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America Must Immediately Reverse the Downsizing of its Navy as China Grows on the High Seas

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The United States Navy is of critical importance to the defense of this country and to maintaining freedom of the seas internationally. Freedom of navigation, as ensured by the Navy, is critical to America's ability to project power by moving men and equipment over 70 percent of the earth's surface and to maintaining world trade and commerce. The Navy's missions in this regard have expanded significantly in recent years. Simultaneously, the Navy faces a strategic challenge from China in the Pacific. Yet the number of ships in the fleet continues to fall. If this trend is not reversed quickly, American security and influence in the world will be diminished for many years to come.

Among other tasks, the U.S. Navy is supporting sustained combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, patrolling the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean to deter Somali pirates, providing sea-based ballistic missile defense (BMD) to US forces and allied countries such as Japan and Israel, interdicting illegal arms shipments and WMD trafficking, stopping illegal narcotics and human trafficking, providing humanitarian relief in Haiti and elsewhere, performing its traditional role of maintaining the freedom of the seas and deterring attacks on the homeland and American interests abroad.

In addition to these missions, the Navy is confronting the rise of a new world power that appears intent on playing the leading role in the Pacific, an ocean once dominated by the US. Last year, China issued a new strategy "far sea defense" and is building a long-range blue water capability for its navy. An element of China's new strategy is to extend its operational reach beyond the South China Sea and the Philippines to the "second island chain" of the Pacific, where America has traditionally exercised naval supremacy.

Whereas the US views its naval role in the Pacific as a force for keeping the seas free for navigation by all, China sees things quite differently. China contends that it can control virtually any activity within its 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone, making those waterways off limits to foreign merchant and naval vessels without Chinese permission. China also asserts the right to take democratic Taiwan by force and is rapidly developing the means to prevent America from intervening should China decide to invade or blockade the ROC. Chinese officials have plainly informed American officials that it will tolerate no foreign interference in its territorial issues in the South China Sea. China's dramatic naval expansion has been so rapid as to surprise American policy makers.

To back up its strategy, China has deployed 60 submarines and 75 major warships. China has also announced its intention to build indigenous aircraft carriers to end the US monopoly of such ships in the Pacific. Over the past several years, China has acquired three former Soviet carriers and one Australian carrier, which are being studied by its naval architects. China's well established anti-ship and ballistic missile programs, its extensive submarine fleet and new carrier initiative shows that China will be a serious Pacific naval power and, if not checked, could turn much of that ocean into a "Chinese lake".

Fulfilling its multitude of missions and confronting the growing Chinese challenge is not the 600 ship Navy built by Ronald Reagan. Nor is it the 313 ship navy that the Pentagon set as the floor number of warships necessary to protect American interests just two years ago. Today, the United States Navy operates 284 warships. While current plans call for increasing the size of the Navy over time, several respected commentators suggest our current budget path will result in a Navy of a mere 215 ships in the near future if the planned 4.5 percent cut in the Navy's annual budget holds.

The consequences of the downsized Navy are not good for the United States. Without command of the seas ensured by the Navy, it will become more difficult to project American power where necessary to defeat terrorists, interdict WMDs and illegal arms trading and deter nations, including the new super power China, that might do America and its allies harm. World trade and national economies will be harmed as shipping costs soar due to critical sea lanes being restricted or choked off by hostile or ambitious coastal powers. Further, piracy and general lawlessness on the high seas will result in loses and the sharp increase of insurance premiums for shipping companies. Rapid humanitarian relief efforts will be more difficult to mobilize in response to disasters such as the Indonesian tsunami, earthquakes in Pakistan, and floods in the South Pacific islands.

Seeing the surge of the Chinese Navy into the Pacific, the former leader of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, gave the following warning in Washington recently: "U.S. core interests require that it remain the superior power in the Pacific ... To give up this position would diminish America's role throughout the world."

