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Robert Naiman

Robert Naiman

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Where Was Obama Amidst All the Violence?

Posted: 02/ 3/11 04:36 PM ET

Contrary to what we were led to believe -- that the U.S.-backed and U.S.-financed Egyptian military would protect the right to peaceful protest -- on Wednesday in Cairo the Egyptian military permitted "Mubarak supporters" -- who, according to press reports, were clearly organized by the government, and many of whom were police or other government employees -- to physically attack peaceful anti-government protesters in Cairo's Tahrir Square.

The lead paragraph of the main New York Times article summarized what happened:

The Egyptian government struck back at its opponents on Wednesday, unleashing waves of pro-government provocateurs armed with clubs, stones, rocks and knives in and around Tahrir Square in a concerted effort to rout the protesters who have called for an end to President Hosni Mubarak's near-30-year rule.


Crucially, the U.S.-backed and U.S.-financed Egyptian military did not block the violence. The chronology on the Guardian's liveblog from Wednesday shows that the first report of government complicity in the violence at Tahrir Square came almost immediately:

12.19pm: "There is a fight of some kind of going on right in front of me. I'm assuming that it's pro and anti Mubarak supporters," Peter Beaumont reports from Tahrir Square.

The security services are just sitting on their tanks watching, he says. "You can't help feeling that it has all been heavily coordinated," he says. [my emphasis.]


Is the word "pogrom" appropriate to describe what happened yesterday in Cairo? There wasn't a significant ethnic component to the attack (although, the Guardian reported, "One pro-Mubarak supporter yelled 'liars and Jews' at journalists."). The scale of destruction wasn't anything like the most notorious pogroms of the late Tsarist period, although the word "pogrom" came into use in Tsarist Russia much earlier and originally described attacks in which few if any people were killed.

But there was a classic feature of pogroms in Tsarist Russia, which matches what happened yesterday in Cairo, and which wasn't captured by misleading headlines, that talked about "clashes between Mubarak supporters and anti-government protesters": complicity of authorities responsible for security with a premeditated attack by an armed mob against people who were not armed.

The Jewish Encyclopedia notes:

Soon after Alexander III. had ascended the throne, anti-Jewish riots (Pogromy) broke out... It was clear that the riots were premeditated... To give but one example -- a week before the pogrom of Kiev broke out, Von Hubbenet, chief of police of Kiev, warned some of his Jewish friends of the coming riots. Appeals to the authorities for protection were of no avail. [my emphasis.]


Why did the Egyptian military, which has been the recipient of billions of dollars in U.S. military aid, which is described in press reports as very close to the U.S. government, allow the attack on anti-government protesters to proceed? Where was the Obama administration? Why didn't they respond to appeals to stop the violence?

It's important to note in this regard that:

1. the violence went on for many hours;
2. the complicity of the U.S.-backed Egyptian military in the violence was immediately apparent to Western journalists at Tahrir Square, who reported what they were observing as it was happening;
3. because Western journalists were reporting live on the web, this information about the complicity of the Egyptian military in the violence was immediately available to anyone who wanted it;
4. U.S. officials have claimed that that they were monitoring the situation closely; a reasonable minimum standard for any U.S. official who claims to be "monitoring the situation closely" is that they know what Western journalists are reporting;
5. Anti-government protesters and others appealed immediately to the Egyptian military and to the Obama administration to stop the violence.

Some people would apparently have us believe that it was beyond the power of the Obama administration to stop the violence, because the leverage of the Obama administration on the Egyptian military was limited.

"Egypt street violence: Few options for Obama administration," the Christian Science Monitor reports.

The real story is this: There's a split in Washington, between people who are arguing that the U.S. should be prioritizing democracy and human rights, and people who are arguing that the U.S. should be prioritizing "geostrategic interests." (U.S. lawmakers differ on aid cutoff to Egypt, Reuters reports.) And the Obama administration is trying to triangulate between these two camps.

