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Richard Whitmire

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Why Rhee Remains at the Core of the Controversies

Posted: 04/04/2011 12:50 pm

In a time of multiple wars around the globe and a nuclear meltdown in Japan, you wouldn't expect to see so many front page stories about education policy fights -- but you do. In Florida, Idaho, Minnesota, New York... almost everywhere.

What's happening? And why does former Washington D.C. schools chief, Michelle Rhee, keep popping up in so many of these fights -- even when she's not a player in some of those states? The answer is that two decades of debates over improving public schools are coming to a head. It's time to take sides, so the scramble is on.

In one camp are most teachers, traditional liberals, the teachers unions and the politicians who win their support. To them, school accountability reforms have swerved in a dangerous and unfair direction -- singling out teachers. The real culprits, they say, are not ineffective teachers but the unsolved problems of race and poverty.

In the other camp are liberal reformers, conservatives, charter school operators, some young public school teachers and the politicians who win their support. This camp believes that schools can put a dent in the problems of race and poverty, but only with stiff accountability focused primarily on one target -- singling out teachers.

No wonder Rhee pops up in all these debates. Rhee's rapid-fire school reforms during her three-and-a-half years here focused mostly on teacher quality, the core issue in this current national clash, and the key reform she now pushes nationally through her new advocacy group, Students First.

In D.C., Rhee fired teachers she thought were bad. A few (very few) school chiefs have tried to do that, but not successfully. Rhee, by contrast, pushed 400 teachers out the door. When forced to lay off teachers she refused to dismiss them by last-hired, insisting, rather, that principals choose their lower performing teachers. Most school superintendents stick to last-hired, first-fired. Why ruffle feathers?

Rhee built a rigorous teacher evaluation system that brings master educators into the class to observe teachers at work. Most teacher evaluation systems are flabby and useless -- a perfect match for a traditional teacher compensation system that ignores effectiveness and instead rewards longevity and degrees earned.

Finally, Rhee pushed hard against paying teachers on that lockstep formula. Rather, teachers received bonuses based in part on improvements in student scores.

Add it all up, and you find that Rhee did all the things that governors in Florida, Idaho, New York, etc., are now pushing through legislatures. Obviously, the best way for opponents to blunt those reforms is to prove that Rhee is a fraud, failure or cheat. Preferably, all three.
Let's visit each category:

Cheat: This is the newest allegation, arising from a USA Today investigative piece in late March that revisited an older controversy about the high number of test score erasures at some D.C. schools.

Was that cheating? Education counter-reformer Diane Ravitch immediately concluded that was the case, warning the world to back away from test-heavy reforms. If Ravitch is right, and the erasures an inevitable consequence of Rhee applying too much pressure on principals and teachers to perform, then educators everywhere should be wary of relying on test-proven results demanded by Rhee and other reformers.

Frankly, I can't tell if the erasures were the result of cheating or aggressive test-taking strategies passed along by the teaching staff. But I can observe something far more important: Rhee's track record in D.C. is not based on the D.C. tests. Rather, she is measured by a far higher standard, the so-called "gold standard" of testing known as NAEP, the National Assessment of Educational Progress.

That test, administered by federal experts, has never been comprised. Never even a whiff of controversy. And the NAEP shows that between 2007 and 2009 (when Rhee was chancellor) D.C. students made significant progress not seen in comparable urban districts.

Fraud: Here, the Rhee doubters cite test score data supposedly showing that her Teach for America "success story" in Baltimore was not a success after all. Problem is, their dated data can't isolate her students. And interviews with her fellow teachers and classroom aides, one of whom went on to become a school principal in Maryland, reveal that everyone at the school regarded her as a teaching star.

Failure: The NAEP scores cited above are hard to refute. Based on my book research, the situation in D.C. schools was truly terrible when Rhee arrived in 2007. On the federal comparisons of urban school districts, D.C. was tied for last place with Los Angeles. Plus, only about a third of the teachers had the right stuff to stage a recovery.
The best argument to be made for painting Rhee as a failure is that her reforms were so traumatic and unpopular they got former D.C. Mayor Adrian Fenty unelected and Rhee herself forced out as chancellor. True, but on actual school improvement measures, D.C. no longer scrapes the bottom of the barrel.

