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Looking for Suffering in All the Wrong Places

Posted: 05/09/2012 11:31 am

"We Jews protest and remonstrate against suffering," writes Rabbi Shmuley Boteach in a recent blog in The Huffington Post. "We don't find spiritual purpose in it. We fight it, and, to the best of our ability, cure it." Boteach rails against those who see the disabled child as a blessing, sent to teach the virtues of purity and absolute innocence. "All children deserve to be healthy," he proclaims, professing himself unable to explain why babies with disabilities are born at all.

As the parent of a child with Down syndrome, I too resist the idea that my son's disability is a blessing, a sign or a lesson. However well intentioned, such explanations diminish his humanity, reducing him to a mere reflection of other people's concerns. But from here, the rabbi and I part ways. Although he writes about disability in general, he focuses many of his observations on children with Down syndrome and their families. And it is here that he gets things terribly wrong. Let's start with the many inaccuracies that litter his post. Equating Down syndrome with suffering, Boteach praises the "doctors who work tirelessly so that this disease can be purged and children came into the world healthy." Down syndrome is not a disease. It's caused by a relatively common genetic accident resulting in an extra 21st chromosome. Although some people with Down syndrome are susceptible to certain medical problems, they are not sick simply because they have Down syndrome. We are frustrated when the doctors who treat my son seem confounded by the idea that someone can be both healthy and disabled.

Nor are people with Down syndrome perpetual children, an idea linked to the damaging misperception that they cannot be educated. In the past, parents were advised to institutionalize a child born with Down syndrome, who, they were told, would remain in a perpetual state of dependence. Sadly, such beliefs became a self-fulfilling prophecy. Denied nurture, stimulation and basic medical care, it's no wonder that children with Down syndrome failed to reach their full potential. A younger generation of adults raised at home, educated and given opportunities to flourish is proving how many of the negative qualities associated with Down syndrome are actually the byproducts of institutionalization. The 2009 film "Monica and David" documents the joyful, loving relationship of a married couple with Down syndrome. Actor and singer Chris Burke, musician Sujeet Desai, and champion swimmer Karen Gaffney attest to the many things adults with Down syndrome can accomplish. To assume that people with Down syndrome are inherently innocent and childlike is to prematurely foreclose the possibility for adult relationships and opportunities.

But what's most troubling about Boteach's essay is his confident claim that Down syndrome causes suffering to individuals and their families. There is plenty of evidence to contradict his claim. Just read the work of authors Chris Burke, Jason Kingsley and Mitchell Levitz. Sure, people with Down syndrome experience frustrations and disappointments. But more often than not these are because of being denied the opportunities enjoyed by their peers, forced into infantilizing living situations or placed in unrewarding work programs. People with Down syndrome are capable of experiencing the same satisfactions and passions as the rest of us. Nobody watching "Monica and David" dance a sensual, joyous salsa at the end of the film could equate Down syndrome with suffering. Nor do the families of people with Down syndrome suffer more than average. Parents like Michael Berube, Amy Julia Becker, Martha Beck and Jennifer Graf Gronenberg have written about the rewards of raising a child with Down syndrome. And when it comes to siblings, it would be hard to say that Dr. Brian Skotko of the Children's Hospital in Massachusetts, Tiger Mother Amy Chua or Olympic snowboarder Kevin Pearce were damaged by having a brother or a sister with Down syndrome. I know hundreds of more ordinary families who would probably describe themselves as experiencing degrees of suffering similar to those of the rest of the population. Very few would attribute that suffering to Down syndrome. When we do experience suffering, its causes are often systemic. We suffer when we hear "retard" jokes in Hollywood films and coming from the White House, when teachers think our children can't learn, or when they are excluded from social opportunities. These problems aren't caused by Down syndrome, but by ignorance and prejudice.

Its important to resist the misperception that disability necessarily comes hand-in-hand with suffering. We live in at a moment where medicine promises to eliminate pain. People with disabilities inspire fear and disgust in the able-bodied because they seem to suggest the limits to this promise. But research shows a dramatic difference between non-disabled people's perception of the quality of life of people with disabilities and the way people with disabilities describe themselves. When asked, they claim levels of satisfaction commensurate with those of the general population. My experience tells me the same is true of their families. This anecdotal evidence is supported by studies showing that the families of disabled children are no more likely to be broken or dysfunctional than the families of typical children.