Of course, some folks are also arguing that people who care about "geostrategic interests," and can see past their nose, should realize that cooperating in trying to block democracy in Egypt could eventually lead to a much more anti-U.S. government than in promoting an orderly transition to a democratic government in which people who oppose specific U.S. policies in the region will have a voice -- rather than being imprisoned and tortured --- but will not be running the show by themselves.

The fake story -- that the U.S. is powerless -- doesn't pass the laugh test.

It is certainly, obviously true that the power of the U.S. is not infinite. It is certainly, obviously true that it is important to recognize the limits of U.S. power.

But if you ask me to reach down the jam from the high shelf, the fact that I am not infinitely tall is not really relevant, is it? The question is not whether I am infinitely tall. The question is whether I am tall enough to reach the high shelf. If I claim that I tried and failed to reach down the jam, wouldn't the fact that you never saw me anywhere near the shelf give you pause?

So far, the Obama administration has been spotted in the kitchen. But it has not been seen anywhere near the shelf.

The Monitor reports:

The Obama administration has already taken sides, expressing support for the "legitimate needs and grievances expressed by the Egyptian people," as Secretary of State Hillary Clinton puts it. It's promised - read "threatened" - a review of the $1.5 billion the US provides Egypt every year in foreign aid, most of that for military and other security programs.


Hooray! U.S. aid to Egypt is "under review." But U.S. aid to Egypt could stay "under review" for a thousand years. This was the response of the State Department to the coup in Honduras: U.S. aid was "under review," even though under U.S. law, U.S. aid should have been cut off immediately.

Here's how we will know that the Obama administration is starting to get serious, when it starts to do the following three things:

1) Making specific threats linking U.S. aid to particular outcomes, in this case, to the protection of peaceful protests.

2) Announcing the cutting or suspension of particular aid programs.

3) Canceling U.S. visas of specific Egyptian officials, for example, Egyptian officials linked to the violence.

How do we know that the U.S. could do this? We know this because in the past, these are levers that the U.S. has used when it was serious. In Honduras, belatedly, it used levers 2) and 3) in 2009. In Haiti, it used levers 1) and 3) recently, pressuring the Haitian government to adopt the recommendations of an OAS report on the disputed November election. That dubious intervention in Haiti -- the effect of that intervention was to ratify an election in which a quarter of eligible Haitian voters participated, and in which the most popular party in Haiti, that of deposed former President Aristide, was kept off the ballot -- was successful: the Haitian electoral council has now adopted the recommendations of the OAS report. Indeed, as the world was watching Egypt, Secretary of State Clinton was in Haiti, twisting the arms of Haitian officials.

I will pay $100 to any U.S. official, politician, analyst or pundit who opposes the use of these levers against the Mubarak regime, who can document that they opposed the recent use of these levers against the Haitian government.

When the Obama administration has 1) made specific threats to the Mubarak regime and the Egyptian military, linking U.S. aid to the protection of peaceful protests; 2) announced the cutting or suspension of particular aid programs; and 3) canceled the visas of Egyptian officials linked to violence, then I promise not to laugh when the Christian Science Monitor reports that the Obama administration has "few options."

You can ask U.S. officials to take action on 1) here.

 

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11:06 PM on 02/03/2011
Robert Fisk: Obama Administration Has Been Gutless and Cowardly in Dealing with the Mubarak Regime
http://www.democracynow.org/2011/2/3/robert_fisk_obama_administration_has_been
09:15 PM on 02/03/2011
Mr. Naiman, I have been reading your posts pretty consistently lately. I believe you give too much credit to the good intentions of the US administration. Your call to petition the administration to support the democratic uprising presupposes that the US administration really wants to help them, and just needs a push from the rest of us.

