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Rick Lowery, Ph.D.

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The Bible and Marriage Equality

Posted: 05/15/2012 10:38 am

As a minister and Bible scholar, I'm proud that the president has publicly endorsed marriage equality.

Some sincere and thoughtful people of faith are not convinced by clinical research suggesting that "sexual orientation" is deeply imbedded in the human psyche and largely beyond conscious control.

Others accept the research and believe that "sexual orientation" is a gift from God. They argue, however, that same-sex sex is prohibited by Scripture and tradition. This is the current position of the Roman Catholic Church, for example. It's not a sin to be gay, but it's a sin to have gay sex.

There are a handful of Scriptures that appear to say that same-sex sex is wrong, though on close examination, they turn out to be much less clear-cut than is often assumed, and none of them addresses the kind of mutually loving relationships at issue in the marriage equality debate. But even if these Scriptures were relevant to that kind of relationship, we'd still face a problem: How do you decide which Scriptures to use and which to ignore when you're making moral judgments?

Consider the oddly worded passages in Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13

"You (masculine, singular) must not lie with a male, beds of a woman. It's an abomination," and "a man who lies with a male, beds of a woman, the two of them have committed an abomination. They certainly must be put to death. Their blood is on them."

I assume that most of us -- whatever we think about same-sex sex -- wouldn't favor executing sexually active gay men. But on what basis would we make the decision that Leviticus is right about sex but wrong about execution?

How do we decide what to keep and what to ignore when we use Scripture to make moral judgments? Why would we say that it's an "abomination" for a man to lie with a man, but it's OK to wear a wool-blend suit, have a tattoo, eat hybrid fruit or have marital relations when the wife is in the "unwell" part of her monthly cycle -- that is, the days of her menstrual flow plus seven days of purification after that? Leviticus says that any married couple who has sex then should be "cut off from their people" -- a euphemism for execution. Why doesn't that apply to us, if the ban on gay sex does? How do we decide which Scriptures are relevant?

The 19th century slavery debate addressed this question. Both sides quoted Scripture. Measured by sheer volume, the pro-slavery side had a slam-dunk case. From start to finish, the Bible assumes and often supports slavery. Exodus says the Israelites were slaves in Egypt and God freed them. But in the very next breath, it legalizes the inhuman treatment of slaves: "if a man beats a male or female slave with the rod and he (or she) dies under his power, he'll certainly suffer punishment. If, however, the slave survives for a day or two, the owner won't suffer punishment because he (or she) is his property" (Exodus 21:20-21).

Abolitionists won the moral debate, not because they had more chapters and verses on their side, but because they finally convinced people that, whatever particular Scriptures say, freedom is the heart of the biblical story. It's the criterion by which all Scriptures are properly judged.

Exodus 21 pales before the spectacular revelation of Israel's God as the God who frees slaves (Exodus 1-15). Ephesians 6:5 and Colossians 3:22 -- "slaves, obey your masters!" -- fade in the light of Christ Jesus "who being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God a thing to be seized by force, but emptied himself ... and took the form of a slave..." (Philippians 2). Slavery, though explicitly supported by many Scriptures, is incompatible with the witness of the Scriptures as a whole: God identifies with slaves, the oppressed, the marginalized. God values mercy and love and desires that all people live in freedom.

It may be the case that a few passages condemn same-sex sex. Leviticus apparently does so for the same reason it permits polygamy and limits marital sex to the two weeks the wife is ovulating: sex and marriage in this worldview are fundamentally about procreation, producing able-bodied children for household labor.

We, by contrast, marry primarily for companionship and love. Children are an expression of the couple's love for one another, but procreation is not typically the primary reason we marry. It makes perfect sense to us that people who can't or don't want to have children nevertheless marry. We marry for love.

As we make moral judgments on this, we should consider the primary purpose of marriage for us today, accept the insights of research, and factor in our experiences of decent, loving same-sex couples who responsibly raise children, go to church, tithe their money and contribute to the well-being of our communities.