Children with Down syndrome are born into a world of contradictions. Improved medical care, educational resources and changing social attitudes mean that they will lead longer, healthier and more rewarding lives. At the same time, genetic research continues to develop tests that would allow for earlier detection and, it is presumed, elimination, of a fetus diagnosed with Down syndrome. As someone who strongly supports reproductive freedom, I'm dismayed by the misinformation about genetic disabilities offered to prospective parents. How can they make wise decisions when the counsel they receive is so often inaccurate or biased? The wrongheaded equation of Down syndrome with suffering certainly does nothing to lift the fog of misunderstanding.

Boteach ends with a story about a newborn with Down syndrome who required extensive medical attention. Distraught at the emotional and financial burden this child might entail, his mother wondered whether his life was worth saving. Fifteen years later, we're told, the family is united by their shared love and commitment to caring for the disabled child. They can't imagine life without him. "Even as I write this," Boteach gushes, "I'm getting emotional." He is rightly moved by this family's resilience and strength. But the source of his emotions is misguided. Instead of recognizing a story of hope, Boteach sees only hardship. A rabbi is, by definition, a teacher and a leader in his or her community. As such, Boteach is charged with responsibility to ground his opinions in more than feeble anecdotal evidence. He has the potential do good by pointing out the real suffering in the world. But it does little good to anyone, and potentially causes great harm, to imagine suffering where there is none.

Rachel Adams is the author of 'Aiming High Enough,' a memoir about raising a child with Down syndrome to be published by Yale University Press. She teaches English and American Studies at Columbia University.

 
 
 
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01:06 AM on 06/04/2012
But, Down syndrome IS a disease- a progressive disease and medicine is just beginning to pay attention to the studies about this (in mouse models of DS at the moment). The extra chromosome is mostly benign but the Critical Region codes for some terrible biochemical differences....SOD-1 gene, DYRK gene and more lie here. Cell membranes are less permeable, cells die quickly, neurotransmitter differences yield less neural growth. People with DS use antioxidants more quickly, aging beyond their years, utilize fats improperly, and have disrupted CBS cycles, resulting in too much Cysteine building up in the body I believe which is toxic.

There are ways to correct some of these cellular differences and slow the brain damage caused by those extra genes. Look into TNI- Targeted Nutritional Intervention. I am not an expert, just a mom who is doing TNI with our child since 8 months (wish I started EARLIER!) and have a talkative, bright 3 year old now. (I also healed the older one from PDD NOS so I KNEW there was something to ameliorate Etel's DS and help her be the best she could be mentally).

I highly recommend groups.yahoo.com/group/DSTNI and einstein-syndrome.com/join to learn about TNI, Neurodevelopmental and other ideas that will definitely help your kid.
12:30 AM on 05/12/2012
This is the most thoughtful and comprehensive article on the experience as a parent of a child with DS that I have read in a long time....if ever. Awesome article!!!!
07:50 AM on 05/11/2012
I agree on many points as a mother of a child with down syndrome but not on others.. I think the author has fallen into the age old trap of "justfying" the existence of our children by stating how close to "normal" they are. I am tried of having the same names of the "higher functioning " ( I hate that term) well known indviduals with down syndrome being trotted out to support the argument that our children are close to normal . This is the wrong approach to my mind. My son is "low functioning" and probably "suffers" less than the individual mentioned in terms of frustration and so on. His life is his life he does not have to be high functioning or well known. He is perfect just as he is. His life is his life and that is enough!!!! No justification needed. Diversity is the angle we should take. Lets not base our arguments against people like this Rabbi on the basis of the achievements a very of few individuals rather lets defend the whole Down Syndrome community and the different levels of achievement. They are human they are here and that is enough! I would also support the medical model of down syndrome if it produced therapies to improve the life of my son like the research that goes on in places like Standford. I want it to help the people already here and those yet to be born not to eliminate them.
11:24 AM on 05/11/2012
Agree agree agree agree....!!!!! This is perfectly stated!
10:21 AM on 05/10/2012
Wonderfully and beautifully stated. Anyone who thinks an individual or family "suffers" from this genetic anomaly is welcome to visit our thriving family and meet our extraordinary, healthy, developmentally "normal" daughter, who happens to have trisomy 21. The only "suffering" we experienced came from the dated and misinformation we recieved at her diagnosis.

