim, to whom the Israelites were subject for eight years.
07:20 AM on 12/19/2010
Aherah was the name given to Yahwehs consort - a great deal of the Bible was revised during the monarchy to serve the interests of a small elite in Jerusalem.
08:00 PM on 12/14/2010
You cannot judge a religion by only what you know. Because if you're not a Jewish woman, you can't say if Jewish women in general are oppressed, and the same if you're not a Muslim woman, etc. What Rabbi Jacobs is explaining here is--a Jew who lives according to the Torah and the Jewish law is definitely not participating in the subjugation of women, but rather the raising up of women. What happens in reality--that may be another story, and "oppression" is for sure relative and subjective. But it is clear that the Jews were the first to champion women's rights--from the daughters of Zelaphchod during Exodus down through the years to Queen Esther from the story of Purim, on to Gluckel of Hammeln, a Jewish businesswoman and mother of 14 who wrote her own memoir in the 1600's, and to modern-day women leaders in Israel and abroad, like Golda Meir & Tzipi Livni.
What has always bothered me about modern-day culture is that, while women are now socially permitted to do a wider range of work--they just add it to whatever they did before. Meaning a woman who used to cook and clean and care for the children a few generations ago is now also stuck in a 9-5 on top of everything. It's a crazy life. I don't see it as better for women. I'm happy to have the choice, but life is more busy and burdened than ever.
12:45 PM on 12/14/2010
btw cultural customs overshadow religion into second place status...so really if people where to wholeheartedly follow their religion w/o having cultural contexts creep into holy texts and sayings, I believe there would be a lot more sincere ppl than the hypocrites esp running religious institutions.
12:40 PM on 12/14/2010
Rabbi...these are stories of people who have chosen to lead good lives, and are made an example in holy texts..I can find similar stories in the bible and Quran of men who have sacrificed for women, yet the underlying problem is institutionalized religion, clergy...men who think they have a strong relationship to God, when they have none whatsoever...w/o living a day of struggle...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mortifyd
10:53 PM on 12/15/2010
Torah *is* the Bible. *headdesk*

"m­en who think they have a strong relationsh­ip to God, when they have none whatsoever­...w/o living a day of struggle..­. "

As to that - well, you seem to have some issues with men, G-d or both that you are projecting onto other people. You have no idea of any other persons burdens in life or relationship to G-d.
08:16 PM on 12/13/2010
As someone who considers herself both Orthodox and a feminist (in the true sense of the word, which is someone who is concerned about women's dignity and respect), I am saddened by the hostile tone and clear lack of knowledge of many of the comments here. Before I read the Torah and learned the truth, I, too, thought traditional Judaism was sexist. However, I've realized over the years that true equality means a respect for what each gender brings to the table...how we each can perfect the world in our own unique way; it's not about copying the men and 'proving' our equality. And as I always tell my students:"a woman who strives for equality is selling herself short." There isn't time for me to go into all the errors and misquotes that are presented here by readers, but I would just urge the women out there to look into the Torah with an open mind and see what our tradition really says. Just one example: the ketubah (marriage document) commands a husband to provide for his wife, including her sexual pleasure. Tell me, does that sound sexist?
08:27 PM on 12/13/2010
Thank you!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mortifyd
10:54 PM on 12/15/2010
Toda raba! It would be really helpful if more frum women confronted these stereotypes like you have.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
Skepticat
Supporting skeptical felines everywhere
07:56 PM on 12/13/2010
When the most devout and traditional followers of a religion thank their diety daily that they were not born a woman it's a pretty safe bet that the original writings were not for gender equality.
12:02 AM on 12/14/2010
YOU DON'T GET IT! they thank G-d for giving them the opportunity to fufill more mitzvot- good deeds that woman are not obligated with! they recognize that every good deed in this world has life altering affects! every blessing, every kindness brings more blessing upon this whole world! ( in Kabbalah, we learn that for every good deed u do in this world, a good angel is created to better the world!)
Now, you may ask "why women are not obligated by some of these commandments?" well because...and gets this! THEY ARE BETTER THAN MEN ( this isn't my idea, this is in Kabbalah, part of holy teachings of the Torah) why are women better than men? because just like G-d, they are also creaters and therefore more spiritual than men! they dont' need more "drills" and commandments to get them on right path!
You shud study Judaism from the right accurate sources, then u wont' have any confusion!
11:06 AM on 12/29/2010
Skooter: You say "women are not obligated by some of these commandments" because they are "better than men." If that is true, why would any man in his daily prayers thank G-d for be-ing inferior? Makes no sense to me.
07:06 PM on 12/13/2010
After creating all. LIghts were created first on earth, for earth was void and darkness, evenings and day light. the earth of void nothing lived on it and darkness abyss.

Then after all was done with the earth creations, God then turns to  creates lights in the firmament of the heavens-these lights have different tasks serve as signs for fixing of -seasons- days- and years upon the earth. 2 great lights sun, moon and stars.

Next after that God said Let us (more then one present ) create man 1st then in our image  and not to later did God create  woman. man/ wo/man  God said, I will then create a helper for man, man should not be alone. I will make him a helper like himself (also a helper) Man names her wo/man, for she came, was created from man's, bone.