And we should read every Scripture through the lens of a biblical story that reveals a God who creates human beings in the very image of God so they can share power in the world (Genesis 1:26-27), who says "it's not good that the human be alone" (Genesis 2:18), who liberates slaves (Exodus 2-15), who rescues the oppressed, who sets captives free, who proclaims the year of God's favor for all who are excluded (Isaiah 61) -- the story Jesus chose to preach for his inaugural sermon (Luke 4). It's the story of a God who says, "let the foreigner not say 'surely I'm separated from God's people' (though other Scriptures require such separation), let the eunuch not say 'surely I'm just a dry tree' (though this sexual minority is explicitly excluded from the community by Deuteronomy 23). I will give within my house, within my walls, a power and a name that is better than sons and daughters! I will give an everlasting name that will not be cut off! My house will be called a house of prayer for all the peoples. I will gather outcasts besides those I have already gathered!" (Isaiah 56:3-8).

Extending legal recognition to the sacred commitments of loving same-sex couples is a natural progression, expanding the blessings of freedom enshrined in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. And it is, in my judgment, the Christian and the biblical thing to do.

 
 
 
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05:11 PM on 05/18/2012
Dr. Lowry's use of the slavery issue is a brilliant explanation of how one can approach the issue of same sex relationships. He is to be commended for this excellent bit of scholarship.
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01:08 PM on 05/18/2012
Educated beyond their own intelligence. All you need nowadays to teach the bible is a PHD, you don't actually have to read it.
05:54 PM on 05/19/2012
Dr. Lowery demonstrates above that he has indeed read the Bible.

Perhaps you could explain your disagreement with him more directly. Ad hominem attacks are really, in the long run, quite dull.
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08:49 AM on 05/21/2012
There are a handful of Scriptures that appear to say that same-sex sex is wrong, though on close examination, they turn out to be much less clear-cut than is often assumed, and none of them addresses the kind of mutually loving relationships at issue in the marriage equality debate. But even if these Scriptures were relevant to that kind of relationship, we'd still face a problem: How do you decide which Scriptures to use and which to ignore when you're making moral judgments?

Here, he is saying that we should pick and choose which scriptures to not use. We could fall into the logic that if we do not like what it says about out moral behavior, we discard it. This is troubling when a bible scholar and teacher is stating this.
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01:59 PM on 07/10/2012
Where is my attack on his personal character?  You obviously have no idea what an Ad hominem fallacy is.
09:05 AM on 05/18/2012
All this article proves is whoever wrote it obviously has never spent any real time studying the scriptures .
05:02 PM on 05/18/2012
Dr. Lowry is a widely read and well respected biblical scholar. He has spent real time studying the scriptures.

Perhaps your point would be clearer if you offered comments on how you reached this conclusion.
06:46 PM on 05/18/2012
fair question. I have spent time studying the scriptures for years. Now , I do not claim to be a scholar however I have studied with people who have degrees in this. For example he talked about it seemed the bible had 2 different views on slavery. In one way it condoned it but in another it condemed people for it. . It just seems that Dr. Lowry is twisting the understanding of these scriptures to give the impression that the verses that teach against same sex relationships ( in a sexual manner) are not meaning what it appears to be. At least that was my interpretation of the article. He missed a few other things that bothered me too. Such as , the new test speaks about God's intended intimate relations being between man and woman.
I personally don't care who anyone chooses to be with but I made a decision to follow Christ and his commandents to the best of my abilities. If it were up to me I would say anyone should be able to marry whom ever. But , I feel God's word is clear about His feelings and whether I like it or not I will do what he wants of me even oppose same sex marriage. May not like it but I'll do it - for Him. And also I want to say thank you that you can enter a discussion in a mature and respectable manner on here unlike other posters I have
GHarry
Kitty wrangler
10:43 PM on 05/17/2012
Being a "Bible scholar" is like being an expert in reading pigeon entrails to determine the future. There is no difference. But at least Lowery is a fairly progressive entrail-reader in that he doesn't want to deny basic rights to gay folks. Notice, though, how he is viciously attacked by commenters for daring to suggest that today's hated group (there is always a hated group, in every era) should be treated fairly. The tribalistic message among most religious people in America is that the gays are the Evil Ones and must be destroyed -- or at least marginilized. And this is typical religious behavior -- which is nothing but tribal behavior -- and it shows why religion is the natural enemy of democracy. Let's learn from it.
02:39 AM on 06/04/2012
talk about viciously attacking people...
06:05 PM on 05/17/2012
Unfortunately, most Bibles currently published and read in the United States are deliberate mistranslations that make unequivocal statements, where the original language was vague, ambiguous, and, above all, poetic. Hence, the wholesale ignorance of so many so-called Christians. The only English-language version worth reading is the King James Bible, which tracks the original languages most closely.
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01:04 PM on 05/18/2012
Fortunately, we have the bible in the original text. Study it in the original text.
05:56 PM on 05/19/2012
This is only possible if one is fluent in ancient Hebrew, Koine Greek and Aramaic ca 30CE.
05:55 PM on 05/19/2012
The King James Bible is a beautiful translation but it is filled with many errors and misunderstandings. For its time, it was a brilliant piece of scholarship.
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LARRY LOU CHRISTIAN
05:20 PM on 05/17/2012
Rick Lowery, making his insolent statement: “ How do we decide what to keep and what to ignore when we use Scripture to make moral judgments?” is a perfect example of what the Scriptures tell us about human wisdom and spiritual wisdom:

