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Richard (RJ) Eskow

Richard (RJ) Eskow

Posted: September 28, 2010 03:54 AM

What happened to Moody's is what happens to every "agent" who thinks he can serve two masters. The sad thing is that it keeps happening, even though we've seen this movie before.

Credit rating agencies are supposed to monitor debt that's issued by financial institutions and governments. It's their job to protect investors from purchasing financial instruments that are misleadingly packaged or are riskier than the buyer can afford. These "agencies" hold extraordinary power -- to destroy companies, to make people fabulously rich, even to influence governments.

The problem is they're not "agencies" at all. They're for-profit companies who have their palms outstretched to the big banks for revenue even as they're "policing" the soundness of their portfolios.

Consider the recent checkered past of Moody's, which holds a 40% market share in the worldwide credit rating business. Allegations have been raised about its CEO's stock trading, harassment of a whistle blower, and intentional deception of the public for its own financial gain. It got everything wrong when it came to rating debt, despite reports it should have known all along.

How is Moody's handling the public shame caused by its ignominious failures? By lecturing the government on how to handle the disaster its own ratings helped to create.

The Moody's File

The SEC declined to file fraud charges against Moody's last month, not because they thought the "agency" was innocent -- the evidence showed otherwise -- but because it said there was a jurisdictional problem. As the SEC's report made clear, Moody's knew a number of credit ratings had been incorrectly rated too favorably. But rather than face the public embarrassment of admitting its mistake, Moody's let the public believe the ratings were accurate. Moody's looked the other way as investors were placed at risk, twiddling its thumbs and whistling to itself like a crooked cop ignoring a robbery.

To conceal its mistake, Moody's s-l-o-w-l-y let the numbers climb back to where they should have been all along. As the SEC makes clear in its report, there is substantial evidence that fraudulent behavior occurred and that investors were misled as a result. The report also presents evidence which shows that Moody's misled the SEC itself, which is a violation of law.

In the latest scandal, a firm that analyzes home mortgages just testified that it told banks that the mortgages they were bundling were a mess, with more than one in four failing to meet even basic underwriting standards -- and they kept on doing it anyway.

They told the rating franchises, too. But, as the head of the analysis firm observed, "if any one of them would have adopted it, they would have lost market share."

He can't help it if he's lucky

As if Moody's reputation wasn't battered enough, there's the matter of questionably timed stock sales by Moody's CEO Raymond McDaniel. One trade that sent out shock waves was McDaniel's sale of 100,000 shares of stock the same day the SEC told Moody's it was investigating the company. That looked very much like trading on insider information of a highly material nature, since the SEC notice threatened a "cease and desist" that would essentially strip Moody's of its "badge and gun" as an agency.

McDaniel says in his own defense that the 100,000-share transaction was part of an "automatic sale" that he didn't directly initiate. But the "automatic sale" was only arranged a month earlier, after Moody's would have been well aware of any SEC investigation. And there's a pattern: A Harvard professor was quoted by Kevin Hall of McClatchy Newspapers as follows: "If you look at his major sales in 2007, 2009, 2010, they are all around price peaks and followed by large declines. The likelihood that this is just 'lucky' is very low -- it appears he is using inside information to time his trades."

Hall and McClatchy had been on the Moody's story like white on rice, as the saying goes. The headline McClatchy gave to Hall's October 2009 story, "How Moody's Sold Its Ratings -- And Sold Out Investors," shows how strongly his editors backed his work.

Senate panels and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission both began investigating Moody's shortly thereafter, and the FCIC found it tough sledding. Both the FCIC and California Attorney General Jerry Brown found that Moody's was dragging its feet on providing requested documents. The FCIC was forced to issue a subpoena, and Brown had to go to court to force compliance with a subpoena he had already issued.

Revenue over research

Moody's drive to "always be selling" severely compromised its judgment, according to reports. As Hall reported last June, Moody's executives described its former CEO as "getting in their face whenever they raised obstacles to rating a complex deal, often boasting that they weren't the ones responsible for Moody's surge in revenues."

"Agencies" like Moody's don't make money by generating accurate ratings. They make it by generating ratings that make the customer -- the banks, funds, and insurance companies issuing these debts -- look good. No wonder analysts were discouraged from raising red flags about risky deals. A review of emails and other documents generated by the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations provided more evidence of this pattern. As an internal PowerPoint showed, consultants who spoke with members of the group that rated the riskiest financial instruments found that they saw their roles as follows:

  • Generating increased revenue.
  • Increasing Market Share and/or Coverage
  • Fostering good relationships with issuers and investors
  • Delivering high quality ratings and research


Just in case that didn't make priorities clear enough, the consultants added: "When asked about how business objectives were translated into day-to-day work, most agreed that writing deals was paramount, while writing research and developing new products and services received less emphasis."