Looking forward to reading your memoir.
09:07 AM on 05/10/2012
As the mother of a 4 month old (prenatally diagnosed) son with Down syndrome, I am thankful for Rachel's honest, accurate and heartfelt response/clarification. To qualify Rachel's statement that Down syndrome is not a disease as simply an 'assertion' is simply incorrect. It is not a disease, it is merely the presence of an extra chromosome. The 'suffering' of our children is caused by the ignorance and misinformation that seems to permeate the general public and, in some cases, the medical community. The possibilities for our children are only limited by the opportunities afforded to them. I am grateful for a community of people that have made it a point to try and dispel the ignorance that seems to abound on this subject. For those that say ‘we need to work to keep it from happening,’ I would ask you, have you actually ever met anyone with DS or talked to a family that has embraced it? I would guess not.
09:01 AM on 05/10/2012
I could not agree more, although when I try to tell people the same thing, they think I am crazy, as some folks below. All I can say is that if anyone is willing and prepared to be a parent at all, they should be ready for anything. Down syndrome represents life in all its diversity and beauty. And a life full of joy, not suffering, at least at my home with my daughter.
08:30 AM on 05/10/2012
Beautifully done, bravo!
You point out very well that studies have shown that families with a disabled member are no less happy than others. Many of us who are in that world can attest to that truth, yet the myth still circulates that our children are "born to suffer" and that they will be a "burden" to their families.
Having a child with a disability can create stress, but so do many other worthwhile ventures in life. We can choose how to respond to stress: by sinking into depression and feeling helpless, or by rallying our resources, coping and becoming stronger. There is no blood test or lab result that can predict how you will shape your own future.
10:44 PM on 05/09/2012
To paraphrase Berube - race for the reasonable accommodation, not race for the cure.
09:19 PM on 05/09/2012
When my son was born 12 years ago with Down syndrome, I thought my life was over. I was wrong - it had just begun. Yes, there are challenges, but my guy is awesome.
In his early years, I couldn't believe my eyes when I'd read from parents of older kids with Down syndrome that even if they were offered a "miracle cure", for free, they would not choose it.
I'm am now in that very same place. My kid does not suffer, but for the fools around him who try to deny him opportunities.
And the author is right - he is limited by the ignorance of those around him, not by his "disability".
06:37 PM on 05/09/2012
It is hard to understand why suffering happens from the perspective of a person with faith. There are many reasons to justify why, but ultimately we don't know.

All we can do is the best we can and have faith.
09:01 AM on 05/10/2012
Please re-read the article.

The author makes the case that Down Syndrome does not equal suffering.
12:48 PM on 05/10/2012
I know, was just discussing the nature of suffering since it was discussed in the article.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert Frano
‘Plausible Deniability’: NOT A FAMILY_VALUE!!
04:48 PM on 05/09/2012
Re: “…As the parent of a child with Down syndrome, I too resist the idea that my son's disability is a blessing, a sign or a lesson. However well intentioned, such explanations diminish his humanity, reducing him to a mere reflection of other people's concerns. But from here, the rabbi and I part ways...." {Rachel Adams}

As long as this author DOESN'T insist, either verbally, via coercive-writing / religious proseyltizing, and/or, at 'pocket-howitzer-point', like Scott Roeder, James ‘atomic dog’ Copp, Erich Rudolph, T. McVeigh, M. Atta, & Barouche Goldstein, (...to name a very few!), that I/we bear a pregnancy-to-birth under any/all circumstances...
even if it's revealed that the pregnancy is affected by Down’s syndrome / ANY other such ‘calamity’, (as we chose to define / describe it!)...

I will gladly support her / Mrs. Palin’s right to extol the (alleged) joy(s) of Downs -/- other birth-defect-affected motherhood!
08:04 AM on 05/10/2012
First of all, it's very difficult to read what you write.