For the two shall become ONE flesh. Mans fall came because of woman, who was deceived by the serpent, then woman deceived man also, into disobedience. God gives man dominion over woman.  And God was upset that he listen to his wife, which God commanded man not to eat from, man was given authority over his wife. Both are to be subject, serve each other. God is a God of order.
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Mortifyd
10:57 PM on 12/15/2010
Nope, try reading it in the original language and context, it's our book, we can read it just fine. You are the one with the comprehension problem.
04:23 PM on 12/13/2010
In the interest of full disclosure I think it is important that Rabbi Jacobs mention how many women he has solicited on FB and Twitter to offer positive comments supporting his article.
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Ohalos
Advocate for the Concealed
06:30 PM on 12/13/2010
I've posted three times on HuffPo and each time let people know (on FB only) that they should check it out and join in. I actually got the idea from the blogging guidelines that HuffPo sends around after they approve each post. That's what they recommend doing...
04:20 PM on 12/13/2010
Rabbi Jacobs has made a clear case that original Biblical text is not biased against woman. Equality does not have to be viewed as simply task oriented, that men and women should complete the same tasks and that makes them equal. Just as no two people have the same purpose in life, men and women will frequently have different purposes. True equality is when the contributions, opinions and voices of any two people (or of men and women) are viewed as equal. Torah Judaism in its purest form espouses this value. If this is not seen in the actions of some people, that is an issue with them and not the text from which their values were derived.
02:25 PM on 12/13/2010
I am surprised by many readers’ comments, which I found to be spiteful and ignorant. Rabbi Jacobs made persuasive arguments, countering misconceptions and providing examples from the Torah, and other Jewish sources, demonstrating the significance of the role of women. Unfortunately, many commentators seemed to want to spread their own misconceptions, hoping to use this forum to promote their own arguments, however specious they may be. Rather than respond with facts, that help form an opinion, they responded with an opinion, and facts are simply lacking.

Readers asked whether Rabbi Jacobs was kidding, and commented that “Judaism is anti-women,†and that Judaism views women as “flawed and weak,†among other ridiculous statements (I think the article clearly demonstrates otherwise). Unfortunately, very few readers even bothered to provide simple evidence backing up such inane comments. Almost none of these posts reflect intellectual honesty. Rather, they reflect ignorance and close-mindedness! Did anyone actually look at the sources Rabbi Jacobs mentioned, or at other sources? I did, and what I found confirmed Rabbi Jacobs' statements. I did not find any examples of the Torah giving permission to husbands to beat their wives or sell their daughters into prostitution. These claims are simply laughable, as are those who clearly have an agenda and want to spew their pettiness here.

Rabbi Jacobs – thank you for providing an insightful column countering many myths about Judaism and women. As for the detractors' ignorant statements – shame on you for spreading atrocious lies and exaggerations!
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Cindy Tregan
Proud D.F.H. Lib'rul
04:38 PM on 12/13/2010
Most if not all of those making what you call "ignorant and close-minded" comments had the decency to quote Book, Chapter and Verse for the examples they gave. Did you only depend on the sources the Rabbi mentioned, or did you actually READ THE TORAH and especially those verses that were cited?

Perhaps if you read the actual document instead of depending on someone else's commentary you will find that which you ridicule.
02:07 AM on 12/14/2010
Cindy,

Perhaps you didn't understand one of my simple statements. I asked the other readers whether they read the sources Rabbi Jacobs mentioned, and other sources. I then responded that I did (that means that I read the sources Rabbi Jacobs mentioned, and other sources!). So, to answer you, I did read the actual Torah (I've probably read the entire Torah, with commentary, dozens of times), I read those verses cited, and I didn't depend on someone else's commentary. You might want to explain, however, "you will find that which you ridicule." Sorry, but it makes no sense whatsoever.

As for those comments you mentioned that quote Book, Chapter and Verse, again, if you are being intellectually honest, you will notice that few people actually did this - they simply criticized Rabbi Jacobs' column and cited their own opinions to counter his arguments. So, to say "most if not all" of those people quoted Book, Chapter and Verse is simply wrong. I suggest that before you read the Torah, you might want to actually read these posts (which you obviously did not) and then read the Torah and you will may actually come to an objective opinion. Good luck!
02:24 PM on 12/13/2010
Wonderful article! Being an Orthodox Jewish woman myself, I find it somewhat alarming that people feel that my role in life, or religion is sexist. I am not interested in proving my power and worth to people, and thankfully have never felt the need to. This is because I know firsthand that the women in our circles are admired, respected, and appreciated more than in any other community in the world.
ThinkCreeps
Seriously, it's time.
04:51 PM on 12/13/2010
Nice. And should you wish to allow the sun to shine on your hair, as maybe some of your sisters would reasonably want?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Mortifyd
11:01 PM on 12/15/2010
Then she can do that in the privacy of her own home as she chooses - and the decision to cover her hair after marriage is the womans - it's her mitzvah not his. You seem to have some weird assumptions about Jewish homelife that are not accurate.
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whirlpool
founder walnut tree congregation
12:43 PM on 12/13/2010
I have always been intrigued that at the end of the Book of Job when Job has a new family, he names the daughters and not the sons. It seems as if the daughters are placed in the custodial role for the new found wealth. It is also interesting that the creation story mentioned in the article is the one from Genesis One. The rib from Adam thing appears in Genesis Two which seems like some sort of an addendum added on by a different writer. I think the problem comes in when certain denominations like Catholics and Mormons refuse to accept women as equals in the hierarchy of the church even though Catholics revere Mary and a number of women saints. And then there is the nonsense in some Protestant denominations about the wife "submitting" to the husband. I do think the Rabbi more than made his point however with the examples cited.
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Mortifyd
11:02 PM on 12/15/2010
Christian misappropration and lack of understanding the text or actual practises of Judaism is not our problem - it's the Christians problem.
12:01 AM on 12/16/2010
Judaism is all over the place on everything except two thing. Contempt for the "other" and Jesus of Nazareth.