Steps that can be taken now to strengthen American sea borne defense include reversing the planned cuts in the Navy's budget and increase funding immediately to a level to appropriate to sustain a 313 ship navy with 11 carrier battle groups. Building and deploying additional destroyers and frigates specifically designed for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and patrol duty should be a high priority. Such ships have been the work horses of all past major conflicts involving sea power - including both World Wars and the Korean and Vietnam wars. Likewise, building lower-cost littoral combat ships (LCS) and faster small ships such as the experimental Sea Fighter catamaran being tested by the Office of Naval Research would be a less expensive way of carrying out missions such as special operations and counter terrorism, drug interdiction and humanitarian missions that now occupy the time of larger warships better suited for blue water action.

Increasing the capacity of the United States' primary land based BMD site in Alaska and building additional BMD sites in the continental U.S. and Europe would further protect the America and its allies from North Korean, Iranian and other ballistic missile threats. The Navy could then deploy its Aegis destroyers and cruisers for missions other than sea-based BMD duty.

Raising the level of maintenance of the recently decommissioned carriers such as the John F. Kennedy, which remain in the reserve fleet, is a low cost-high impact program to give our fleet additional depth. The carriers should be kept ready to reenter the active fleet on short notice. An effective maintenance program for these mothballed carriers would send a clear message to our foes that even if they were lucky enough to sink or damage one of our active carriers with a cruise missile or torpedo, another similar platform would quickly take its place, especially if its air wing was comprised of the F-35 vertical take off and landing (VTOL) fighter-bombers.

When international conflicts flare or natural disasters strike, the first question asked by American policy makers (and friends and foes alike) is, "where are the carriers?" The ability of the United States to project power around the globe and ensure peace through strength is largely dependent on the U.S. Navy and its core carrier battle groups being the superior force in the Pacific and worldwide. In order to maintain the relevance of the foregoing question, America must immediately reverse the decline of its Navy.


Robert C. O'Brien served as a United States Representative to the 60th Session of the UN General Assembly. He is the Managing Partner of the Los Angeles office of Arent Fox LLP.

 
 
 
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11:48 AM on 05/07/2010
meanwhile, america spends $700 billion on military, 10 times the amount of china, and the next 10 countries combined. america also maintains about 700 military bases around the world. no wonder america has to keep inventing new enemies, it wants to give hand outs to the military at the expense of the tax payers. face it. this is just a war mongering country.
04:53 AM on 05/07/2010
There's no reason to have another China scare. We import untold quantities of manufactured goods from China, and this helps the public enjoy a higher standard of living. China has shown it is a reliable trading partner. We also get loans from China, and this helps to ease budgetary woes, And although it seldom gets mentioned, I must give China credit for allowing abortion. At a time when many U.S. legislators want to bring back the bad old days of compulsory pregnancy, China shows a more enlightened way. I've read that they even have special vehicles equipped with abortion-related equipment, so even in remote areas the right to abortion can be had not just in theory but in practice. This issue may not matter to many respondents, but heed the old saw, "If men became pregnant, abortion would be a sacrament."
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DevonTexas
Eternal Optimism
04:53 PM on 05/06/2010
Maybe you haven't noticed but the USA is no longer the world power it used to be and because of the two wars we've been fighting in the Middle East, we can't afford to be a world power any more. So, it's left to some other country to be the world's police. Might as well be China.
03:20 PM on 05/06/2010
with today's missiles and related firepower, ships are obsolete against a competent, determined and cunning adversary.
03:08 PM on 05/06/2010
Numbers aren't that important. Assume that the Chinese have the same types of ships they have now, but multiplied out so that they had three times as many warships as the USN. Who wins a big battle in the Pacific? The United States wins and quite easily.

That is because both our platforms and our sailors have better capabilities than the Chinese do. (For example the Chinese have yet to launch their first aircraft carrier. So they have yet to catch up with the American fleet of the 1930s in that area.)

The problem is maintaining American capabilities in the future against constrained budgets. The answer is to build sufficient numbers of fewer classes of ships so that the per-ship costs are kept down. That is why the DDG-1000s are being replaced with the DDG-51s.