A "franchise," not an agency

That's why the word "agency" is such a misnomer. It's a word with multiple meanings, but in this case it suggests a quasi-government function. The FBI is an "agency." The Environmental Protection Agency is an "agency." Moody's isn't that kind of agency. You'd have to look to another definition, like "the capacity, condition or state of exerting power" or "an establishment engaged in doing business for another." The analysts who placed "writing deals" above research aren't "agents," except for the high-stakes gamblers who pay their fees.

Follow the money. McDaniel held a "town hall meeting" with employees as the economy was crashing around them, thanks in large part to the great ratings they and their colleagues had given to fraudulent products. He said "... my thinking is there's a much greater concern about the franchise. Everyone in this room is a long-term investor (ed: presumably in Moody's stock), for sure."

The raters all own stock in Moody's and want "the franchise" to succeed. That's not an agency. It's a "franchise." That's why the company reportedly "purg(ed) analysts and executives" who warned that there was trouble coming. It's why Moody's and its competitors don't want to be held liable for "recklessly" issuing bad information. It's why they withheld their services at a crucial time because they didn't want to responsible.

Now an ex-employee is alleging they defamed him after he raised issues of fraud and inflated ratings internally, and then to investigators. Agencies don't do that. Franchises do.

Ending the rigged game

Despite all the evidence, Moody's is still treated as a credible player ... and one that's powerful enough to send a warning shot across the bow of the United States government. It threatened to downgrade the US government's debt last March if more wasn't done to reduce the government's debt.

That's the kind of rigged game we're facing: One of the biggest sources of the government's debt is the economic collapse. That collapse was enabled in large measure by the bad ratings issuing by rating franchises like Moody's. Now Moody's wants to hamstring the government's ability to repair the damage it helped create. And it might. They're that powerful, and the system is that rigged.

Imagine: Moody's still holds enormous power because it can deny the government a AAA rating -- the same rating it once freely gave to mortgage securities underwritten so badly that 28% of them were virtually worthless. It's a classic film noir ending: The double agents, the cops on the take, they're the ones who wind up having connections, the ones who seem to come out on top in the end.

The Franken Amendment would slow down the profit-driven salesmanship of the ratings franchises. Good idea, but why stop there? Where are the prosecutions? And it's time to consider shutting these groups down. You've seen this movie, too: everybody knows you can't trust a double agent.


_______________________________________________________________

Richard (RJ) Eskow, a consultant and writer (and former insurance/finance executive), is a Senior Fellow with the Campaign for America's Future. This post was produced as part of the Curbing Wall Street project. Richard also blogs at A Night Light.

He can be reached at "rjeskow@ourfuture.org."

Website: Eskow and Associates

 

Follow Richard (RJ) Eskow on Twitter: www.twitter.com/rjeskow

 
 
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09:52 PM on 10/04/2010
This is all nothing new. Only the names have changed. If one reads Howard Zinn's "A Peoples History of the United States" one will see that the country was always in the pockets of the elite. Nothing will change until the rights of all the people are equal to the controlling oligarchy. Take the money out of elections so that they really mean something and only allow real persons the right to free speech. Fictional entities (corporations) cannot vote and should not be allowed a voice. The CEO's and the people who labor for the corporations can express their views but the fictional entity should not be allowed to buy elections by paying for self-serving political ads.
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Gary Strawley
09:31 PM on 10/04/2010
The Dem's need to have ads across the whole country simply buy telling the truth about the gop!!!

Like the good bills they blocked, like the job bills ( the dem's didn't even tell the people about that). They want to get rid of the min.wage, which means all wages will go down except for the rich, which will take the extra money in bonuses, Take from the poor and middle class and give to the rich. Which
is one of there main goals. There hundreds more plans they have to help the rich only!!!
ONE AD ACROSS THE COUNTRY--- TELLING THE TRUTH ---- WAKE UP THE PEOPLE
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09:47 PM on 10/03/2010
What do you expect?

This stuff is from John Law...the British Empire!

The British Empire, owned by private financiers, ruled the world through the bond market!

The trick was to SUCKER peoples and nations into believing it was legit and approved by government.