1 Corinthians 2:14: “The man without the Spirit does not accept the things that come from the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him, and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually discerned.

One can hold every degree and award that mankind ever devised and not understand the purpose of Scripture or have a spiritual understanding and connection with the words of Scripture. That is only possible through God the Holy Spirit with faith in Christ Jesus.

MATTHEW 7:15 JESUS: “Watch out for false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ferocious wolves. By their fruit you will recognize them. Do people pick grapes from thornbushes, or figs from thistles? Likewise, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit.”


"Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the spirit which is of God; that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God." 1 Corinthians 2:12

"A fool has no delight in understanding, but in expressing his own heart." Proverbs 18:2

Playing the game of “deciding what to keep and what to ignore when we use Scripture” is tantamount to spiritual suicide.
GHarry
Kitty wrangler
10:52 PM on 05/17/2012
And I suppose your interpretation is the "correct" one and his is the incorrect one. (Sigh) This is exactly what makes religion so dangerous -- it gives everyone a blank check to decide who is right and who is wrong about everything, regardless of facts and reality.
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01:06 PM on 05/18/2012
Fact and reality is that we have the bible which is very clear. Doesn't really take a ton of what you call interpretation. Only people who don't like what it says, "interpret" it however they like. This person has merely quoted scripture that is very clear. Like many, you, are dangerous in that your eyes are not open.
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LARRY LOU CHRISTIAN
11:12 PM on 05/21/2012
TO:  GHarry
 
Right and wrong is only judged by God.  He knows who His children are.
 
1 Samuel 16: 7    But the Lord said to Samuel, “Do not look on his appearance or on the height of his stature, because I have rejected him. For the Lord sees not as man sees: man looks on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks on the heart.”
05:07 PM on 05/18/2012
Are you blind in one eye? Have you lost at least one or perhaps both of your hands? Or, are you without sin? If you have sinned I must assume that your "spiritual understanding" of scripture would lead you to gouge out your eye and cut off your hand.

"And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee..."
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LARRY LOU CHRISTIAN
02:16 AM on 05/19/2012
TO: krev

I am not sure if this is an intentional misconstruing of Scripture or not. This time the error is selecting words that were taken out of an incompleted sentence and then taking it out of context.

You did not finish the entire passage of MATTHEW 5:29 when you wrote.… "And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee..." In its entirety and in context, it conveys the intent of Jesus’ message. Here is the entire passage: “If your right eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.”

It is quite obvious Jesus is stressing the ultimate damning consequences of a pet sin that could easily lead to the whole body & soul being thrown into hell. Jesus is not advocating “eye plucking” as a remedy for this particular sin. He knows removing an eye would not remove the temptation He is speaking of. Any sin can only be battled by applying the Word of God with Christ’s’ strength through faith and prayer.


1 JOHN 4:4 “You, dear children, are from God and have overcome them, because the One [Jesus] who is in you is greater than the one [Satan] who is in the world.”
12:27 PM on 05/17/2012
This man is supposed to be a bible scholar and doesn't even have a basic understanding of the scriptures. Fail.
05:12 PM on 05/18/2012
As I asked another poster, perhaps you could express why you believe this is true by engaging and critiquing his comments.
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Compassionnotreligion
Be awed & humbled by nature & empathy -not Juju.
03:54 AM on 05/17/2012
No wonder they call it the buybull. (Same applies for any other 'holy' book).