-HJC
05:31 PM on 05/06/2010
Have to disagree. I think China could very easily defeat the US, on land or on sea. The American military might have been powerful in the past, but it simply isn't any longer. The days when it could dominate the world are long gone. The US navy should be restricted to patrolling the coast and basic defense. Our economic problems demand major cuts in the military budget. Eliminating the aircraft carriers (which are obsolete anyway and wouldn't last a week in a real war) would be a good start. Every penny invested in them is a penny thrown away.

As far as building more ships goes, the US no longer has the capacity to do that. In fact, we can't build any at all without relying on the Chinese for certain critical components.
02:18 PM on 05/06/2010
I am familar with naval matters. Even IF China builds a navy a capable and numerous as the US, it has severe geographic limitations. There are literally thousands of islands and choke points that can be turned into deadly missile and mine traps. It could well be that China actually wants to secure their oil lifeline to Middle East and Africa. We must not overreact by entering into a naval arms race that could end up pushing the two great trading parteners into a conflict (see Germany and the British before 1914).

There is something else as well. Such a naval arms race could bankrupt the US. Many understood that the great naval arms build up in the 1980's was a one shot event. All the chips were bet.The National Debt is laden with bonds issued for warships that were built, sailed and have already been decommissioned. Now... Mr. Reagan's bill has come due for the nation.
12:37 PM on 05/06/2010
"Managing Partner" of lobbying organization supports increased Gov't military spending, invokes outdated imperialistic fearmongering.

Someone alert the Internet!
11:08 AM on 05/06/2010
Let's understand one very important point that is always left out of a debate like this: We could build several hundred new vessels, and it wouldn't matter. If we ever have to fight a war on the size of WWII, we would lose. Why? Because we have exported our manufacturing base to Asia. We have idled thousands of manufacturing plants in search of better corporate profit margins. We need to understand that a lack of a manufacturing base is a bigger threat to peace than a single warship. The manufacturing capacity of the midwest was critical to churning out the necessary materials to win that war, even though our enemies technology was far superior to ours. It amazes me that both Republicans and Democrats do not see that the best way to prevent war is to be strong both in technology AND manufacturing.
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11:31 AM on 05/06/2010
And don't forget that in WWII, we were an oil exporting nation. Those days are gone forever.
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10:35 AM on 05/06/2010
Suck it up, Uncle Sam.
Finally, China gets it: if you want peace, prepare for war.
China is the only member of the P5 without a history of having engaged in military aggression or bellicose imperialism. Rather, until recently, China was on the receiving end of war and colonialism from Japan, England, Germany, the U.S., and Russia. And why was that? One reason was because China had no deep water navy.
Uncle Sam's empire is in the process of collapse, while China is regaining might and cultural significance.
11:03 AM on 05/06/2010
Really? I think every Tibetan would tend to disagree with you.
02:32 AM on 05/08/2010
yea tell that to the Dalai Lama...China is Germany 1937... and will go the same way in the end
09:26 AM on 05/06/2010
Congrats to Mr. O'Brien for raising this issue now before it is too late to do anything about it. China is a very clever and sophisticated country with plans to colonize the world economically first, and then slowly begin military domination as well. They will always compliment America; they will always say they admire us. They will never present a threatening face to the world. But make no mistake, it is their objective to dominate and their naval activities are one more example. I sure hope Americans do not aspire to the Chinese model of economic freedom and brutal crackdowns on civil rights.
11:51 AM on 05/07/2010
Right. It's quite brilliant of you to assume that because America enjoys colonising the world militarily, that others are just like you. And what exactly qualifies you to be the spokesman for what China's objectives are? Brutal crackdown on civil rights? This coming from an American. Priceless.
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03:14 AM on 05/06/2010
Let's assume we DO need to expand our Navy - a wild conjecture, to be sure - but exactly where is the money going to come from? Our recent orgy of needless, pointless military expenditures in the middle east have left the cupboards bare - and the population drained and wary of digging even deeper into threadbare pockets for more. Wars DO have consequences, after all, many of them unintended. Those who were so eager to kick camel-jockey booty to rinse out the taste of Viet Nam have instead replicated the cultural division and financial doldrums of that era - it took fifteen years or so for the economy to recover, didn't it? And with whose money are the Chinese building their Navy? Ask the Wal-Mart regulars...
03:38 AM on 05/06/2010
Well, one can start with taxing the bonuses of the banksters. In 2009, the 2nd year in a row in which the banksters granted themselves record bonuses, just the several large Wall Street firms gave their execs. $20 Billion. That ought to be enough to fund a program for the veterans of the recent wars in PTSD. But hardly enough for more war toys.
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10:38 AM on 05/06/2010
To borrow a phrase from GOP policy adviser Grover Norquist, America's global empire must be reduced to the size where it can be dragged into the bathroom and drowned in the bathtub. If that reduction comes in the form of ruinous wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, so be it.
It's time to fill the tub!
Mindful that the United States military marches under the banners of torture and "preventive war," I do not support timetables, benchmarks, or exit strategies. I enthusiastically support the most lavish spending on any and all of Uncle Sam's wars.
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inthelandoftheblind
Obama wants a strong Middle Class
11:08 AM on 05/06/2010
If this is true, it confirms there's a method to their madness! Ironic isn't it, how they brainwash the minions - that Obama is going to ruin the country.We can't take more of their GOP kind of abuse! I do know that.

