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Robert Kuttner

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Time to Put Finance Back in Its Cage

Posted: 06/17/2012 8:15 pm

Last Wednesday, speaking at the Council on Foreign Relations, Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner had this to say about the deepening European crisis: "If you wait to move on these things and you let the market get ahead of you, then you increase the cost of the solutions." Geithner was referring to efforts by European leaders to shore up Europe's banking system and public finances, to regain the trust of money markets.

But what's really at work here? As financial markets pull money out of economies perceived to be weak, the cost of government borrowing goes up, rating agencies downgrade bonds, private investors pull put capital, and the whole cycle feeds on itself. Then governments and central banks need even more heroic measures to try to stem the tide, and they demand more budget austerity in return, deepening the crisis still further.

Europe was actually heading towards a modest recovery in late 2009. Growth was resuming and unemployment was coming down in most countries. Then the new Greek government elected that October reported that the Greek deficit was worse than previously reported; hedge funds began betting against Greek bonds; and then the run on sovereign debt spread to Portugal, Spain and now Italy, where interest costs on bonds keep rising and the European authorities keep playing catch-up.

It wasn't the Greek economy, accounting for about 2 percent of European GDP that deepened the crisis. It was the speculative response to the Greek situation.

Geithner's comment gets the real dynamics backwards. It's not that economies are too slow to appease markets. It's that the markets have too much power to destroy economies.

Let's not forget -- this entire crisis was caused because markets mispriced risk. That's a polite, bloodless way of saying that a bunch of overpaid wise guys bet the farm on the premise that housing prices could never fall, and created opaque securities that made a lot of insiders rich and duped the rest of the economy at a cost of several trillion dollars.

So if financial markets totally screwed up when they created collateralized debt obligations backed by sketchy mortgages and treated them like triple-A bonds, why do we think that the same financial markets are to be trusted when it comes to accurately pricing Greek or Italian or Spanish bonds?

Look at the recent experience of interest rates on these bonds, and they bounce all over the place. The true financial risk can't possibly change so much from week to week.

In the years after World War II, the debt overhang was huge, but Europe nonetheless achieved an impressive economic recovery. One major reason was that financial speculation was kept in its cage. The whole menagerie of derivatives that permit speculation against government debt hadn't been invented yet, and were precluded by the rules of the game. The economist Carmen Reinhart terms this era one of the "repression" of finance -- a term that sounds ominous but in fact is what allowed the postwar recovery to go forward and not to be destroyed by debt.

Alas, the word's commentators and political leaders are mostly arguing just the opposite: if markets are betting against Spain and Italy, the story goes, they must know something that we don't.

But what they mainly know is how to create self-fulfilling prophesies of economic destruction -- highly profitable to the speculators and ruinous to everyone else. A good dose of repression of financial speculation is just what we need today, whether through financial transaction taxes, regulations, capital controls, or governments intervening on the opposite side of speculative bets.

This crisis occurred because financial markets were allowed to run amok. Now the speculators have turned their fire on sovereign debt. If they are allowed to keep running wild, recession will turn into needless depression.

Robert Kuttner is co-editor of The American Prospect and a senior fellow at Demos. His latest book is A Presidency in Peril.

 
 
 
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07:40 PM on 06/22/2012
A lot of finger pointing. But no suggestions for a way out of this mess. Greece is in trouble for a reason. It borrowed too much money and can't pay it back. Why should the financial markets be brought under control for that? They should be punishing Greece as a deterent to other countries who want to be as reckless. There doesn't seem to be a problem in Finland, or Holland, or Germany, or Sweden, or Switzerland.
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10:08 AM on 06/22/2012
we're all hamsters on neocon "financially engineered" and "financially innovated" wheels

"Simpson also relayed some advice to lawmakers on how to sell his plan to the American public. According to Simpson, it is essential to push the idea of a "shared sacrifice" to get the country out of debt.

"Everybody will get hit," he said. "If you tell people that and be honest with them, and

let them bitch and roar and snort, you can make it through there.""

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/16/alan-simpson-paul-krugman_n_1519977.html

the snide snarky elite manipulative smarmyness sounds like blakfein "just doing god's work"

the 1%'s mantra

tell the 99% whatever you have to

they're too busy watching mind numbing reality tv and dancing with the pseudo stars

to notice our "financially engineered" and "financially innovated"

sleight of hand, smoke and mirrors

socialism for the wealthiest

socialized losses!

privatized gains!

that sound you hear is simpson and the neocons laughing all the way to the banks

the world's largest banks that they own and we bail out - dimon, blankfein, rubin, bernanke, greenspam...

and hiding their gains offshore

while they "financially engineer"

tax-free offshore profits repatriation "holidays"

in their $25 million manhattan apartments
03:26 AM on 06/20/2012
We need real market reform. Until such time retail investors have no chance and can get wiped out quickly.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Tom Hendricks
see wikipedia
11:39 AM on 06/19/2012
This is fine, but you have no new ideas to fix it. Should we just wring our hands endlessly while we block out new ideas to fix this economy?