Honestly religious people, I know you're victims of indoctrination so it's not your fault that your rationality has been suppressed by fear and superstition, but really - surely in some moments of honesty you must wonder why it is that the vast majority of you HAPPEN to believe in the religion you HAPPEN to have been 'born into'.

Doesn't that strike you as just the tinest bit ...um...CONVENIENT?
Why are you an atheist for every other religion that you happen NOT to have been 'born into'?
06:07 PM on 05/17/2012
Nope, That is only true in some cases. When it comes to religions that aren't necessarily dedicated to going to Church or devoting time like most Catholics for instance than yes usually. I picked that particular religion because I know a lot of them and most of my family is also Catholic. Many Catholics can't even tell you what color tile is on the floor of their church because they haven't been there for years but they still claim it as their church. I was raised Catholic and find it to be completely contradictory to the Bibles teachings, which brings me to my real point.

There is a difference between the Bible and religion, I am not religious but I live the best that I can according to what the Bible teaches. If my Pastor taught something that was outside the realm of what the Bible teaches then I would find a different pastor that was still teaching true bible. For instance the sinners prayer is not in the Bible, and out of all the examples of people getting saved in the Bible there is not one that happened by accepting Jesus Christ as there Lord and savior. There also is not a place that condones same sex marriage. Every place that the Bible talks about Homosexuality it is opposed to it.

It is what the Bible says, that makes it right or wrong and no matter how many PHD's a person has the Bible is still the final say.
09:15 AM on 05/18/2012
I know many people who never stepped foot in a church nor cracked a bible well into their adult years and made the decision to follow God all on their own. My husband is one. He was in his 30's when he decided to explore the possibilites out there. And is still the only one in his family today who is a christian.
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12:53 AM on 05/17/2012
Some people are physically both part male and part female--so the Bible fails in any "leadership" on gender.

What far too many people fail to realize is that "RELIGION" is NOT about any god. Religion is a power tool fueled by fear and need and greed--the power of the few to tell the many how to live. And then there are the con artists -- the snake-oil salesmen/faith healers and the "give your money to god; send your check to me" clergy.
10:20 PM on 05/16/2012
FATIMA !! REALLY HAPPEED.. AND SO HAVE SO MANY OTHER MIRACLES...GOD INSPIRED MAGNA CARTA...SAD PEOPLE NEED TO RECOGNIZE GOD..AND HIS LAWS...HIS COMMANDMENTS.. NOT FABRICATED .. VERY REAL and another thing about the Centurion...of course JESUS would heal - the centurion praised JESUS... JESUS heals
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12:54 AM on 05/17/2012
So, have you ever gone to a doctor or does your faith have its limits?
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Sister Lauren
Running for congress on the Green ticket.
08:50 AM on 05/17/2012
Jesus is another code word for marijuana, and yes, it is a good medicine. Some people even claim it can cure cancer; I think more research is needed.
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Catriona
Wha daur meddle wi me?
04:08 AM on 05/17/2012
Then you must never ever wear glasses, That would be a sin against Jesus' healing miracles... for as Jesus healed in the Bible... so Jesus will heal YOU, if only you have FAITH.
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Sister Lauren
Running for congress on the Green ticket.
08:51 AM on 05/17/2012
Bong hits for Jesus.
05:55 PM on 05/21/2012
Wow..
09:22 PM on 05/16/2012
What you have to do is look at the New Testament for what WE are obligated to follow, as far as rules are concerned. And the fact that someone is a "bible scholar" means nothing....as the "bible scholars" and teachers in Jesus' day were the very ones Jesus condemned for NOT teaching the truth. As you stated, the bible DOES speak to homosexuality in both the old an new testaments. Anyone can rationalize and make scripture sound the way they want it to. Here's the VERY cool thing: God is just and we will each be judged only by him in the end.
10:21 PM on 05/16/2012
BRAVO
12:50 AM on 05/17/2012
The Bible speaks to homosexuality in the context of idolatry and/or male on male rape which is also sinful for heterosexuals.

