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Raymond J. Learsy

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Germany's Misguided Paradigm as Versailles Treaty Enforcer While the Brilliance of Reunification Goes Unheeded

Posted: 11/28/11 05:05 AM ET

Sometimes it is not just the numbers. The human factor and historical imperatives need play their role in policy formation.

Unquestionably, the financial impasse in Europe today has historical foundations. A prosperous and diligent Germany is called upon to relent its rigid financial determinants to relieve the regional economic pressures, to in effect underwrite the noble experiment of a now faltering Europe. The Germany being asked to step up and take the risks inherent to underwriting the enterprise of 'Europe' has a memory writ large of financial excess and mismanagement. The destructive inflation of the 1920's was a primary factor that brought about the societal upheaval permitting the ascent to power of the National Socialists. The rest, of course, is history.

What seems to have been overlooked was that the inflation and German economic mismanagement of that period was instigated in large measure by the rigid demands of the Versailles Treaty imposing on Germany's war torn economy reparations it was not in any position to accommodate. The printing press was, at that time, the only solution and the devastating hyperinflation that resulted has left an indelible scar on the German psyche, and in turn one can assume, plays a profound role in today's financial policies.

Yes, the printing of money was the end result, but the fundamental cause was the intransigence in the enforcement of the Versailles Treaty, an intransigence that led to Germany's economic disaster and in turn to Europe's greatest carnage with the loss of millions upon millions of lives. It was In pained reaction to these events that led to the vision and formation of today's 'Europe'. It is this grand vision of a united 'Europe' that the financial crisis is threatening to dismember. It therefore becomes more than ironic, bordering on the frightening, that history would cast Germany as the nominative 21st Century 'Versailles Treaty' enforcer, a treaty that was meant to bring to an end to a war that was meant to "end all wars"

Yet, there was/is another moment, another time, another Germany. It is the moment that the new postwar Germany undertook its greatest risk, financial and human, and achieved an extraordinary triumph on a human, historical and now economic level. The Reunification with East Germany was an act of magnanimity still not fully understood outside the borders of Germany extant. To absorb 18 million fellow Germans from an impoverished, underdeveloped landscape, and to support them freely, unstintingly to help them to reach the economic and societal norm of the their Western compatriots was an act of such magnanimity. It has been rewarded with a flourishing landscape of economic achievement and societal well being. It has turned Germany from laggard, often described as the "sick man of Europe" in the early 1990's, having undertaken the gargantuan task of unification, to becoming the economic behemoth that it is today. Bloomberg BusinessWeek in its cover article, "Best Merger Ever", would state unequivocally:

It's no exaggeration to say that the contours of the Western world as we know it today were forged by German unification. As a result, the European Continent is more peaceful and unified now than at any time in modern history.

Yes, unification had its difficult moments. Initially the introduction of the Deutschmark on a 1 to 1 basis into the newly unified States of what had been the German Democratic Republic, had a devastating impact on East German industry, making their manufactured goods suddenly unaffordable outside their borders and all the societal dislocation that entailed. Yet Germany was unstinting in its support, committing well over the equivalent of $1 trillion to the reunification project. As the former West German President Richard von Weizsacker was to declare that the rebirth of a united Germany was the "the most moving experience of our lifetimes."

The sinews and commitment of "Germany's Reunification" is the lesson that deserves to be emulated. This is the lesson that went far toward restoring the self confidence both of a German nation and a German psyche, traumatized by the earlier events of that century. This is the moment once again, in the spirit of that example, for today's Germany to step forward.

For Germany and for Europe, much more is at stake than simply the balance sheet of the European Central Bank

 
 
 