This is a huge clue toward providing me an explanation! I'll have to look Norquist up.

Fan #33, here.
02:31 AM on 05/06/2010
All Americans should boycott Chinese-made products. Stay out of WalMart, Costco, TJMaxx, Home Goods, Target--all of them. They're all the same products, anyway. They might as well just rename their stores "Sh*t Made in China."

Buy sheets and household linens made in Italy or Portugal or France. That way, you'll know that you're not being poisoned.

Buy fewer, but better quality European-made or US-made toys for your children. That way, you'll know that they're not being poisoned.

Buy food at local farmer's markets/CSAs.

Stock up on paper goods from Whole Foods (their 365 brand is cheapest).

American consumers are building a Chinese superpower.
02:38 AM on 05/06/2010
That can work too - the world would just have a much smaller economy, as the two largest economies refuse to trade with each other. The big 3 and Boeing'd be broke, as protectionism begets same both ways.

Tell me when, and let me join the banksters to short the heck out of the correct sectors .
08:19 AM on 05/06/2010
Stay out of WalMart, TJMaxx, CostCo, and Target? Oh AnimalLover6, you've got to be kidding! As a consumer, am I supposed to be thrilled at the thought of paying more for things elsewhere? And just because something's not Chinese doesn't mean it's not defective. Look how Toyota had the brake pedals that stuck, for example.
12:42 PM on 05/07/2010
Oh, I should have written "gas pedals" not "brake pedals". But the point doesn't change.
02:13 AM on 05/06/2010
Harry Truman and Ronald Reagan and Teddy Roosevelt and George Bush never needed to apologize for American exceptionalism. They wielded the big stick with great effect. The bizarre hard left regime in the Washington today (that gives us a head of state who bows low to the emperor of Japan and king of Saudi Arabia) that believes America can only act with the approval of the bureaucrats in the EU and UN is the laughing stock of the world. China, Iran, Russia, Venezuela thumb their noses at appeasing and weak Obama and literally get away with murder. Just as the weakness of Jimmy Carter gave birth to the Reagan era, the present socialist and defeatist government will bring on an electoral backlash that will leave the democrats reeling. The 21st century will be America's as well, and this more than anything drives the lefty Americans over the edge.
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02:59 AM on 05/06/2010
You can always tell a straight-ahead fascist is on the loose when they call the centrist/corporatist president "bizarre hard left." It's to laugh...
11:54 AM on 05/07/2010
technically Obama is right of centre, but in the nato world, people are so skewed to the right that even Tony Blair is considered left wing.
08:42 AM on 05/06/2010
Look, Deming McKenzie, if you want somebody to blame for the current situation vis-a-vis China, why don't you blame Nixon? It was way back in 1972 that he made the overture to China, and he did so with the complaisance of conservatives such as yourself. Your wish that we get tough with China comes 38 years too late. Long before Obama even came into office, China had been selling us untold quantities of manufactured goods and had loaned us almost untold sums of money. Where were you all the while that was happening? Do you really want to wrench the world's economy to pieces by cutting all that off? Yet if you want to be serious about getting tough with China, that's what would be called for. It would be the height of inconsistency just to spend oodles of taxpayer dollars on more quantities of military hardware, all the while continuing to make China rich from its sale of manufactured goods and from interest on the loans it makes to us.
09:59 AM on 05/06/2010
at least you are reasonable Iratior. Yes Nixon made nice with China which drove the Soviet Union into panic. It was a great move. And the schlock we buy from China at Walmart -- you are certainly correct. China is a fascist state -- very similar to Germany in 1937 as it booms economically and puts billions into arming and nursing old grudges and celebrating racial purity. The best that will happen with China is that it goes the way South Korea went in the 1980s, as an authoritarian capitalist state that eventually evolves into a free democracy. There is a VERY real chance the Chinese economy is going to collapse in the mother of all bubbles...even within 12 months. Also the Chinese colossus is standing on glass ankles -- a few old communist party men hold all the power. Someday lets hope the Goddess of Democracy we saw in '89 will be on Chinese currency, and evil Mao's portrait replaced with Sun Yat-Sen on the Forbidden City wall.
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Richard Pearce
Atheistic-agnostic Canadian polymath
10:36 PM on 05/05/2010
Ah hubris, thy name is (in this case) Robert.