I think this analysis from Prof. Chomsky, recorded a couple of days ago on DemocracyNow! is more realistic. Chomsky says Obama is following the standard US playbook for what to do when your client dictator begins to lose his grip. You support him for as long as possible, and when it becomes clear that he will be overthrown by the people, you switch sides and proclaim that you have always been on the side of the people:
http://www.democracynow.org/2011/2/2/noam_chomsky_this_is_the_most

Then, you patiently work to undermine and subvert the new leadership, using all diplomatic and economic levers available, to bend the nation back to your will.
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RobertNaiman
Policy Director at Just Foreign Policy
11:46 PM on 02/03/2011
I don't presuppose­ the US "really wants to help." If the US already had best intentions, no need to lobby them. The US is balancing conflicting demands, one being that the US support democracy; I am trying to strengthen that demand, at the expense of the others.

I totally agree that the US policy has been to support folks like Mubarak as long as possible. But "as long as possible" isn't something fixed; it's something that moves under pressure, as has been spectacularly demonstrated in the last ten days in the case of Egypt. So the question is whether you want to sit on the sidelines and merely analyze, or jump into to the fray to help make "as long as possible" not quite so long as it was before...
12:37 AM on 02/04/2011
I am all for applying pressure, but Obama's administration has already told progressives very directly that he has nothing but contempt for them:

Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel called some progressives “f'ing retarded”...
WH Press Secretary Gibbs was similarly contemptuous, “They will be satisfied when we have Canadian health care and we’ve eliminated the Pentagon. That’s not reality,”
http://www.progressive.org/wx081010.html

I think it will take something on the scale of the Egyptian demonstrations, scaled up to US population and geography, to actually move any US administration. One of these days we will get there.
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AZreb
equal-opportunity Independent heathen
08:43 PM on 02/03/2011
Simple solution: get a bill through Congress that says we (the US) will no longer send aid in the form any arms, equipment to Egypt. No more training of their officers and troops, either. Why should we continue to support a dictator whose goons are attacking journalists, human rights personnel? Why should we support a dictator whose goon squads are killing and wounding the protestors who have been peaceful?

Even humanitarian aid should not be given to Egypt unless we can be sure that the aid goes to the people and is not hijacked by the government.
09:26 PM on 02/03/2011
If we the people had a say in US foreign policy, Egypt would not have been under the thumb of our pet dictators for the last half-century. But the US is nothing close to a democracy. The Egyptians know better than we Americans that the US has backed Mubarak for thirty years, and Sadat before him. They know full well that they are standing up to the United States when they stand up to Mubarak.

We in the US are moving ever closer to the day when our own desperation will force us into the streets. I hope when the time comes, we will show half the courage the people of Egypt are showing today.
07:22 PM on 02/03/2011
The Obama administration's overarching concern is the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty. I want a reporter to ask Gibbs, "How many Egyptians have to die before you can shift your viewpoint from seeing Egypt through the prism of its peace treaty to something that includes the Egyptian people themselves? 500? 1,000?"

Believe me. All US admininistrations are more attached to that treaty than any Arab public. The reason they're "catching up" in the White House is that they first have to process that there are Arab peoples and not just US alliances. They keep stumbling, because they have to adjust to this fact.
BraveWarrior
The truth will set you free, like it or not
02:46 AM on 02/04/2011
The treaty was unpopular, but people had no say in a dictatorship. The sealing of the border with Gaza was insult added to injury. The collaboration of the Mubarak regime with Israel to punish the Palestinians, and the pictures of the suffering after the massacre, deeply affected and enraged Egyptians, and the Arab street-watching the carnage on Al Jazzera, nightly. Egypt is the big prize, but the rest of the authoritarian client states risk similar unrest and extinction. The nations of the ME risk falling in succession, like the regimes in the Soviet bloc. Our ME foreign policy would be in shambles, and our prestige would fall-as our empire collapses. The US administration has to get it right, this time or risk all. People adapt to almost anything. Accepting life in a dictatorship is only tolerable as long as the regime can feed its people.
07:11 PM on 02/03/2011
Perhaps I am naive but how will Obama know which specific official is linked to violence ? Will that particular person outright admit to it or should Obama just guess/speculate ?

