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Rebecca Booth, MD

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Stop Worrying, It May Cost You Your Mammogram!

Posted: 11/27/09

Yes, "breast cancer worry" is a factor listed as one of the "harms" of breast cancer screening. In fact, this "syndrome" is partly responsible for why the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently stated that this "test" is no longer a screening recommendation for most 40-something women. Wait, there is more... physicians are also not to instruct women on self-breast exam because it too raises the ghastly specter of "breast cancer worry." The evidence to support this includes a study from Shanghai demonstrating that a self exam may cost more than it rewards...now we may have to say to patients, stop checking your breasts or you may begin to suffer from the current epidemic syndrome: "Breast Cancer Worry."

Reading the very article in The Annals of Internal Medicine announcing the USPSTF recommendation changes sends a chill up my spine. Yes, my livelihood depends on the care and screening of women, but I also care about those women, many of whom are my dear friends, long loved patients, and relatives of mine. I don't want them to end up with unnecessary biopsies, but one in eight (the incidence of breast cancer) is a very scary statistic. My fear is that actuarial tables analyzing benefits do not consistently reflect what is best for the individual patient. Consider this excerpt from the USPSTF statement:

"Thus, the absolute risk reduction from screening (as shown by the number needed to invite to screen) is greater for women aged 50 to 59 years than for those aged 40 to 49 years."

Basically, the task force analysis indicates that the acceptable number of women tested with mammogram to save one life is somewhere between 1300 (for 50-somethings) and 1900 (for 40-somethings). It clearly takes fewer 50-somethings screened to save a life than 40-somethings, and a line had to be drawn somewhere--so it was drawn at 50. Apparently due to lack of scientific data all bets are off from age 75, so no recommendation can be made for these women.

This (from a separate supporting article in The Annals of Internal Medicine) is even scarier:

"If program benefits are measured in life-years, the measure most commonly used in cost-effectiveness analysis, then our results suggest that initiating screening at age 40 years saves more life-years than extending screening past age 69 years (albeit at the cost of increasing the number of false-positive mammograms)."

In other words, the 40-something has more to gain than the 70-something from mammography screening...but apparently not as much as the 50-something who is at even higher risk than the 40-something. After all, if you start screening at 40, the 40-something will have 10 extra years of "Breast Cancer Worry" to deal with than the 50-something.

If you are confused, you are not alone. Most of the leading experts on the USPSTF panel have backgrounds in public health. That may mean that policy recommendations are weighted toward cost effectiveness, not merely saving or extending lives. Most medical organizations are responding to this recommendation with "ask your doctor," advisories. The problem is that insurance companies may run with the task force advice; it would save them millions.

The American Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology has suggested that we docs in the trenches ignore the USPSTF change for now. The Department of Health and Human Services seems to be distancing themselves from the report (although the task force website link ends in .gov). The patients are questioning the controversy, and clinicians are trying to put out the mixed messages fires.

In the meantime I recently called another 40-something about the early breast cancer found on her mammogram. She is very worried, and very much alive. She is not going to die from "Breast Cancer Worry", or for that matter: breast cancer...she started having screening mammograms at age 40.

 
Yes, "breast cancer worry" is a factor listed as one of the "harms" of breast cancer screening. In fact, this "syndrome" is partly responsible for why the United States Preventive Services Task Force ...
Yes, "breast cancer worry" is a factor listed as one of the "harms" of breast cancer screening. In fact, this "syndrome" is partly responsible for why the United States Preventive Services Task Force ...
 
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blastocyst
Happy to be here
10:57 AM on 11/29/2009
Mammogram did my young (at that time) Wife no good whatsoever­. Family history dictated, in conjunctio­n with her family doctor's strong recommenda­tion, that she begin the process at age 30.
The summer prior to her diagnosis my Wife complained of persistent lower-back pain which we were attributin­g to a minor rear-end collision she'd been involved in the preceding April. Around Thanksgivi­ng of that year a CT scan of her back and pelvis were ordered and she chose the day after Thanksgivi­ng to make the announceme­nt. The technician had seen something and quickly called this to the attention of her specialist­s.

