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Robert Hughes

Robert Hughes

Posted: November 15, 2010 07:56 AM

Beginning around 1970, most states passed "no-fault" laws for couples who wanted to get divorced. This meant that husbands and wives no longer had to prove that their spouse did something wrong such as adultery in order to get divorced. Since that time, social scientists have regularly surveyed Americans about their attitude in regards to these divorce laws. The findings have been quite consistent over the past 40 years. About half of Americans want more strict laws about divorce, about 25 percent would keep them the same and another 25 percent think that getting a divorce should be even easier.

What influences people's attitudes towards divorce?

Scientists have been exploring the factors that shape people's attitudes towards divorce. In general, we know that people who have conservative attitudes in general, married individuals, older adults (60 years and older), Whites and rural residents are more likely to believe that divorce laws should be more strict.

But what about the role of religion? Does religion shape our attitudes about divorce? The obvious answer to this question would be, "of course." But what is it about religion that influences divorce?

Two sociologists at the University of Texas at Austin recently published their findings about the way in which religion shapes attitudes towards divorce in the Journal of Family Issues. Their study was based on more than 5,000 American adults in 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006. This sample included many different ethnic, religious and educational groups. About 45 percent of the sample was married and never divorced, 29 percent were divorced and 25 percent were never married.

The study addressed three questions, and the answers are somewhat surprising.

Does religious affiliation in general matter?

First, Charles Stokes and Christopher Ellison asked the question, are people who profess to have a religious affiliation more likely to think divorce laws are too lax compared to people who are atheist or express no religious activities? They found that those with any religious affiliation, especially those who identify themselves as conservative Protestants were more likely to think that divorce laws needed to be stricter.

Do a person's views about the Bible matter?

Next, they asked if their view of the Bible matters. They were particularly interested in whether Americans who viewed the Bible as the "literal word of God" had different views than those who viewed the Bible as "inspired, but not literal" book. They hypothesized that people who viewed the Bible literally would be more likely to have more conservative views. The results indicated otherwise. Stokes and Ellison found that both groups were similar in their view that divorce laws were too lax. In short, it appears that the general belief that the Bible as an important book, either inspired or literal, did not make a difference in attitudes towards divorce.

Does church attendance matter?

Lastly, they asked if church attendance itself matters. Here they wanted to find out whether it was beliefs about religion in general or church attendance that was a better predictor of divorce beliefs. Their results indicated that church attendance was the strongest predictor of what a person thought about divorce law. Those who regularly attended church regardless of the religion were more likely to think that divorce laws should be stricter. In short, church attendance itself, not the profession of religious beliefs, was the strongest predictor of attitudes towards divorce.

So what should we make of these findings? First, it is interesting that over the last 40 years American attitudes towards divorce haven't changed. There is neither overwhelming support to make the laws stricter or more lenient. Like so many other cultural issues, we are divided. Some of the findings of this study seem obvious. Yes, those who profess any religious belief are more likely to want stricter laws about divorce. Most religions view marriage as important to the fabric of society and to the faithful. On the other hand, one might expect that those who hold a literal belief in the Bible might have had even more conservative views about divorce. This was not the case. And finally, it seems that the practice of religion through church attendance may be the critical feature in shaping these stricter views of divorce. Americans who regularly practice their faith, regardless of the type of faith, are more likely to think that divorce laws should be stricter.

 
Beginning around 1970, most states passed "no-fault" laws for couples who wanted to get divorced. This meant that husbands and wives no longer had to prove that their spouse did something wrong such ...
Beginning around 1970, most states passed "no-fault" laws for couples who wanted to get divorced. This meant that husbands and wives no longer had to prove that their spouse did something wrong such ...
 
 
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07:14 AM on 11/22/2010
In biblical times, women were property and kept their mouths shut. The divorce rate was low.
12:48 AM on 11/19/2010
Lost in all this is God's view; that marriage between one man and one woman is a holy bond which He created and one which should not be broken.

Jesus gives us one reason for divorce, Paul adds another which didn't exist until the resurrection.
04:36 AM on 11/18/2010
I never imagined or planned to be divorced. I also never imagined that continuing to be married to this person would be detrimental to my health and the health and wellbeing of my relatives. I take issue with no-fault divorce because divorce CAN happen to people who don't "believe" in it and who try very hard to avoid it. Often, those people are divorcing due to issues of health, safety, addiction, theft, abuse, etc on the part of their spouse. It is just another slap in the face to know that not only is the process of divorce arduous for these people, but there is no way to get any form of restitution or try to be "fair and just" by taking into account poor behavior on the part of one party.