The other thing I just saw on the news is that so far anti Mubarak protesters in Cairo for example, amount to between 250,000 and perhaps $2 million. There are 8 million people living in Cairo. Is the majority (other 6 million not in the streets) also anti Mubarak? Should Obama then go with the minority or wait to see what the "majority" of the population wants? In America, it is the majority that counts. In America it is the majority that:
1. determines who becomes president
2. makes /passes laws

So what does the "majority" of the population say about Mubarak ? That is the question. Until this question is answered, Obama cannot be too aggressive about his policy to Mubarak.
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RobertNaiman
Policy Director at Just Foreign Policy
07:58 PM on 02/03/2011
How will Obama know which specific official was linked to violence: by investigation, including publicly available information, as in other cases, like Haiti. Does it bother you that the U.S. already did this in Haiti? We are talking here about the denial of a visa to the US, so while the determination should certainly be based on solid evidence, the standard does not have to be "proof beyond a reasonable doubt."

It's certainly true that just because there are massive protests, that doesn't necessarily tell you what majority opinion is on Mubarak. But you don't need to know what majority opinion is to call for peaceful protesters to be protected in a country that has received billions in US military aid; you don't need to know what majority opinion is to call for free and fair elections in a country that has received billions in US military aid. We don't know what majority opinion is: that's why there should be free and fair elections.
06:28 PM on 02/03/2011
I agree. Obama needs to come out and ask mobarak to step down NOW and condemn the violance. Enough is enough! The more violant this gets the more radical the regime that takes over afterwards and the more they hate the US.
07:32 PM on 02/03/2011
If Obama did that and Mubarak leaves tomorrow, who will run the country? His VP? Suppose the people don't accept him and demand he leaves. If he leaves in the next two days, please explain who will be running a country of 80 million people then? Who?
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piul05
Can I have a biscuit yet?
07:41 PM on 02/03/2011
That's the usual and tiring "instability" canard.

The opposition has already stated that they will accept Suleiman in a interim capacity, so that they can work together on a schedule for so real elections - that would also include the army. What they won't accept is Suleiman as Mubarak's puppet.

Mubarak has to go. Now.
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rmhopper3
06:19 PM on 02/03/2011
Dont guys like you get tired of fairy tales....there is not magic switch to throw. Even in the years after the Soviet Union when we were the lone surviving super power and unchallenged in the conventional sense with allies who loved us we couldnt dictate what other countries armies do
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RobertNaiman
Policy Director at Just Foreign Policy
08:02 PM on 02/03/2011
I will be satisfied with US policy when either 1) US policy has successfully helped establish a peaceful path to free and fair elections or 2) the US has done all it can do. Neither conditions is currently satisfied. I gave several examples of things that the US has not yet done, so 2) is not true.
BraveWarrior
The truth will set you free, like it or not
06:11 PM on 02/03/2011
The biggest threat to the Egyptian elites are the freezing of all their international bank accounts. Like the US has used on Iran. Mubarak's family has fled the country. No doubt they have taken looted funds from the people of Egypt. Some of those funds were American taxpayer aid. Why not leverage the threat to freeze and confiscate the assets of his family and all his cronies, in exchange for a promise to avoid prosecution for human rights abuses, and to leave the country immediately? We have seen the tone our diplomats take with foreign governments. Many of the Army officers were trained in US military schools, like the military coup leaders in Hondurus. They were in the US when the crisis began. While I understand that many are waiting to see the outcome, hedging their bets, the threat of future trials, and loss of assets might motivate them to defend their people in lieu of the government. Looks like the Obama overture to Islam is requiring action at this time. The emperor has no clothes that the world is witnessing. Who said that the revolution will not be televised. It is accelerated by the internet, and on prime time TV. Who thought we would be witnessing the fall of empire, in our lifetimes? Deliverance for the people of Gaza seems on the way, at long last. How ironic that Wall Street, not the Marxists have brought the empire down!
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RobertNaiman
Policy Director at Just Foreign Policy
08:04 PM on 02/03/2011
Yes, freezing or at least aggressively monitoring the assets of Mubarak, his family, and other officials is also a good idea. It was done with the Ben Ali clan.
11:53 AM on 02/04/2011
That was done by the UN. No country can force the banks of another to do anything. We can suggest it, even demand it, but we can't actually force them if they choose not to.
05:38 PM on 02/03/2011
He was wearing his cape and flying above the crowds making sure that not one incident of violence broke out. He is the President of the US not Superman, there is nothing that he cldve done that wldve prevented violence from breaking out. In case we have forgotten, revolutions are messy, violent and bloody. No logical person shld expect Mubarak to just pack up and go bcz the people he has ruled for 30 years wants him to leave. Mubarak is either going to beat down the protestors and prevail or the protestors are going beat him down and prevail.
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piul05
Can I have a biscuit yet?
05:59 PM on 02/03/2011
Nonsense.