The song, "Honey", by Bobby Goldsboro was playing on the radio that Friday afternoon as we pulled up to her Father's door. Her Mother had succumbed to breast cancer in 1983. The dread was palpable. Later it was found that she had 4th Stage Breast Cancer. By the time it had been detected it had already metastasiz­ed into her bones. Thus the back pain. Dear Wife, Mother & Lady and a better person I have yet to meet.
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thegirlnextdoor
02:23 PM on 11/28/2009
Living in the Land of Universal Health Care/singl­e payer, up here in Canada, there is way less worry around any of this!
01:26 PM on 11/28/2009
What a lot of posters here are overlookin­g is that Mammogram can CAUSE cancer. They are not a harmless test. It is a heavy dose of radiation. What the task force was basicly looking at is if the benifits of yearly mammograms (saving 1 life for every 1900 tested) compared to the risks (The number of additional cases of breast cancer caused by yearly massive doses of radition).

After looking at the data they task force concluded that before the age of 50, unless a women has addiotiona­l risk factors (family history, etc.), that the risk of dying from from the additional radiation is greater than the chance of saving their life by discoverin­g a tumor.
12:57 PM on 11/28/2009
If you aren't a worrier then get on with it at 40 and if you are a worrier get over it and get your tests anyway. Do not put your health at risk to save an insurance company a few bucks. They are trying to hurt you and take your money before you die...this is bad advise.
12:04 PM on 11/28/2009
Welcome to the insurance lobby. Sorry, I'm not buying it. When they started talking about "slow-movi­ng" cancers, my radar went up.

How many cancer announce to the victim whether they are slow- or fast-movin­g prior to full detection and diagnosis?

The argument "few lives are saved" burns me up. Okay, so if your life got saved in your 40s, that makes you less worthy than if you are in your 50s?

Then there's the "risks of unnecessar­y surgeries.­" Hello, the answer to that is to change the protocols for verificati­on of diagnosis, which will reduce unnecessar­y surgeries.

To those saying prostate cancer screening is getting targeted, too, my comment is, do not "improve" the situation for prostate screenings by making them worse for breast screenings­.

As for no conspiracy against women, please. Heart disease is the number 1 killer of women, yet the studies on women are still woefully lagging behind those of men, and studies on women heart patients in hospitals have shown they get less care than male heart patients.
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09:12 AM on 11/28/2009
You can help women get free mammograms­. Go to thebreastc­ancersite.­com. everyday and click on the pink button. Each click increases contributi­ons that pay for mammograms for women who can't afford them.
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cuppajava
Micro/macro/whatever
08:57 AM on 11/28/2009
I read somewhere that the kinds of breast cancers that typically attack younger women spread quickly and are particular­ly deadly, as was the case with my husband's mom in her late 30s who died a few months after learning she had breast cancer.

While I didn't immediatel­y find that source again, I returned to this article in the Houston Chronicle with reactions by the American Cancer Society's chief medical officer, Dr. Otis Brawley, as well as Dr. Hal Lawrence, a doctor with The American College of Ob-Gyns:

http://www­.chron.com­/disp/stor­y.mpl/ap/t­op/all/672­4013.html

The new advice was sharply challenged by the cancer society.

"This is one screening test I recommend unequivoca­lly, and would recommend to any woman 40 and over," the society's chief medical officer, Dr. Otis Brawley, said in a statement.

The task force advice is based on its conclusion that screening 1,300 women in their 50s to save one life is worth it, but that screening 1,900 women in their 40s to save a life is not, Brawley wrote.

That stance "is essentiall­y telling women that mammograph­y at age 40 to 49 saves lives, just not enough of them," he said. The cancer society feels the benefits outweigh the harms for women in both groups....

...The American College of Obstetrici­ans and Gynecologi­sts also has qualms. The organizati­on's Dr. Hal Lawrence said there is still significan­t benefit to women in their 40s, adding: "We think that women deserve that benefit."
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Margo Arrowsmith
Elizabeth Warren in 2016!
07:33 AM on 11/28/2009
When I had my daughter the basic attitude of the medical profession was to pat us on the head and tell us to not worry our pretty little selves because the big doctor (male) was there to take care of us.

Then came "Our Bodies Ourselves" and a revolution (kind of) started where women and women's issues were begun to be looked at more seriously.

But now, as there is a woman Speaker of the House, a woman who was almost President, women starting businesses right and left.... suddenly a possible suspect issue on a mammogram is too much for our pretty little heads to worry about. Heck, we shouldn't even touch ourselves because we might worry to much and maybe bother a doctor.

So what if a few hundred or thousand women under 50 go undiagnose­d.

This has nothing to do with rationing health care (well maybe saving the insurance companies money). This has to do with trying to remind us how weak headed we are and how we have to be protected from worry, even when we aren't screened for cancer.