So, if the US navy is not the absolute rulers of the waves, they will fall into anarchy and lawnessness.

That the Somali pirates face a multinational patrol (that includes the Iranians), as we saw in Haiti, the biggest problem in a large scale disaster is coordinating where the torrent of aid and responders from all around the world goes, and getting it distributed. As for drug interception, spending vast sums of money to drive the profit margins up, when it would be a lot more effective to spend half that amount on education (just education, not 'drug education') and job creation (inner city grocery stores for example).

Yes, the US navy may no longer rule the waves, but that doesn't mean they'll become lawless.
10:12 PM on 05/05/2010
America has 5 percent of world population yet spends 41 percent of the entire world's expenditure on Arms , check out this chart !
Rank↓ Country↓ Spending ($ b.)↓ World Share (%)↓
— World Total 1464.0 100
1 United States United States 607.0 41.5
2 People's Republic of China Chinaa 84.9 5.8
3 France France 65.7 4.5
4 United Kingdom United Kingdom 65.3 4.5
5 Russia Russiaa 58.6 4.0
6 Germany Germany 46.8 3.2
7 Japan Japan 46.3 3.2
8 Italy Italy 40.6 2.8
9 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 38.2 2.6
10 India India 30.0 2.1
11 South Korea South Korea 24.2 1.7
12 Brazil Brazil 23.3 1.6
13 Canada Canada 19.3 1.3
14 Spain Spain 19.2 1.3
15 Australia Australia 18.4 1.
05:30 PM on 05/06/2010
Sometimes one should think before typing, The US is providing protection for alot more than 5% of the world's population. We protect the Atlantic and Pacific sea lanes. Provide a nuclear umbrella that have maintained the peace in Europe and Asia and remains the only country able to project force to stop acts of genocide, provide humanitarian assitance and enforce peace treaties. Without the US, the world is a lot more dangerous.
08:54 PM on 05/06/2010
My brother , that sounds straight out of a CIA propaganda leaflet ! where has the US protected anyone from genocide ? Rwanda ,Cambodia ? Wherever there is major strife on earth behind it you find some US corporation or the CIA or the US army, Latin America has been turned upside down with US trained and supported hit squads and brutal secret services,
look at the major wars today and the US is central to every one the Middle East , AF/Pak
Even in Africa its the US and its allies arming both sides of the conflict while grabbing the natural resources. Apartheid in South Africa , wars in Angola Mozambique the list is endless.
Stop drinking the CIA kool- Aid and do some research ! Who is the major supporter of Israel in its dehumanizing of the Palestinians ? the USA.
With friends like that who needs enemies ?