Many scholars believe that Jesus approved of homoseuxality in Matthew 19:12. Eunuchs at the time would have included male homosexuals. Jesus also spoke very highly of the (gay) Roman Centurion (found in Matthew and Luke).
08:34 AM on 05/17/2012
The Roman Centurion wasn't gay and the young boy wasn't his lover. Ridiculous, really.

This whole debate over greek idioms is inappropriate in this context. The Centurion, a godly man represents gentile believers. His young bondservant was paralyzed and needed healing. This is a story of faith, not a hidden encounter with a homosexual.

Pais is used rightly to mean young boy or boy under strict oversight and then Doulos was used to illustrate the bondservant nature of the relationship. This is not a sexual relationship but a mentoring / fatherly relationship.
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LARRY LOU CHRISTIAN
05:24 PM on 05/17/2012
Aquarious,

How do you come up with such garbage??? Do you just write what you would like to believe??

Can you substaniate any of this tripe? NOT !

I am leaving now to wash my eyes with bleach !!!
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Annie Snyder
Not Going to Sit Down and Shut Up
07:49 PM on 05/16/2012
Let's be honest and put it all out here on the table, just for fun. How people really, actually use the Bible is to reinforce their own prejudices. They're going to pick out the parts they like, and ignore those they don't. How many anti-equality Christians have you seen out there lobbying for outlawing divorce, or at least remarriage, despite the fact their Bible is crystal clear on the subject? Are they passing up that abominable shrimp tray? Avoiding the accumulation of worldly goods? Stoning their disobedient children?
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Claude Hosch
A single bracelet does not jingle
07:24 PM on 05/16/2012
I noticed when discussing Lev.18:22 & 20:13, the moral context is skipped over, and goes to execution for sin in our time. Lev.18:22 & 20:13 strongly imply same sex is wrong. I say this not as being against gays, but honestly discussing scripture. I checked six translations and could not find the wording qouted regarding Lev.18:22 7 20:13 in this article, and assume it is a mischaracterization. Much of the article is more a play on words than a discussion of facts. The Bible is not forced on anyone, and freedom of expression does not make one in a comment a homophobe. I just think a Bible Scholar should be called out for his blunders. I don't have a problem with his argument, just some of his facts.

And, no I wouldn't kill anyone for their sin. No, I'm not perfect. No, I don't make the rules. No, I don't change the rules. Yes, I have the freedom of choice too.

I can pass on the heterophobe comments.
07:43 PM on 05/16/2012
I believe the quotes to which you refer are (almost) literal translations from the original Hebrew. Of course such wording does not exist in any English translation. It would have helped if Dr. Lowery had better explained that by "oddly worded", he meant in their original language.
03:21 PM on 05/16/2012
Dr. Lowery reads the Bible, but unfortunately does not read it carefully enough, and ignores the best traditional understandings of the Pentateuch. One must understand that the Bible is not a populist document, and is actually a teaching of behavior to a diversity of people in various situations. In Exodus, the major teaching is to the Children of Israel. A great many of the commandments apply only to the Children of Israel. Some apply only to the High Priest. And some apply to humanity as a whole. Although not versed in the Christian writings, I understand that in Matthew, Jesus says that Jews are required to observe all the Law. In many places he says that non-Jews are not.

The prohibition of homosexual relations, like the prohibition of idolatry and blasphemy, apply to all humanity. So do the prohibitions of theft and murder. Rabbi Lichtenstein compiled 66 universal commandments. The rest are for the Children of Israel, although open for adoption by others.
Dr. Lowery wrote: "As a minister and Bible scholar, I'm proud that the president has publicly endorsed marriage equality". I am quite sure that, were he alive, Jesus would invite Dr. Lowery for at least one more lesson! :-)
11:04 PM on 05/16/2012
It has become important for liberal minded Bible scholars to be able to explain away what on their face are hard and fast prohibitions. Our modern mental furniture is not conducive to submission in areas where we feel we know better. If the Bible seems to say things we no longer think are good and right, we interpret it away.
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jf12
When I saw her I marveled greatly.
12:50 PM on 05/16/2012
Uh, dude, things changed with the New Testament. Wherein, of course, "and such were some of you."