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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Vincent Van Der Hyde
The truth will set you free.
02:44 PM on 11/28/2011
"...but the fundamental cause was the intransigence in the enforcement of the Versailles Treaty, an intransigence that led to Germany's economic disaster and in turn to Europe's greatest carnage with the loss of millions upon millions of lives."
Not sure I understand the point here. That the Treaty was not enforced enough or was enforced too much? Other opinions?
02:57 PM on 11/28/2011
He means the treaty was rigidly enforced, requiring Germany to admit sole fault for WWI and forcing them to pay unrealistic reparations. The result was the humiliation and economic ruin of the fledgling Weimar Republic which led to the rise of Nazism.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
SaulBloodworth
Author of The Cabal
06:05 PM on 11/28/2011
Not only that, the victorious nations, mainly France, posted troops in Germany and shot miners in the Rhineland who did not work fast enough as "saboteurs".
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Vincent Van Der Hyde
The truth will set you free.
10:28 PM on 11/28/2011
Somebody needs to read a good history of the appeasement of 1919-1933. The Brits went far out of their way to appease German ill will. The basic problems were that the French were unwilling to compromise at all, and the Americans would not participate in the process, choosing instead to hide behind a wall of Republican isolationism.
02:24 PM on 11/28/2011
"has left an indelible scar on the German psyche"

Sorry, but as a German I think that is an utter myth. There are barely people alive who remember the hyperinflation of the 20s or between the end of WWII and the introduction of the D-Mark.
IMO, it'd be rather prudent to just look at the experiences people made over the last, let's say, three or four decades. So, yes, the D-Mark was a symbol closely tied with export championship and the economic recovery of modern Germany. It also played a role in German Reunification: One of the slogans used in eastern Germany was: "If the D-Mark doesn't come to us, we will go to the D-Mark".

At the same time, when traveling abroad (for holiday) as a German you noticed that other currencies were weaker; especially the Lira and Peseta had a kind of bad reputation.

If German economists, politicians, business people AND union representatives or social justice advocates are opposed/reluctant/skeptical about inflating debt because of real impacts that has: For an export oriented, low natural resources economy like Germany price stability is extremely important to calculate profits/ the price tag of long term production.
On the other hand, inflation drives up especially food and basic consumption prices which hit the poor and low incomes the heaviest. It also melts away the small savings. The wealthy/ high incomes on the other hand can hedge against inflation on the international capital markets.
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SaulBloodworth
Author of The Cabal
06:04 PM on 11/28/2011
Ye, but Americans live in the past. They think Europe is kind of like it was when their grandparents hopped on the boat.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
A ScottMiller
02:03 PM on 11/28/2011
Thanks for the article. I think it is a good story for a lot of us in America who forget it, especially those like myself who were too young to appreciate the significance of the fall of the Berlin wall and all that followed.
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meoshi
A Member of We, the People
01:22 PM on 11/28/2011
That was a fine article, Mr. Learsy, but you forgot to mention that Germany has not had to pay out gargantuan outlays of money to finance a military. I would imagine that not having a large military payroll has also helped Germany to become the financial megacountry that it is today.
04:55 PM on 11/28/2011
The US hasn't "had to," but chooses to, still does, and will continue to. And the standard of living, quality of life, the financials, well...
05:50 PM on 11/28/2011
That's not quite true. During the cold war, Germany was on the front line (obviously) and maintained a mass (conscription) army. It's tank divisions were second to none. But, true, it did not need to maintain hundreds of bases abroad, unlike others.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
SaulBloodworth
Author of The Cabal
12:34 PM on 11/28/2011
The real problem here is not too much spending or not enough saving, it is a banking system running amok and taking bets against whole countries. The reason Greece got on trouble was Goldman, Sachs. To curb those people should be the first step. Look at Iceland, they simply told the bankers to shove it and got away with it.
01:55 PM on 11/28/2011
I agree and as a German I can pretty often only shake my head in disbelieve when all blame and responsibility is solely heaped on us. First of all, there are other EU nations in the same position as Germany, namely Austria, Finland, France, The Netherlands and Luxembourg. As a Dutch politician recently put it (IMO quite correctly): The Dutch often can voice (to the media/ the public) what Germany thinks.
Secondly, and that touches exactly what you say: The question of bailouts or rescue mechanisms is one thing, but as we see on a daily basis we must urgently and simultaneously rein in the financial sector or else all the money made available will just "trickle up" and feed the financial sector with no relieve for the "real economy". That kind of policy is opposed especially by the UK and US. They hope that sooner or later the money will flow into their banks.