There is a solution to the jobs problem and it could quickly put hundreds of thousands of people back to work. It is not pro left or right. It is not from any corporatio­n, it's outside the government control, it's totally voluntary, works in about one week, and helps all with little sacrifice from anyone.

National Hiring Day - This is a day that corporatio­ns are encouraged to hire new employees. Corporatio­ns are called on to put patriotism first and help their country in
hard times. Those corporatio­ns that cannot hire, are asked to stop firing for that month.
http://wp.­me/p5S9X-n­v

Republicans should love this because it's outside the government and voluntary. Democrats should love this because it helps those needing jobs. Independents should love it because it helps all with little sacrifice from any one corporation, group, or person. Corporations should love this because with just a hire or two they become part of a collective country wide jump start of the economy.
11:39 PM on 06/18/2012
Markets mispriced risk because they assumed, correctly, that all the previous government interference in the market (Fannie, Freddie, etc.) would force a bailout if they got in over their heads. If Fannie and Freddie had never existed, and lenders underwrote their own dollars with the knowledge that there was no government sugar daddy to back them up, none of this would have happened. Not the bubble, not the crash. Government meddling ALWAYS makes things worse, on balance.
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kamachanda
Mr. President, Tear this Wall Street down!
07:55 AM on 06/19/2012
Nonsense. Trying to open up American Markets to toxic baby formula?
11:13 PM on 06/18/2012
As someone of modest means who actively invests in the markets I felt I had some things to say on this matter.
I posted four times in the last twelve hours and all four of my posts were blocked.
07:42 PM on 06/22/2012
I criticised Suzuki and all my posts were blocked. Happy investing and remember - buy low sell high.
10:53 PM on 06/18/2012
Greece is small potatoes. Lets talk about Spain.
Pension funds, insurance companies, widows and orphans etc. buy bonds.
And they are not buying Spanish bonds.
Don't blame speculators. Spain is broke.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financialcrisis/9340073/Spain-pleads-for-ECB-rescue-as-bond-markets-slam-shut.html
Spanish banks are insolvent from bad real estate loans and now that many are nationalized, their guarantor the country of Spain can no longer borrow on the open markets.
As Will Rogers once said, "its not the return on my money I care about, its the return OF my money."
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kamact
Market Observer
10:31 PM on 06/18/2012
Financial entities begged for protection against the shorters back in 2008 and got it....but they remain financial terrorists against all else....
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Chef Typhoid Mary
Taxes are what we pay for civilized society.
09:50 PM on 06/18/2012
As the great Adam Smith warned us: many capitalists will get rich under this system. Unchecked, they will then use their power to destroy the system in order to perpetuate their spot at the top and eliminate the competition, thereby ushering in oligarchy.
07:46 PM on 06/22/2012
I agree. But he would be stunned to learn that 15% of males aged 24-55 in the USA don't work. For the man (woman) paying taxes there are many people sitting on his (her) back.
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lokitheviking
new triple bottom line ; profit, people, planet
07:00 PM on 06/18/2012
We have World Trade Agreements and a WTO to enforce them. A World Bank/IMF and enforcement of their loan payments. We have the US Military/ NATO as the mercenary world police occupying army.
Big money has their rules and enforcers in place. National Governments are no longer sovereign. How then to formulate and impose a regulatory and tax structure on globalized trade in equities, bonds and currency ? They will have to want to do it themselves. This short term focus of "speculative responses", derivitives and stock options will have to be understood by the big players as a bad way to do business for them and us. That it makes sense and money to start thinking longer term.
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Konnie
Really South Carolina??
06:42 PM on 06/18/2012
i just saw a statistic that put the bankers and wall streeters into perspective. a live human being makes up 16% of the market trading. the rest is made by micro-second computer trades for the best return. so i'm going to go with the transaction tax. with the millions of trades going on by the minute, even a fraction of a penny per trade would solve most of our problems rather quickly. and they would just pass it on anyway.
07:47 PM on 06/22/2012
Exactly. Make this trading illegal.
06:07 PM on 06/18/2012
One of the interesting observations about the European crisis is the failure of the "rich" countries to realize that selling their products to Greece helped make them rich. If the Spaniards hadn't done so much building, how much less machinery would have been bought from Germany? Europe, like America just needs to get its head screwed on straight. Never has the adage about "butchering the goose that lays the golden eggs" been more true. If the rich think that they are going to gobble, gobble, gobble...they had better start thinking about developing a system where that is provided for. What is necessary here, for both America and Europe, is a profound re-awakening of a concept called "enlightened self-interest.' What should worry the rich, here and abroad, is that when the majority of people come to believe their political systems are totally corrupt and beyond redemption, usually something more comtemptible comes to replace it.
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SteveM39
That's how dad did it, that's how America does it
07:38 PM on 06/18/2012
It is the fatal flaw of capitalism. The trajedy of the commons. When each player maximizes his own benefit, the resulting model doesn't work. Everyone is scrambling to get their piece of the pie, not caring that most of the pie is getting crushed under foot.