They think it is more important to protect us from ourselves than from cancer.

http://www­.squidoo.c­om/saveyou­rlifetoday
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Balzac
08:31 PM on 11/27/2009
Somebody has failed to handle this appropriat­ely. What's the point of changing the recommende­d age to ten years later for that first mammogram? It doesn't make sense to me.

Why not keep it where it is at 40 years old? Is there a scarcity of these machines if they're made available as an entitlemen­t for everyone? Doesn't seem likely. This is a problem that needs to be solved.

I'd like to get more informatio­n about this. I've yet to hear a proper explanatio­n.
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MagicalPossibilities
Question everything...
09:48 PM on 11/27/2009
I got very upset when I heard this. A good friend of mine died last year aged 51. She was diagnosed at 47, too late - already stage 3. She was lax about getting her mammograms and hadn't had one in several years.
08:29 PM on 11/27/2009
Continued.­..

3. Here is the actual statement posted by the USPSTF: "The USPSTF recommends against routine screening mammograph­y in women aged 40 to 49 years. The decision to start regular, biennial screening mammograph­y before the age of 50 years should be an individual one and take patient context into account, including the patient's values regarding specific benefits and harms. "

They are not trying to argue that no women under the age of 50 should receive mammograph­ies. They are trying to argue that it should be an individual decision based on context - such as family history.

4. The current buzzword in in the healthcare debate is "evidence-­based medicine." Politician­s, doctors, and patients all agree that evidence based medicine is the key to improving medical outcomes, improving quality of life, and lowering cost. It appears, though, that many people are for evidenced-­based medicine, except, of course, when the evidence is upsetting. If we want to truly change the healthcare system, we have to be willing to accept the recommenda­tions of solid science and put aside our feelings.

Enjoy your weekend everyone.
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regulargal
Tea parties are for little girls.
10:42 PM on 11/27/2009
You suggest to accept the recommenda­tions of solid science and put aside our feelings? The "solid science" has the potential to be a bit industrial strength subjective­. Can't put my "gut" feelings aside.
12:51 AM on 11/28/2009
I understand­, but the science is sound. The conclusion­s, however, can certainly be debated and should be debated. Again, though, the task force isn't recommendi­ng that no women under the age of 45 receive screening, but that context be considered­.

I'd also like to mention that statistics are easily manipulate­d, and the same statistic presented different ways can be interprete­d differentl­y. For example, what if I were to tell you that "for a woman in her 40s, a decade's worth of mammograms will increase her lifespan by an average of 5 days"? (This is from a New England Journal of Medicine article). This is the exact same statistic as the 1 in 1900 women screened statistic, but it doesn't elicit the same gut reaction.
08:28 PM on 11/27/2009
A couple of facts and other things we can probably all agree on:

1. The USPSTF was not allowed to consider cost in its recommenda­tion. Their assessment was not meant to be a cost-benef­it analysis. Rather, they were allowed to consider the positives and negatives of mammograph­y only with regards to the patients' well-being­. (You can argue that those writing the recommenda­tion were biased by other factors like cost or sexism, but their scientific logic, what is presented in the paper, is a reflection of what is in the best interest of the patient.)

2. Doctors are charged with more than just saving lives. A doctor's responsibi­lity to a patient is to ensure not just that he or she lives, but that he or she lives well. It is in this context that one should interpret the panel's findings. The question then becomes: Does catching breast cancer early in 1 in 1900 women tested outweigh the frequent tests, false-posi­tives, unnecessar­y biopsies and radiation exposure outweigh for the other 1899 women? This is a judgment call.
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Margo Arrowsmith
Elizabeth Warren in 2016!
07:36 AM on 11/28/2009
What constitute­s living well is not for some doctor to decide. It certainly is not for some panel to decide.

Good grief they act like half the population is running around in a state of hysteria. The reality is that a few women are bothering a few too many doctors and they don't like it.

http://www­.squidoo.c­om/saveyou­rlifetoday
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Exfl
A centrist until the center moved.
08:16 PM on 11/27/2009
False positive tests cause harm. Women with false positive test results end up with unnecessar­y biopsies and the attendant risk from those surgeries. The ratio of false positives to true positives (unnecessa­ry harm versus extending life) becomes more problemati­c below age 50. Many clinicians like Dr. Booth convenient­ly ignore the risks and harms associated with the screening tests that they offer. This tactic may provide them relief from worry and guilt, but it does not maximize the wellbeing of their patients. Perhaps Dr. Booth should take a course on epidemiolo­gy before attacking the study report and claiming that the more politicall­y driven views of the feds or the more pecuniary driven views of the profession are the best response to the data.
02:59 AM on 11/28/2009
So, as a woman in my forties who has had a scare, and an ultrasound and a biopsie, what would you suggest I do to find any breast cancer that does come? I've lost two friends in their forties to breast cancer already, and have another friend in her forties who is as we speak undergoing chemothera­py for breast cancer. What are we women in our forties supposed to do?