I didn't want to get divorced. I got divorced because it was the only way for me to survice. I don't believe I went into my marriage lightly, either. I think that the supposed "fairness" of a no-fault divorce is unnecessarily punitive to many people who are making a good and sane choice.
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Swiftlearner
06:53 PM on 11/17/2010
This is an interesting social observation about marriage. However, I believe the reason of the study would not have any material difference with the affiliation of church attendance is replaced with active secular social function members such as museum, librarian volunteer groups, civic groups such as veteran associations etc.
It is the social coherence and conformity of a social structure that drive the desire of stability of marriage than religious values.
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Robert Hughes
01:06 PM on 11/18/2010
This is a good analysis and alternative explanation of these findings. In short, does regularity of church attendance simply reflect a value of routine and regularity in social behavior? It would be helpful to know what other social participation, routines correlate with regularity of church attendance.

This is a very testable hypothesis and should be put to the test. Thanks for your thoughtful reading of these findings.
04:16 PM on 11/17/2010
I can see both sides of the no-fault divorce issue. However, I feel I have to align my feelings about civil divorce with my feelings aboutcivil marriage. Personally, I'm a Roman Catholic. I do not personally "believe" in divorce and would do everything in my power to keep my marriage intact "til death do us part." However, I am very strong supporter of sam sex marriage (I would support it in the church too, but know that that is a long way coming). Therefore I believe that the religious aspects of marriage - the ceremonies and rules dictated by religion ought to be kept separate from the laws of the state. In my opinion this best preserves marriage for everyone. Religious folks who don't want to let gay people in on their religion's marriage don't have to, but can't stop the state from allowing a civil marriage. Because of this I think divorce should be the same way. No matter how easy or difficult it is to get a divorce in your religious sect, the government should have commonsense rules that apply to everyone.
That having been said, I do feel for the plight of people aho are left by their spouses and have no say in the matter, however even with having to prove fault, it seems to almost always end up that the couple does get divorced, it just ends up being more costly to do so.
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Butterfly M
12:48 PM on 11/17/2010
The simple truth, Christianity value hegemony and politics. Not family values.

Asian faiths are about family values. They do not interfere with Politics for the most part.

But many are in denial.
08:49 AM on 11/17/2010
Marriage is a great example of what happens when religion and government mix.
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DomerDem
10:32 PM on 11/16/2010
Why are there some many post about Asian religions. I think the problem with divorce is not society's views of divorce but its views on marriage. I think in the US we simply don't value marriage and we pretend to value it by giving a tax advantage to being married. If we want to change things then we have to make sure we are entering a committed relationship for the right reasons. We also must understand that a relationship is work and you have to work on it daily. Too many people believe that "LOVE" exist without effort, thats just not the case. Physical attraction takes no work, true love takes time and work to nurture the bond. There are ups and downs, "LOVE - HATE" is not just a saying. Love takes passion, and like every other passions you take time out of your day to nurture it.
12:04 AM on 11/17/2010
Our problem in the US is that we think that piece of paper is the meaning in the relationship. With all of the fuss about marriage, divorce and who has the rights to either one, we've failed to realize that none of that crap matters. What matters instead is the relationship that the two people have with each other. Marriage is just a government sticking its nose into your private life and defining what your relationship is. Then we, the people, use this as a crutch, and like you said, stop doing the actual work necessary to make the thing work. Honestly, I wish the government and the churches would just stay out of it and people should just have negotiated legal contracts with each other if they are so worried about who gets what and who's supposed to do what.
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JayMonaco
11:13 AM on 11/17/2010
Marriage is not the government sticking its nose into your private life, although perhaps that's what it's become to many. The reason we have such a thing as marriage is that the family comprises a microcosmic societal union that then goes on to build the greater unions of society. Cohabitation is a relationship between two people. Marriage is--and always has been--a societal relationship.

We can argue about the specific roles of government and the church at present, what can and should be different, etc. There's a lot to discuss there. But marriage is the public delcaration of a new familial unit before the community. It must be public, must be on record, and must be official. The institution was never intended simply to bind two loving individuals together in a vaccuum.

All right, if we want to get real picky, marriage initially was about chattel. Nevertheless, that only broadens and strengthens my point that the point of the whole thing is not just between two people.
08:15 AM on 11/17/2010
"We also must understand that a relationship is work and you have to work on it daily."

Sometimes. My daughter recently told me about her neighbor friend, an older woman who was married for like 40 years and then lost her husband. My daughter reports that her friend hates it when people say that. She says her husband and her had a good relationship, and it never felt like "work".

