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Robert Reich

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Restore the Basic Bargain

Posted: 11/28/11 09:34 PM ET

For most of the last century, the basic bargain at the heart of the American economy was that employers paid their workers enough to buy what American employers were selling.

That basic bargain created a virtuous cycle of higher living standards, more jobs, and better wages.

Back in 1914, Henry Ford announced he was paying workers on his Model T assembly line $5 a day -- three times what the typical factory employee earned at the time. The Wall Street Journal termed his action "an economic crime."

But Ford knew it was a cunning business move. The higher wage turned Ford's auto workers into customers who could afford to buy Model T's. In two years Ford's profits more than doubled.

That was then. Now, Ford Motor Company is paying its new hires half what it paid new employees a few years ago.

The basic bargain is over -- not only at Ford but all over the American economy.

New data from the Commerce Department shows employee pay is now down to the smallest share of the economy since the government began collecting wage and salary data in 1929.

Meanwhile, corporate profits now constitute the largest share of the economy since 1929.

1929, by the way, was the year of the Great Crash that ushered in the Great Depression.

In the years leading up to the Great Crash, most employers forgot Henry Ford's example. The wages of most American workers remained stagnant. The gains of economic growth went mainly into corporate profits and into the pockets of the very rich. American families maintained their standard of living by going deeper into debt. In 1929 the debt bubble popped.

Sound familiar? It should. The same thing happened in the years leading up to the crash of 2008.

The latest data on corporate profits and wages show we haven't learned the essential lesson of the two big economic crashes of the last 75 years: When the economy becomes too lopsided -- disproportionately benefiting corporate owners and top executives rather than average workers -- it tips over.

In other words, we're in trouble because the basic bargain has been broken.

Yet incredibly, some politicians think the best way to restart the nation's job engine is to make corporations even more profitable and the rich even richer -- reducing corporate taxes; cutting back on regulations protecting public health, worker safety, the environment, and small investors; and slashing taxes on the very rich.

These same politicians think average workers should have even less money in their pockets. They don't want to extend the payroll tax cut or unemployment benefits. And they want to make it harder for workers to form unions.

These politicians have reality upside down.

Corporations don't need more money. They have so much money right now they don't even know what to do with all of it. They're even buying back their own shares of stock. This is a bonanza for CEOs whose pay is tied to stock prices and it increases the wealth of other shareholders. But it doesn't create a single new job and it doesn't raise the wages of a single employee.

Nor do the wealthiest Americans need more money. The top 1 percent is already taking in more than 20 percent of total income -- the highest since the 1920s.

American businesses, including small-business owners, have no incentive to create new jobs because consumers (whose spending accounts for about 70 percent of the American economy) aren't spending enough. Consumers' after-tax incomes dropped in the second and third quarters of the year, the first back-to-back drops since 2009.

The recent small pickup in consumer spending has come out of their savings. Obviously this can't continue, and corporations know it. Consumer savings are already at their lowest level in four years.

Get it? Corporate profits are up right now largely because pay is down and companies aren't hiring. But this is a losing game even for corporations over the long term. Without enough American consumers, their profitable days are numbered.

After all, there's a limit to how much profit they can get out of cutting American payrolls or even selling abroad. European consumers are in no mood to buy. And most Asian economies, including China, are slowing.

We're in a vicious cycle. The only way out of it is to put more money into the pockets of average Americans. That means extending the payroll tax cut. And extending unemployment benefits.

Don't stop there. Create a WPA to get the long-term unemployed back to work. And a Civilian Conservation Corp to create jobs for young people.

Hire teachers for classrooms now overcrowded, and pay them enough to attract people who are talented as well as dedicated. Rebuild our pot-holed highways. Create a world-class infrastructure.

Pay for this by hiking taxes on millionaires.

A basic bargain was once at the heart of the American economy. It recognized that average workers are also consumers and that their paychecks keep the economy going.

We can't have a healthy economy until that bargain is restored.

Robert Reich is the author of Aftershock: The Next Economy and America's Future, now in bookstores. This post originally appeared at RobertReich.org.

 
 
 

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02:41 PM on 12/02/2011
If you have ever played Monopoly you know that game is over when all the properties are in the hands of one player. The economy is very much like that; if players can't engage and participate in the process they won't buy anything. Further, the wealth of everyone (including the rich) shrinks if there are no liquid markets for all asset types.
http://www.sciaticnervepainblog.com
07:46 PM on 12/02/2011
I have been saying this for years ... if not more ... totally agree, we have a group of people that have pushed everyone else down and get a kick out of just keeping the rest of Americans down, and they do not do a damn thing for anyone.
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ZeraLee
A Citizen's View from Main Street
01:22 PM on 12/03/2011
The great irony of Monopoly is that you win when you run out of customers. And things to buy.
In other words, you win by completely destroying the economy within the game. High-five!
02:12 PM on 12/02/2011
The American businessman has the following maxim: take care of the present and the future will take care of itself. They are like cows, putting one foot in front of another, moving to wherever the grass is greener, totally unaware of the flash flood approaching as they ruminate along the riverbed.
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SteveM39
No more Regressive Taxes!
04:48 PM on 12/01/2011
Corporations maximize profits. They don't care about the outcomes of those policies on society. So we make rules to protect society from the necessary evil that is capitalism. But when the capitalists take over the government and the judiciary and the media and even our moral value system, there is no voice left to stop them.