Considerin­­g that the US can tell Mubarak to participat­­e in renditions­­, be a buffer for Israel and help isolate the Palestinia­­ns, in exchange for keeping him in power for 30 years, plus turning a blind eye to his despotic rule and looting of the public coffers, it can certainly tell Mubarak now that the 1.5 billion dollars AND the military gadgets will be suspended if he doesn't acquiesce to the demands of the Egyptian people.

Afraid of losing their funding, the army would probably talk him into giving in and leaving.

The question remains, however, whether President Obama has the political will to do so - I don't think he does - so, he stalls for time with flourished but vacuous words; meanwhile Mubarak is counting on this procrastin­­ation to rearrange the political chairs, get his revenge on protest leaders, dismantle the opposition and groom some acceptable face from his faction to put forward as the next "benign" dictator.

This latest charade will come back to haunt Washington once again, as their fondness for groupthink always results into some self-fulling prophecy.
06:06 PM on 02/03/2011
Obama is the one funding the army
Mubarak has already said he is going to resign
The question is will there be free and fair elections

Since Obama is the one funding the military, he actually has more say then pretty much anyone, including Mubarak
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BlackJAC
It's better to be a black king than a white knight
05:35 PM on 02/03/2011
Look up the phrase "Prime Directive" and say all that again.
BraveWarrior
The truth will set you free, like it or not
06:20 PM on 02/03/2011
Obama might solve his dilemma by offering political sanctuary to Mubarak and family, and tell the Egyptian people that he only did so to facilitate the end of the regime. That way all of our fearful dictators would know that we offer the same to them, should their people demand justice. We would be showing loyalty to both democracy/human rights, and to our current allies. But of course our foreign policies would have to change. Violence is probably unavoidable. The police state has tortured, murdered and intimidated the population for a long time. A new government will bring opportunities to pursue justice, and even revenge. After the protesters lost their fear of the police, the police developed fear for the people. Just like all bullies do.
11:30 PM on 02/03/2011
Be careful about advocating political sanctuary in the US. Remember the exiled Shah of Iran after his overthrow:
"On 22 October 1979, at the request of David Rockefeller, President Jimmy Carter reluctantly allowed the Shah into the United States to undergo surgical treatment...His prolonged stay in the U.S. was extremely unpopular with the revolutionary movement in Iran, which still resented the United States' overthrow of Prime Minister Mosaddeq and the years of support for the Shah's rule...There are claims that this resulted in the storming of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, and the kidnapping of American diplomats, military personnel and intelligence officers, which soon became known as the Iran hostage crisis."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi#Exile_and_death
05:24 PM on 02/03/2011
Useless post.
06:04 PM on 02/03/2011
quite the contrary
whereas most posts I've read here are useless, in that they do not actually advocate any specific policy, this one does. The United States funds the Egyptian military, a lot; you may have seen pictures of protesters holding up American made tear gas canisters for instance. By not stopping the aid, you are actively supporting the government over the protesters
11:55 AM on 02/04/2011
So you would like the government to tell private companies who they can and cannot sell their products to? If they were being made in a government owned facility with federal workers, fine, but these things are made and sold internationally by private companies.
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Manx
04:58 PM on 02/03/2011
Where was Obama in the midst of all the violence? He was doing what technocrats do, equivocating.
04:45 PM on 02/03/2011
great post Robert... thanks for the good work you are doing!!