After all how good can it be if you "have to" in order to maintain it. I think we fall in love for whatever reason and the relationship takes on a pattern early on that pretty much becomes what it is. Some patterns work a lot better than others; work in the sense of maintaining intimacy and connection and emotional function. But unless the bad outweighs the good from the beginning we tend to stick with it. We're getting something out of it, and we don't know that there is something much better because we have never experienced it, especially if it wasn't present in our birth family.
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RedRat
Ignorance is fixable, stupidty is forever
07:48 PM on 11/16/2010
We are really talking about two very different things here: 1) civil divorce and 2) religious divorce (for those religions that recognize them). Frankly, civil divorce ought to be easy to get, basically two people grow apart over time, they are not the same people they were when they married, they have changed (call it growth if you are New Ager, or just simply they changed for the pragmatic). If the newly grown couple have grown apart and are no longer compatible, let them divorce (of course protecting what communal property they have and dividing it equitably). For religious people who are married within their religious faith, it is up to the religion to formulate the reasons and processes for a divorce. For Catholics, divorce is not generally recognized except for certain circumstances that seem to be applicable to only the wealthiest Catholics, I guess if you cross the palm with enough money, anything is possible.

I admire people who can stay together in marriage for a long period of time, some have grown closer but some have developed a tolerance for the other in the partnership. To those who have grown together, more power to them. To those who have learned to tolerate the other in their relationship, is that what you want? Some do. But for those who realize that tolerance is no longer an option, divorce should be easier and without stigma.
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Karen McCaughan
10:59 PM on 11/16/2010
I agree with you and would also like to add that Civil Marriage should be easier as well.

F&F
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ConsensusReality
RootenTootenZooten
07:12 PM on 11/16/2010
Ought to cost $10,000 to get married and a dime to get divorced.
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Linda Williams
02:35 PM on 11/17/2010
Amen!
05:55 PM on 11/16/2010
Christ said, In Moses time and in Moses world then,  gave that law of divorce only, because our hearts were still harden, not so with God, no such law granted as divorce. Christ said with God, divorce is NOT SO.
05:52 PM on 11/16/2010
One thing Jesus Christ did say about Moses laws, when divorce was allowed. Not so said Christ with God. God does not divorce us, Christ said he is our bridegroom, we all who believe and accept God word as truth, love God dearly are God's bride, and God loves all of us, dearly unconditional and is always faithful to us all . Knows how little we are, all sinners and the Crucified Christ on the cross, who came non violent, expressed God's great love forgiveness, of free gift of God's gift of Grace, was given to ALL.
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Turtleposer
I have micro-bios in my tummy.
11:40 PM on 11/16/2010
But I'm already married. Does this mean I'm a bigamist?
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Butterfly M
05:46 PM on 11/16/2010
Hindus have better family values than Christians and this is reflected in very low divorce rates among Hindus.
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Turtleposer
I have micro-bios in my tummy.
11:41 PM on 11/16/2010
Hmm. In some cases, yes. In many others, woman cannot divorce because to do so would cause shame to her family and harm to her.
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quorthon
Big government IS the answer!
01:10 PM on 11/17/2010
Also, in Vedic tradition, when a woman's husband died, she was supposed to jump into his funeral pyre. This is no longer practiced, for obvious reasons.
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Indigo1941
Time Traveler
05:13 PM on 11/16/2010
That was a very interesting article for one reason: the research and argumentation are based entirely on the assumption that the Christian movement is the only determiner of divorce law. As a Buddhist, I apparently I have no say in the matter. Obviously the other Abrahamists, Jews and Moslems, also have no say and as for Hindus and animists and Scientologists and Wiccans and everyone else, even Yoruba-influenced practices, have no say. It's a Christians-only world our professor of Human Development studies. One question, professor: Are only Christians humans?
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Robert Hughes
05:30 PM on 11/16/2010
You misunderstand the point of this post. You correctly point out a major limitation of this research-- it does not help us understand the role of ALL religious views in regards divorce. All research is limited. It would be very important and interesting to have a broader range of religious views in regards to this issue. I hope that scientists will continue to explore this issue.
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Linda Williams
02:38 PM on 11/17/2010
Cannot understand how the scientific method would help these studies. One can isolate and describe data, but not hearts and minds.
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Butterfly M
06:07 PM on 11/16/2010
Excellent point. The whole title of this article is misleading,

BYW..if you look at the link he provided. Notice the low divorce rate by Asians. That pretty much shows Asian faiths have better family values than any sections of christianity.

White 32%
African-American 36%
Hispanic 31%
Asian 20%
04:40 PM on 11/16/2010
Perhaps we should follow our heart and adapt our ideals along the way instead of opening ourselves up to the opinion that divorce or any other means of segregation of a couple is an acceptable notion.

http://www.backyardmystic.com/2010/11/how-do-couples-stay-indivisible/