The prediction for the coming year: Until Rhee's opponents can effectively paint her as a cheat/fraud/failure, it is likely we will see more governors and Republican-controlled legislatures unleash Rhee-style reforms. Which means the education fights will become even more polarized, more bitter -- all because they focus on Rhee's issue, singling out teachers.

Richard Whitmire, former president of the National Education Writers Association, is author of The Bee Eater: Michelle Rhee Takes On the Nation's Worst School District.

 
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04:04 PM on 04/08/2011
We will never have an honest debate on eduation reform if the knee jerk reaction of educators is to insist that "all is well" on their end. It seems most comments on this post blame students for their lack of education. While many factors play a role in a child's education teachers are play a key success factor. If we are not using test scores to measure teacher success how do we do this? How do we ensure that effective teachers continue teaching and those that are ineffective are trained appropriately or removed from teaching students?
12:11 AM on 04/09/2011
These are solid questions you ask, and they point out the great complexity and challenge of finding a way to measure teacher success. In fact, your questions are so good that they reveal the fatal flaw in your answer: testing. We can't just settle for testing because we have not thought of any other solution. I don't have the answer, but if you have ever taught kids you see the depth of the problem staring you in the face every day. Abject poverty, divorce, race, learning disabilities, nutrition, parental involvement ..

I'm not using these as excuses to defend bad teachers. They are out there, as in any profession. But a child is such a complex amalgam of biological, cognitive, emotional and socioeconomic factors that a standardized test cannot possibly show us how well they are achieving, let alone be used as a tool to gauge teaching quality. And here I am just talking about individual students. Consider that a high school teacher instructs 150 of these complicated humans every day, largely assigned to him at random. How to even begin to fairly weigh how good he is at his job based solely on 150 test scores would be a nightmare not only of logistics, but of sociology, psychology, etc etc etc. If we turn to this method, we need a system where every kid gets 30 asterisks so we can chart EVERY factor that might have affected that score. Test scores sheets will look like the DSM-IV.
05:28 PM on 04/09/2011
There is no greater social mobility factor in the US than getting into college. If colleges use tests as their primary means of admission then improving their ability to take tests and get into college is LIKELY the best way to get them out of abject poverty. Don't like it? Change the college admission process and train students on that change.

Until then i will strive to make sure every child i meet on the streets of Brownsville, Brooklyn or Newark New Jersey:
1) Makes it into college
2) Becomes a critical thinker

In that order.
05:57 PM on 04/10/2011
I understand this. However, each of us can point to good and bad teachers in our lives. The good ones stick out because they make a huge impact (sometimes without the kid even realizing it at the time) and the bad ones make a huge impact (typically with the kid realizing this all too well). However, all educational institutions test children. This is the case around the world. We may not all have the same tests but testing occurs because it is the only measure of student learning. However, in the USA our children are more and more consistently behind other countries less wealthy, less developed and with fewer resources. You talk about how social and economic conditions impact children's education -- aren't these conditions global? Don't more impoverished, less educated and uninvolved parents exist in other countries? So why then are Americans falling further and further behind in ability and knowledge? Please don't get me wrong. I support educators and believe that teaching is a laudable and tough job. But I don't understand why (some) educators are so readily against measures that could recognize them for a job well done and also focus attention on their colleagues that have less success.
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Ortho Stice
This is water
11:06 PM on 04/05/2011
The article fails to mention the following:

1. Rhee has degrees in government and public policy.
2. She enrolled in Teach for America because she could not find a job with a government degree and did not have a teaching certificate.
3. She washed out of teaching after three years.
4. Before becoming "chancellor"—a very Reichstag ring to it, no?—of D.C. schools, she never had served in any administrative position in education.