Second, you are using a straw man argument. Has the author insisted that you, or anyone, bear a child with Down Syndrome against their will? (Not that someone named "Robert" could probably carry any pregnancy to term.) What exactly is "coercive writing"? Does persuasive argument take away your ability to think for yourself and act on your own free will?

Please read the article again before making irrelevant comments, and please write using standard syntax and sentence structure.
03:05 PM on 05/10/2012
Yes, very difficult to read your post. Most people think before they write, rather than write what they are thinking.

Anyway, you are arguing a point of having the choice to destroy a child with Down syndrome or other disability - something that was not mentioned in the least. If the article gave you feelings of that point, it is only because humanity trumps opinion and you feel like crap about it.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert Frano
‘Plausible Deniability’: NOT A FAMILY_VALUE!!
04:51 PM on 05/10/2012
Re: "...Has the author insisted that you, or anyone, bear a child with Down Syndrome against their will?..." {kweansmom}

Referencing:
"…like S.Roeder, J.Copp, E.Rudolph, T.McVeigh, M.Atta, & B.Goldstein”, etc., individuals who killed in ‘monotheist-sociopathy’, or ‘heroically’, (depending on one’s philosophical / theologic-P.O.V.), I believe I’ve mentioned people whose ‘WRITINGS' are indeed extraordinarily coercive, to say the very least!

It’s reported Mr. Roeder, (aka, '50-to-life' Roeder), has written Tiller’s widow, demanding she / her children ‘recant / confess’!
Should the widow Tiller confess her sorrow at NOT being murdered, (in coldest blood), while Mr. Roeder was pretending at ‘morality’ in a public venue, via pocket howitzer??

Re: "...Anyway, you are arguing a point of having the choice to destroy a child with Down syndrome or other disability - something that was not mentioned in the least..." {jjjenkin}

‘Any abortion, for any reason’, is / will eventually be the law of the land, despite the violent / coercive activities of previously mentioned ‘prolifers’!
As just noted...
the so-called 'prolife' movement is replete with people who’ll proudly resort to heinous acts, in misplaced concern for a small human-bio-subset, aka, zygotes, embryos, foetels!
Ironically…
G.Bush, R.Chaney, Condi-S-leeza.Rice, C.Powell, T.Blair, E.Abrams & thousands of other pro-lifer’s display remarkable indifference to earth-life, (in general), & 1.something.million men, woman, (preggors/otherwise), & children, (particularly)!

Mr. Ratzinger has welcomed war criminal Blair into the allegedly ‘prolife’ R.C.C. via open mandibles…
Mandibles as in ‘insect’, metaphorising this pope’s Gross - Moral - Relativism!!
03:12 PM on 05/09/2012
************************************************************************

Oh, my goodness!!! As a single Mom myself of an
absolutely wonderful 21-year-old son with Down Syndrome,
I say this.....

"YOU GO, GIRL!!!"

What a wonderfully written piece!

And I agree wholeheartedly with everything you've said!

My son is the absolute light of my life, and I would
have it no other way.

************************************************************************
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
methodman
03:06 PM on 05/09/2012
One of the major dilemmas is a breakdown in the concretion of the medical community (surgeons) which while valid ) and I won't dispute that benefit the representational systems are not taught to most people. In my case I am able to affect things only because I fuss with the way I represent things. When I talk to MD's they tell me that nothing I say can produce sense. But if that is true why am I able to change things and become more flexible? There is another problem larger and that is the lack of representational value emphasized by the clergy. Who at every striking distance backhand people who attempt to bring sense and shine lights that gather together disparate conversations. So of course I will backhand the clergy and continue to do so unapologetically. They have no reason not to support peoples attempts. And when I deal with one who won't listen I do scream SHUT UP!!!!
photo
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Tuskin Roberts
02:58 PM on 05/09/2012
Since reading your article I've done some research on down syndrome. I can honestly say I knew little about it, although I've known many people with DS throughout my life, including my friend's younger sister, whom I just met recently. Thank you for enlightening me.
02:37 PM on 05/09/2012
Absolutely wonderful! Spot on!