I think Germany and the other five should be much more clear in their message: We are only willing to contribute with our economic force to stabilize the global financial if we get the regulations and revenues we seek from that sector. In particular, the UK as part of Europe and seat of the lion share of European banking must get on board.
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Free Your Mind
We do not need wars to prosper.
06:27 PM on 11/29/2011
Be prepared for more of the blame game as the US, UK and Israel will keep pressuring Germany into getting involved in wars for profits across the globe as we could see in Libya's case. The foremost factor for US wars is defending the value of U$ and access to cheap oil - the basis for "so coveted by others - american lifestyle".
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Free Your Mind
We do not need wars to prosper.
06:30 PM on 11/29/2011
Sadly, that's only one the reason. Many people in Southern Europe have been living beyond their means and do not want to pay up. So it's both.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Free Your Mind
We do not need wars to prosper.
07:04 PM on 11/29/2011
"one of the reasons"
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muysuave41
Olive Oil Producer
11:53 AM on 11/28/2011
Mercantilist economic subversion has come home to roost. Hopefully leaders can take a stand and demand an end to an economic structure that is too rigid and put an end to trade policies that favor larger economies.
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usna73
We are all in this together
11:30 AM on 11/28/2011
German voters will get their chance sooner or later. Here is the choice German voters will face:

1) German citizens agree to join a full-blown Eurocratic Nanny Zone (ENZ) giving up sovereignty on nearly everything that matters.
2) The Eurozone breaks apart.

There are no other choices, only half-way proposals to temporarily forestall the inevitable. Either way, there will be much pain for Germany.

If I were a German I would expect my country to exit the Euro and let the chips fall where they may.
01:57 PM on 11/28/2011
The Euro is a German project.
05:10 PM on 11/28/2011
No. The Euro was the French condition for reunification. France thought the Euro could control Germanys economic power.

That was a fault, obviously.
05:44 PM on 11/28/2011
That's just silly. There's nothing "nanny" about sharing sovereignty. - Exiting the Euro would be hugely expensive, not only for Germany but everyone else, too. Not least Britain, mate.
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usna73
We are all in this together
06:56 PM on 11/28/2011
Sorry mate. UK bankers deserve what we should have done what we in U.S should have done to ours in 2008. Those who took the risks have to suffer the loss.
11:20 AM on 11/28/2011
The problem is that it's extremely difficult to ask Germans to pay for other countries' lack of financial responsibility. How would you feel if your tax dollar / pound / whatever was to guarantee your neighbor's extravagance? Germany's experience with the D-mark and the Bundesbank were just too good to jettison those principles now. The ordinary German "man in the street" feels like saying to the problem countries, look, we took the pain when we reformed our system a few years back, now get with the program and do the same!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Free Your Mind
We do not need wars to prosper.
06:36 PM on 11/29/2011
Right on.
Joel Smithis
Small business owner
10:49 AM on 11/28/2011
When to think about it, West Germany's investment in East Germany, to the equivalent of $1 Trillion, is a pure Keynesian economic policy, and worked as well as Eisenhower's investments in American infrastructure in US in 50s.

We need it in US again to re-build our own country.
04:57 PM on 11/28/2011
Maybe we can get Germany to rebuild the US, they seem to be good at rebuilding. And how ironic...
05:52 PM on 11/28/2011
Congress would never approve it ;-) Remember, "America First"!
10:30 AM on 11/28/2011
Gorbatchev was the man to ignite the German re-unification. He gave the go ahead. But then it was up to Mitterand, Thatcher and Bush sen. to decide. It has been said that Thatcher was against it as she feared a united Germany would be too strong. Mitterand was kind of neutral and it was Bush sen. who pushed the other two into agreeing to let Germany be re-united. That is how it was reported back then.

Today Germany is in a position it has not chosen to be in on purpose. Too many countries in Europe expect too much from us. Merkel gets a lot of heat from other leaders in Europe of being too dominant. On the other side they don't seem to have the balls to lead. Merkel tries to help to get a decísion that would serve Germany and Europe, but not on the account of Germany shouldering everything. The UK brings back strong anti-German vibes in their media. It will be interesting to see how it goes in the near future. One thing is clear, Germany, embedded in the NATO and the EU is definetely no threat to its neighbors anymore.
Joel Smithis
Small business owner
10:54 AM on 11/28/2011
Thanks for post. Sounds like a good pragmatic german perspective to me.