In short, Rhee has no credentials to be in any position impacting American education. Like many of the recently elected, Tea Party-affiliated legislators—most of whom suffer from a similar lack of credentials for their jobs—Rhee has made a name for herself by being a contrarian.

"School reform" has become the euphemism for the privatization of American education. Rhee, Scott Walker, Michele Bachmann, Rand Paul, et al., want nothing more than to dismantle the American public school system.
07:23 PM on 04/06/2011
You misspelled "School Rheeform". ;)
03:56 PM on 04/08/2011
But, do you refute anything the author states? Everyone wants to hop on Rhee as "mad, bad and dangerous to know" but she got the job done against angry opposition and several communities that focused more on her style than the acknowledgements of her substance.
12:20 AM on 04/09/2011
But she did not get the job done. Her predecessor in DC, Clifford Janey, improved test scores more than Rhee did in nearly every area except 4th-grade math. And she did not improve reading scores one point. Now DC is investigating cheating during Rhee's tenure.

What Rhee did accomplish is making herself wealthy and famous, exploiting unease about education for her own personal gain. Her hypocrisy is dangerous because we need to have a real discussion about education in this country, and she muddies the waters because of this mythology she has created about herself (with an assist from Mr. Whitmire). Now politicians who control policy are buying the myth: "The answer is easy: Test kids and fire teachers. Michelle Rhee did it, and look how famous (oops, I mean successful) she is." This is not helpful.
05:10 PM on 04/05/2011
Mr. Whitmire is yet another "education expert" with absolutely no education in the field, no experience in the classroom, no formal study of actual peer reviewed research in education policy, etc. So he tells us his opinion: Rhee is great! Yupiee! And we should care because... his uneducated opinion is correct?

Mr. Whitmire, when over 50 PERCENT--FIFTY percent--of schools in your district have wrong-to-right erasure rates at over 3 STANDARD DEVIATIONS above the norm, then, yes, I think it's fair to say, the case for major fraud are pretty good. Maybe you don't understand statistics, Mr. Whitmire (would not be surprised, you seem not to understand education policy yet you write about it)--but these statistical wrong-to-right erasure rates were in no way caused by extra vigilant student work or other BS excuses offered by the Rher-hired investigator.

The REAL reason Rhee is at the center of controversy is that her reforms are disproved by actual peer reviewed research (many studies have been done that show merit pay doesn't work for example, or that standardization of curriculum doesn't serve students). It's not because the rest is against reform or for the status quo, it's because those in the education field who have actually done research or studied education know her efforts at privatization are not actually going to improve education for children (they will, however, generate power and profit for the adults involved like Rhee, the highest paid official in DC government).
02:13 PM on 04/05/2011
Michelle Rhee is my inspiration. I'm so happy that the author of this article took the time to refute the obviously false criticisms that people have manufactured in order to hurt the reputation of such a dedicated reformer.

It's obvious to me that a lot of the people who comment on articles at the HuffPost are simply ineffective teachers, afraid that, under a system like Rhee's, they would be summarily fired.
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Evan Allison
07:43 AM on 04/06/2011
I used to be on the fence about Rhee until I read one single quote. She said that teachers lose half of their effectiveness once they have been working for five years. Seriously? This proves that what she wants is not good teachers but cheap teachers. She wants to turn public education into what the retail industry has become. Think about what happened at circuit city before it tanked. Mass numbers of experienced, knowledgable sales people were fired because their salaries were considered too high. These sales people were replaced with young, cheap, inexperienced salespeople who often could not offer any advice to shoppers. It was not that these new workers were inherently incompetent. It is just that they too were let go about the same time they got to be experienced. Is this what we want for our students?
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Andy Clark
unappreciated servant to society (teacher)
06:04 PM on 04/06/2011
F&F about the cheap teachers.
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Evan Allison
08:01 AM on 04/06/2011
In response to your claim that huff post bloggers are poor teachers who are afraid that they would be fired under rhee's strict assessments, I can only describe my own situation.