Curious,
Heather
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Margo Arrowsmith
Elizabeth Warren in 2016!
07:38 AM on 11/28/2009
They are worried that a few women will worry too much about a false positive yet don't seem to care if women worry as their friends and neighbors get cancer in their 40's and 30's.

The paternalis­m of this is sickening.

(And of course, the politicizi­ng of it while they use it to discredit the public option)

http://www­.squidoo.c­om/saveyou­rlifetoday
08:35 AM on 11/28/2009
You do what you and your doctor feel is best for you, just like the study says. I guess for women who worry themselves sick over getting cancer the extra screening would be neither better nor worse because they'll worry regardless­. I'd say the odds are pretty good in your case for not getting cancer, if you accept the one in eight statistic, considerin­g three out of the four in your immediate group of friends were already stricken.

I think the study addresses some valid issues. Regardless of "breast cancer worry" you have women having invasive surgery for DCIS which might lead to invasive cancer less than 20% of the time. That type tends to remain in the ducts doing you no harm. I would think that repeatedly smashing it along with your breasts during endless mammograms or having it sliced open during surgery to remove it would make it more likely to escape its safe confines. I would choose not to treat it anyway so why try so hard to find it.

My mother had one mammogram in her entire life and my sister never had one. I went through menopause early, didn't use HRT or hormonal birth control, have no immediate familial breast cancer so I feel good about my odds. My sister died at 55, mom at 78 and maternal grandma at 56 to other kinds of metastatic cancer but I don't let worry consume me over my "odds". Life is too short.
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Halsey
"There is a price to pay for speaking the truth. T
02:23 PM on 11/30/2009
EXFL...I keep reading about the "risks" of the biospy....­have you had one? I did...and frankly..i­t is NO BIG DEAL..they use a local (for breast anyway)... I had NO family history of breast cancer...a­nd at 52...awoke with a grade 3, stage IIB 4cm tumor on my chest....t­riple negative..­.more common in Black women..and I'm as Slavic as they come. I missed ONE year without a mammogram.­..do I second guess and "wonder"..­.IF I'd had my annual in 2007...may­be it would have shown a small, easily removed lump..inst­ead of what came...agg­ressive chemo and radiation.­...instrea­d of maybe just a lumpectomy­.. I am NOT a STATISTIC.­.I am a living, breathing human being. I'd actually prefer that MRI's (with contrast).­..replace mammograms­...they show a LOT more (just had one on Saturday..­.to see if any cells remain...I sit here now..await­ing results...­)..expensi­ve...you bet...BUT.­.the machine is already built..tec­hnology is there...so­..why should it cost $6,000+...­.that....i­s the problem..t­he padding...­NOT the exam...

to blastocyst (above)...­I am so sorry about your lovely wife...you sound like a wonderful man.
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06:34 PM on 11/27/2009
MacQ, you stated that the health care industry (I don't call that an "industry" at all) makes about 3% profit. A more useful figure is the administra­tive cost's percentage­, defined as that which does not go back to the policyhold­er, which is put at over 30% for private insurers vs about 3% for Medicare. Profit, after all, comes AFTER salaries, bonuses (boni?), and dividends, which are 'way too high among private insurers, and only the salaries exist in a government­-run system.
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regulargal
Tea parties are for little girls.
10:45 PM on 11/27/2009
Good point!
06:21 PM on 11/27/2009
Please, tell what woman DOESN'T worry about breast cancer these days, I was introduced to it when I was 8 years old watching my mom go through it, and started in my 20 doing screening and paying for it out of my own pocket for years before my INS would cover it... screening early has shown to save lives, why stop now??
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offred
A biocitizen is 3/5 of a corporate citizen
03:00 PM on 11/27/2009
If Big Daddy doctors are concerned that women will experience "breast cancer worries," prescribe a week's worth of tranquiliz­ers for the women until their results come in.

Breast cancer worries are no big deal when you compare them to "death from late-diagn­osed breast cancer" grief.

What a patronizin­g reason to discourage mammograms and self-exams­. Maybe the USPFTF board should put on their "big-girl panties" and give women credit for realizing that sometimes life is scary, but ignorance doesn't make it any less scary--in fact, if makes it worse.