The crisis is by design - it's a classic John Law swindle!

just read a little history of John Law and you will under stand the ratings system, the Federal Reserve System, and how Wall Street is just one big super-swindler that a nation-state doesn't need to develop.
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09:00 PM on 10/03/2010
Well, when we have a President who does not seem interested in making any real systemic changes in the way Wall Street steals, er, does business, what can we expect?
yappnmutt
humping legs for liberty
06:42 PM on 10/03/2010
the ratings agencies are the lynchpin of the system. the conflicts of interest are so glaring a two year old's first lessons in discerning right and wrong would have left no doubt about it. the fact that the "franchises" were left untouched by the financial reform discussion is a clue that the fix is still on.
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stargazer13
To Love One Is To Love All
12:08 PM on 10/03/2010
No Ethics no Honor and No Accountability ! H*LL what could go wrong !!
we can rate any way we see fit !!

NO WATCH DOG HERE ! as they sing were in the money were in the money !

AND AMERICAN PEOPLE SAID game over !!
06:49 AM on 10/03/2010
Where, indeed, are the prosecutions? What can we do to get Eric Holder on the stick?
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mjc
Avoid printing any..
12:49 PM on 10/01/2010
Corporations, banks, investment houses, rating groups like Moody's all seem to be involved in an incestual relationships. The 16th Century and 17th Century was also rife with important cabals, lenders, lesser nobility, merchant-chiefs and the national governments of countries like Russia, France and Great Britain all interwined, all interested in only one thing: their own interest. The budding nation states were always in jeopardy of blowing up because the power wasn't in the nation state as much as it was in individual interests, later corporate interests. When the bigger corporate interests replaced the mercantilism of the earlier countries, like Great Britain, the new capitalist found it necessary to be good friends the monarch. It didn't take long for our country's new capitalists to understand the need to be on good terms with the ruling government on the local, state and national level. Now we have phenomenon of the "rulers", our elected officials, opting to give the corporate world the best of terms that a legislator or governor or mayor or president can to the big corporations and to the too-big-too-fail, global corporations. Their best interest permitted them to serve in various governing bodies for little pay because the "donations" made up the difference in wealth. Moody's ratings also give the corporations the luster necessary to keep certain corporations on top. Competition? Who needs it! Niches, monopolies were established and the only opposition was the unions which might or might not be able to change those controls.
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jstrate
12:11 PM on 09/30/2010
The only ratings agencies that should have NRSRO designation are those with subscription based customers. The conflict of interest that exists today is so transparent that only a fool (or an agency captured by the industry) would allow it to persist. The operating principle today seems to be that of establishing regulatory bodies that are obedient and docile servants of the industries they are supposed to regulate. That's called regulatory capture. To be sure, they fire a shot across the bow every now and then, just to fool people into thinking they are doing their job, but nothing very serious ever gets done. The system insures the steady flow of campaign dollars into the coffers of our elected public officials who merely need to make a quick phone call to bring in another $10,000. The madness needs to stop, and public financing of election campaigns may be the only way.
08:50 AM on 09/30/2010
This just shows exactly how broken our system is. I'm not saying Capitalism is bad, but when there is no competition, then it's NOT Capitalism. It also shows, just how little of a Independant Free Press we have, because of how little to nothing of this news, is making it into newspapers, because the mass media, is owned by only a few, obscenely huge corporations.

In fact, these same corporations have been allowed to rewrite the regulations (anti-trust laws), that are allowing them to swallow up more and more. The way it's going, I wouldn't be surprised to see (in my life-time) 2-3 companies, OWNING everything, yet because of the lying they are allowed to do (again because they get to write their own rules), it will appear that they are owned by, and competing against, different corporations.
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QuakerJewish
Reality over myth.
10:00 PM on 09/29/2010
Warren Buffet owns almost a third of Moody's corporation and has for a while. He has been selling off shares and reaping huge profits. He holds a controlling share of Moody's while his investments get superior ratings. That helps to explain to me how he increased his wealth so dramatically while America goes broke.
10:54 PM on 09/29/2010
Contact at QJNNIU
at
gmail.com

if you wish.
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1logicalthinker
with occasional humorous overtones :)
01:14 AM on 09/30/2010
QuakerJewish wrote, "Warren Buffet [sic] owns almost a third of Moody's..." WRONG. "He holds a controlling share of Moody's..." WRONG.