In my own case, I passed all required praxis test with near perfect scores and never received less than a 3.5 grade point average in either undergraduate or graduate school. So, on paper, I am not an incompetent teacher.

In terms of motivation, i go out of my way to be as knowledgeable as possible in terms of my own field as well as other fields. I use this knowledge to help broaden student understanding of complex topics. For example, when covering flower for algernon, a story about a man whose intelligence has been enhanced, I front load the reading with a discussion on the meaning of intelligence backed up with ideas as disparate as the educational theories of Howard Gardner to studies of animal intelligence to case studies involving victims of isolated brain damage. Clearly, my motivation is not the problem.

My problem is classroom management. I am improving, but I fear the first instinct of people like Rhee is to hire and discard teacher after teacher looking for a perfect one rather than taking gifted yet flawed teachers and helping them become great teachers.
12:32 AM on 04/09/2011
Good luck on your management, Evan. The fact that you can admit this is everything. It's the hardest part of teaching, and one of the things people who do not teach always overlook in their smug assessments of the profession as easy, overpaid, name the criticism. I always tell those people I would LOVE to see them try to herd 150 cats for 8 hours a day -- not for one day or one week, but for 9 months. They could never do it. They'd be running with their tail between their legs.

I can tell your content knowledge is impeccable. The management will come, and quickly become second nature as you gain confidence. Managing an English class is different anyway, more difficult IMO, because it relies on much more open discussion, group work and creativity. Sometimes handing the floor over to kids is treacherous terrain.

Hang in there.
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LisaCACO
someone ate my micro-bio!
11:57 PM on 04/04/2011
she's in the news because she likes being in the news. she never met a camera/pr she didn't like.
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traceydouglas
outside the box
10:05 PM on 04/04/2011
Michelle Rhee - a glossary http://traceydouglas.blogspot.com/2011/04/michelle-rhee-glossary.html
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Venicelady
Ignorance is NOT bliss.
10:44 PM on 04/04/2011
HOWLED with laughter!
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traceydouglas
outside the box
11:03 PM on 04/04/2011
hehehehe! i knew you would, venice!! :) sometimes ya just gotta laugh!!
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traceydouglas
outside the box
11:06 PM on 04/04/2011
OMG!!! Rheefudiate!!!! That is the BEST one ever!!!!!!!!!!!!
09:48 PM on 04/04/2011
Teaching fired arbitrarily and capraciously, community schools closed and given over to charter hacks to profit off of, an unfair and inadequate evaluation system, cheating scandals. Oh yeah, I know excellent teachers with over 30 years experience fired but the $1000000 teachers haven't materialized much yet. Let's just hope that Rhee takes a whole bunch of these deformers over the cliff with her so our children will not have to suffer the same fate. Rhee is a dead horse but the MSM keeps trying to breathe life back into her Tea Partying self. So I guess we are lucky to have such a toxic creature fronting for the deform movement as it really says that deform and the Tea Party are one and the same-anti-democratic, anti-worker,anti-community, and on and on.

Third time trying to post-no reason this is not being posted unless it is Rhee site.
09:29 PM on 04/04/2011
lets hope for all our sakes that the reforms started in Washington DC by Michele Rhea take hold everywhere. Teachers paid 100, 000 and asked to teach well, evaluated regularly and honestly, trained well. Why is that anything for any good teacher to be afraid of?
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TeacherSabrina
Teacher, writer, activist
06:19 AM on 04/05/2011
What do good teachers fear? Here are a few things to get you started.

There's the bait-and-switch-- the $100,000 promise never materialized.

There's evaluation using flimsy measures: http://epi.3cdn.net/b9667271ee6c154195_t9m6iij8k.pdf

And there are arbitrary dismissals, like the ones these teachers suffered under Rhee:
http://www.myfoxdc.com/dpp/news/dc/reinstated-dc-public-schools-teachers-speak-out-about-their-2008-firings-031011

Need more, or is that enough?
10:06 AM on 04/05/2011
Go teach in a district like DC and you'll discover why teachers so vehemently oppose her style of "reforms".