"Enlightened self-interest." is a macro concept. The interest of society. The interest of the people. Personal self-interest was deemed somewhat acceptable as far as ventures and business. But money was never intended to be a weapon of power. Yet that is exactly where we are. You get money by collecting it from others. How much money you take determines how much you make. When money is power, to get more power, you have to take more away from others. The system does not lead to enlightenment. It leads to false pride and a society in which everyone feels entitled.
11:41 PM on 06/18/2012
If you want to see a real tragedy of the commons, take a look at the environmental wreckage left by the planned economies of the Soviet Bloc.
07:52 PM on 06/22/2012
The level of gobbling is the problem. For its wealth Greece feasted too much relative to Germany. This is why the rich get richer. They are responsible with their wealth. Greece used to be a rich country. Same with Italy and Spain. Or do you think the Spanish should be further rewarded for their over-building?
07:09 AM on 06/23/2012
I wasn't quite sure of your point. But my point was that both Germany and Greece and or Spain are economically linked. The over-building in Spain has direct beneficial economic consequences in Germany. If Germany wants to continue to have those positive results Spain needs flourish. If Greece or Spain feasted too much, then what is to be done now.

Starvation cannot be the solution to feasting. Really this is a management problem. Debt always is a management problem.

The wealthy countries should realize that their wealth cannot continue if the faucet that feeds that wealth just stops. There is a middle place. Regrettably, the smart guys haven't figured out where that place is.
05:44 PM on 06/18/2012
It is humorous and a little sad to see so much sentiment for a continuation of the economic status quo. There is much support for the notion that if we just reeled in the financial industry everything would be ok again. In fact, the current crisis has little to do with the real estate bubble of 2008 or the myriad of derivatives the financial industry has created.

Europe's problems are all about the ongoing failure of the euro as a common currency. No amount of bailouts or low interest loans will cure the structural deficiencies of the EU perifery. Best case for Europe and the world would be an orderly (as possible) dissolution of the euro.

In the US, as in most of the developed world, we continue to shore up our standard of living with borrowed money. A little like signing up for new credit cards to pay the balance on the old ones. Works for a while and then it doesn't. We are long past the point where fiscal prudence (austerity) has a chance to remedy things. At some point, the ponzi scheme that is our domestic economy will fail. There is a huge economic contraction in our future. It isn't a matter of if, only when. This is not a partisan rant. It will make absolutely no difference who is in the White House or running Congress. Politicians of both parties have given us over thirty years of gross fiscal mismanagement. We are all screwed.
05:51 PM on 06/18/2012
I agree on both counts. It's telling that we are arguing whether slightly increased borrowing (GOP) is better or worse than significantly more borrowing (DNC). In the end, they both lead to the same place. The only question is the speed at which we get there. Politicians never want to tell their supporters that they can't have what they were promised in the past.
06:21 PM on 06/18/2012
That's weird. A government runs on taxes primarily. Some people don't want taxes and therefore they don't want government, which means they want the nation to fall. A nation borrows money because they can't raise the revenue from taxes. It is a radically different system than personal and business financing.
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SteveM39
That's how dad did it, that's how America does it
07:51 PM on 06/18/2012
What their supporters are clamoring for is more debt. It isn't the poor and middle class making anything off the debt. It is the wealthy. By concentrating the money in the hands of a few, we have created a financial world hugely out of balance. The wealthy have so much money, they have nothing to do with it. They are swimming in it and clamoring for someone they can loan it to safely. They need the US government to sell more bonds so they can buy them and make more money.

That is why Republicans want no taxes. They want all the debt they can load on. Dems want services and taxes to pay for them. Republicans want government handouts to the military industrial complex and multi-nationals and they want to borrow the money from the wealthy so they can not only give them the money but give them interest on the money they give them.
07:53 PM on 06/22/2012
Well said.
05:40 PM on 06/18/2012
Interesting. If they all broke the law why are they all not being prosecuted...or is it a moral issue versus a legal issue? If that is the case, then government is behind it. Both parties because the repubs and dems are both responsible for the housing morgage foreclosure bubble.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
J T K
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?
06:25 PM on 06/18/2012
With a few exceptions they didn't break the law. The lefties here say that that's because they somehow influenced the government with money to write the laws so that they wouldn't break the law with what they did, which is ridiculous because I don't think the bankers were thinking that far ahead. The other explanation is that the law just doesn't cover what they did but that they should be prosecuted anyway (some argue by mob justice sans trial), regardless of the moral problems with that idea, not least of which is ex post facto.
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SteveM39
That's how dad did it, that's how America does it
07:57 PM on 06/18/2012
Barry Bonds, Martha Stewart, Roger Clemons and John Edwards each had millions of dollars spent to try and slap them on the wrist. They were largely victimless charges. Collusion to steal billions from their own customers and not a single prosecution of any banker.

It is plain who is in control and who isn't.
05:38 PM on 06/18/2012
"wise guys bet the farm on the premise that housing prices could never fall"
Au contre my friend - the "wise guys" even bought insurance assured the bundled mortgages would fail. And now "We the People" pay for their fraud