My understanding is that Germany, and german banks, were way too eager to provide cheap credit to some weaker european states. So they do have a substantial responsibility.
11:22 AM on 11/28/2011
The misunderstanding was that people believed all countries would stick to the Maastricht rules. In the end, nobody did, some more that others. At some point, confidence just collapsed.
01:05 PM on 11/28/2011
What you write is true in the sense that German banks (Deutsche Bank here) gave credits with risks that might have been too high.

For example: Deutsche Bank gave credit to Greece to buy German submarines for a few 100 million Euros. Now one has to ask, why in the world has Greece to be armed to the teeth when their economy as a whole is in dire straits ?

I think it is wrong when Greek people are denounced as being lazy, when in fact it was banks, greed and a few corporations that made a fortune that caused their downfall.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Free Your Mind
We do not need wars to prosper.
06:40 PM on 11/29/2011
It would have never happened without the Polish Solidarity movement - Poland first broke the ranks with getting rid of the communist system in June 1989, when none else ever dreamed about being free from the Soviet oppression. Then the the rest of the countries followed and the whole bloc crumbled.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
sposton
right to tell what they don't want to hear
10:26 AM on 11/28/2011
Pure mythology! I suggest Raymond J. Learsy read Hjalmar Schacht for real causes of German hyper inflation. He would be surprised that the same exact forces are at work now - rampant systemic speculation!
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
BrettnCalgary
03:33 PM on 11/28/2011
He also does not mention that the German industrialist class benefited greatly from the hyperinflation, their physical assets (plant and equipment) came through intact, but all their debt was gone. The same goes for the German government, the hyperinflation eliminated all its internal debt.

The losers were the industrious citizens whose savings (often in the form of government war bonds), were destroyed. This was no coincidence, but policy, they benefited and could blame the pain on foreigners.
10:13 AM on 11/28/2011
All Palestinia­­­n refugees have the inalienabl­­­e right to return to their homes and lands in 1947 Palestine. The British and the UN had no right to give 1947 Palestine to any foreign entity. 1947 Palestine belongs to the Palestinians and must be returned to the Palestinians. Palestine belongs to all the Palestinians regardless of race or religion.
10:09 AM on 11/28/2011
The answer is simple. Germany cannot afford to bail out Europe.
01:59 PM on 11/28/2011
They have to. They will lose all their markets if they don't.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert Frank
My last name is FRANK so thats what I am..
09:42 AM on 11/28/2011
the Germans have always been superior economically to most other nations on and off the continent..and I'm not saying this out of racism/hatred its just fact..they have a discipline that most other nations could learn to emulate yet many refuse to do so out of ignorant national pride
verflixed
the truth is not fixed
11:28 AM on 11/28/2011
Deutschland, Deutschland ueber alles. Does not sound so bad in comparison to American Exceptionalism does it
05:01 PM on 11/28/2011
Germany is good, but quite frankly, the remarks about "superiority" and "discipline" are a bit much, and ring like wishful thinking, idealization, and projection.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Robert Frank
My last name is FRANK so thats what I am..
05:41 PM on 11/28/2011
well what other word would be appropriate? more powerful? stronger? more advanced? the words I used fit
08:50 AM on 11/28/2011
German reunification serves as a reason why Germany and the other financially stable parts of Europe should shore up all of Europe. Because in the long run, it will make all of Europe stronger and more stable.

Austerity will lead to social unrest which will help no one. No one will be protected if the financial system collapses. Not even Germany.
02:08 PM on 11/28/2011
I agree with your point, but we also must ensure that the actions along the path are constitutional, legal, concerted and feasible. We must have clear priorities: EZ interests first, then EU, then the US and then the rest of the world; so, if necessary (especially when it comes to crack down on the financial sector) ignore the interests especially of WallStr and The City and implementing (other than PM Cameron wants) policies to enforce our EZ interests (see for example the action/ dispute about clearing houses).
Because all in all, if we take stock of our abilities, then these abilities lie in the much higher degree of industrialization/ share of the Secondary Sectors on the balance of the EZ economies. I think the whole EZ banking combined is much, much smaller than the banking in the UK alone.