Tying your livelihood to test scores affected by literally hundreds of variables other than how well you do your job, giving you a poor evaluation if you don't teach according to one particular philosophy and way of doing things, and creating an environment that eschews real, genuine learning for intellectually-dull test preparation is not something that most teachers (or any thinking people for that matter) agree with. It's a recipe for disaster.
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Fran Jaime
Yo Soy 132!
11:00 PM on 04/07/2011
Test scores contribute almost nothing to evaluating a teacher. It does not consider the classroom dynamics or the individual students background. Education cannot be measured by a system similar to factory production, Teachers work with human beings not products.
08:54 PM on 04/04/2011
She is only still in the news because the MSM puts her there.
anothervoice2
332 electoral votes is a mandate
04:01 PM on 04/04/2011
In singling out teachers, we have so-called "experts" comparing apples and oranges - the sorry premise for what passes for expert nowadays. Rhee proposes a one size fits all - it is illogical to believe that selecting teachers based on test scores alleviates problems of poverty or race. The fact that someone can even draw that specious argument and claim credit for it is stunning.
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TFT
It's the poverty, stupid.
03:22 PM on 04/04/2011
"The prediction for the coming year: Until Rhee's opponents can effectively paint her as a cheat/fraud/failure, it is likely we will see more governors and Republican-controlled legislatures unleash Rhee-style reforms."

And that's just so sad. We have to use paint, not truth.
02:23 PM on 04/04/2011
Teachers union does not want ANY change to their comfortable stand and collecting dues. unions have a cozy relationship with incompetent teachers: unions will protect and keep them in the job, they will in turn give the unions dues which can be funnels to elect Dems and Dems can pay teachers more....
Vicious cycle of fleecing the public and giving a damn to student's education.
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TFT
It's the poverty, stupid.
03:24 PM on 04/04/2011
Really? Have you talked to any union members? We would love some change, but we are powerless. We are working on it, though. Soon we will have schools where kids learn stuff instead of get trained to take tests. We teachers are working on it, despite people like you.
anothervoice2
332 electoral votes is a mandate
04:02 PM on 04/04/2011
Repeating talking points doesn't make it true.
 
02:14 PM on 04/04/2011
The simplest answer to why Michelle Rhee is so good at the Sarah-Palin "pop-in" whenever there is an education debate is that, like Palin, Rhee has nurtured a cult of personality around herself, exploiting for personal profit real societal debates that have consequences on real lives. It's in her financial interests to stoke the fight, because then she can land more speaking engagements and raise money for her new lobbying firm, "Michelle First." Wait, that's "Students First."

Another page from the Palin playbook, "How To Score Wealth and Fame Through Political Celebrity Without Really Trying," is to get your name on a book. In this case, the author of this Huff Post article happens to be the author of that book. It's close to the ghost-writing that Palin embraces, but not quite. Look for Rhee's own book soon. I suspect the title will include the word "children," although we know it's not really about them, is it?
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teacher39years
Educational Reformers need to be "Reformed."
03:23 PM on 04/04/2011
Great post and so true.
anothervoice2
332 electoral votes is a mandate
03:58 PM on 04/04/2011
Well said
The article was a fluff piece for Rhee.
There is no evidence that singling out teachers alone can solve the problem. But according to Rhee one can't walk and chew gum at the same time.
02:02 PM on 04/04/2011
Correction: she already has been shown to be a fraud and failure.

In hindsight, I'm not entirely sure why I read this appallingly brief attempt to dismiss Rhee's problems. Besides your obvious hero-worship/crush/whatever of Rhee (which is kind of creepy), it's clear that you're just trying to garner more attention to your new book.
11:26 PM on 04/04/2011
+1 for your comment so true about the hero-worshipping and selling of books by the author. This is now the 2nd article I've read from this author on Rhee and will be the last since he obviously is so blind to what we all see with Rhee and her ideas towards public education.