Moody's downgraded Berkshire Hathaway (BRK) stock on April 8, 2009. At the time, BRK owned 20% of Moody's. So much for your theory of Moody's giving BRK superior ratings.
Link: http://www.rationalwalk.com/?p=844

Contrary to your information, as of September 22, 2010, Berkshire Hathaway (Buffett's company) owned only 12.32% (value: $726,164,148) of Moody's stock. The TOTAL market value of Moody's stock is a little less than six billion dollars, so even if Berkshire Hathaway owned all of Moody's, that investment would not be worth as much as his investments in either, Coca-Cola, Wells Fargo, or American Express.

Link: http://www.cnbc.com/id/22130601/site/14081545/

In the future, you might consider doing more research, before you have to backpedal, you might :)
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QuakerJewish
Reality over myth.
08:40 AM on 09/30/2010
Okay, he is dumping his holdings at an incredible rate and today now owns only 12.5%. He was the majority holder during the period that Moody's was involved in its shady rating practices. Your trying to spin his involvement. I like Buffet too, but facts are facts and massive profits while America goes broke is no joke.
http://www.tracked.com/company/moodys-corporation/
How his holdings in Moody's compare with his other holdings is totally irrelevant to this article and to the "coincidence" that his companies and investments were mis-rated by Moody's. Buffet rarely sells, being a buy and hold man. Take a look at what he is doing with his Moody's stocks today.
I should have typed "owned", rather than "owns". Good catch ilogicalthinker.
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QuakerJewish
Reality over myth.
08:49 AM on 09/30/2010
My apologies. I see you are 1logicalthinker. That was not intentional. Sorry.
08:46 PM on 09/29/2010
Now wait a minute! If corporations have First Amendment rights, shouldn't each corporation also logically have the right to cast a vote as well?

Instantly, 6 million more GOP votes!

Voila
07:21 PM on 09/29/2010
Sadly, while Australians know that Moodys and Standard and Poor lied about their ratings, the South Australian State Government is still beholden to them for a Triple A rating. How can we break the international stranglehold these crooks have?
06:10 PM on 09/29/2010
The problem is not the goverment AAA Rating, It's the inability of the goverment agencies to do their job, The SEC,FBI AG'S departments hands are tied by politicians who have a stake in the deals by moody. This is not a goverment of the people anymore insted a goverment of the rich and when they speak Washington is listening. The Republic is now control by Kings and Queens of the corporate world the people are just pons to move around the political partys the poll that are taken show just that in years past a poll could predic the out come of a election now who knows
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JeffreyGold
Senator Jeffrey Gold (I)
05:39 PM on 09/29/2010
Hell, if Moody's is off the line because of a jurisdictional problem, please tell me that some other agency will charge them, right? Am I missing something here? Are we being hijacked?

Does this mean murderers can use the defense of reverse-time to prove their victims are still alive?

WTF, people?

If corporations get to choose which agency they want to be regulated by---and these agencies all vie to be the most lax---then there must be one agency that can file, right? If the SEC doesn't WANT to do it, how about the U.S. Attorney General's office?
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xanas
libertarian, voluntarist, anarchist
07:18 PM on 09/29/2010
The SEC definitely has jurisdiction to at least kill Moody's NRSRO designation, but this is not going to happen because the government wants Moody's exactly where it is at. The only way they will seriously get dropped is if enough of the public wants to go after them, and most of the public doesn't know enough about them.

It's the SEC itself that's to blame for Moody's cartel status in the ratings industry through it's NRSRO designation that the SEC won't give to anyone else. Due to the regulations in government that demand finance companies get ratings from NRSROs the only way you'll see any new market entrants is if tomorrow the SEC declares any business that wants to start rating can have an NRSRO designation.

But if the government did that, they'd allow in ratings agencies which would do research in a way that the government doesn't like and start giving poor ratings to various states/etc.

My guess is that Moody's may be pushing the fact that they may lower our debt rating because it benefits them to remind the US government that we need to maintain their cartel with Standard & Poor and Fitch. But Moody's isn't the one to blame for Moody's cartel, that'd be the fault of the SEC in creating and pushing the NRSRO designation.

It's just one more example of the unintended consequences of government intervention.
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QuakerJewish
Reality over myth.
10:09 PM on 09/29/2010
I believe you misstated. "This is one more example of the intended consequences of the government's failure to intervene" would be the logical analysis.
If the government had done its job, Moody's would not have gone astray in the first place. If the government does not intervene now, this behavior will continue in the future.
Its not intervention, but failure to intervene that is at the root of the problem. Ideology that excuses corporations for their crimes of self profit at the public's expense is flawed.