They have killed the goose that laid the golden eggs. Corporations are feeding off the carcass but soon they will have no gold and no meat left. All that will be left is to feed off themselves. Corporations will begin to fail and M&A activity will skyrocket. An ever smaller percentage of the super wealthy will survive. Economic Darwinism will drive the breed to extinction.

Be careful what you wish for Kochs, you may just get it and destroy the world.
07:48 PM on 12/02/2011
Sadly I think that is OK with them, they will just sell the country to China and Saudi Arabia and have the money to live off of while we basically get taken over. The American peolpe have to repudiate this debt, and stand up and rebel.
02:06 PM on 11/30/2011
The stranger was offering cash money for the old white horse that all us kids had learned to ride on. Grandad smiled and heard him out. The man went on and on saying, "I can still get some use out of him and you're not using him at all"
Finally the conversation ended when Grandad said, "I'm not keeping him for what he can do. I'm keeping him for what he did."

It's heart breaking that this should be an unknown concept to my country.
MThomasNC
Retired, Sassy, Senior Citizen
12:55 PM on 11/30/2011
Mr Reich, thanks for giving some perspective on how we got here, and that we've been here before. Sadly, our democrats have been co-opted by 'centrism' that has dogged the party since the 1960's when they killed our liberal and progressive leaders.

President Obama is operating out of that centrist mode. A mode that is politically right, not left. He was elected to move the 'ship of state' back to left of center. While it will take more than one term to affect this change, he failed to communicate or to create a narrative on what he is doing. GOP was able to capture the spotlight because 'race baiting' was the backdrop of all their messaging in 2009 and 2010. This riled up the base and corporate america via the media set up the tea party to shield their plan to further exploit the american people.

Bottom line is that corporations want a global wage structure where all workers hourly wages will be under $10 an hour with variances in some countries. I learned of this in 1982. The plans to accomplish this were to eliminate high paying jobs for middle class by: 1) bust unions in USA, 2) move manufacturing to 3rd world countries where labor cost is $1.00 a day, 3) increase automation in manufacturing, 4) merge companies to eliminate jobs, 5) cut taxes for corporations to move jobs overseas, and much more.

The Oligarchs, using 'free market' GOP have brought us to this hardship.
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BrianPK80
Wisdom is having more questions than answers.
06:43 PM on 11/30/2011
Good post. The article identifies some of these problems as well, but is written from a "how to fix America" angle without realizing that the global corporate state has no interest in fixing America. The more they can make it resemble a third world country, the better.
11:26 AM on 11/30/2011
1) A "WPA to get the long-term unemployed back to work. And a Civilian Conservation Corp to create jobs for young people." is good in theory, but if you seriously read up on the Great Depression it did very little to solve chronic unemployment.

2) Mr. Reich what part of broke don't you understand? We are so deep in debt that we simply do not have the money to embark on the grandiose public works plans you call for.

3) "Pay for this by hiking taxes on millionaires." is good in theory, but if you at the real numbers, not the feel good rhetoric, even if we were to illicitly seize 100% of the wealth of the top 1% or even 5%, we would still be in the fiscal toilet.
07:52 PM on 12/02/2011
You got your numbers mixed up. Something has to be done, so what do you suggest. Reich is suggesting investing in the country rather than let everything breakdown, something we cannot afford NOT to do whatever the cost. As far as the rich people what are you talking about as wealth? Income, wealth, property, IP, what? Lot's of people can come up for reasons not to do anything, but its clear something needs to be done - to me it is clear it needs to be along the lines of what Reich proposes.
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thejazz
I'll burn that bridge when I come to it.
10:00 AM on 11/30/2011
What is really going get corporations run over by the karma bus is when this current generation of high school and recent graduates, decide that happiness is more important than money. When the money is cut off, other things will make them happy, and the corps will be scrambling. The purpose of a corporation is to make profit, but looking at it on a quarter by quarter basis is not a recipe for long term sucess.
08:35 AM on 11/30/2011
Good lord Reich...

Nowhere in a corporate charter has it ever been written as a goal to "employ more people/americans".

Their goal is to generate a profit for their owners, period.
09:39 AM on 11/30/2011
Remember, Uncle Miltie Friedman said: The social responsibility of a corporation is to make profits.

Also remember the purpose of modern government is to regulate commerce to ensure social aims are achievable and the society is able to progress and provide for the needs of the people.
12:20 PM on 11/30/2011
Since when did the purpose of government become to regulate commerce to achieve social aims?

Please show me where it says that...
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humanbeing-rick
Born in the USA 1947
08:31 AM on 11/30/2011
The Wall Street Journal termed Henry Ford's action "an economic crime." - Yet it proved to be wise and massively successful until the neo-cons took over.
This goes to show that Wall Street Journal is no virtuous oracle either.
We need more Henry Ford's in America once again, to replace these selfish, short-sighted business leaders we have today!
04:48 AM on 11/30/2011
Past is prologue. Reich just gave us a history lesson about what works and what doesn't. Democrats need to get this message out...save the middle class...hammer it home. Then, even social conservatives will wake up to the reality that the GOP is not their friend.
11:53 PM on 11/29/2011
Invest in improving the opportunity of as many people as possible. That's Democracy in action.
11:05 PM on 11/29/2011
I would not pay workers anything.....the private sector would be a lot more profitable that way and then they economy would take off.
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Poppa70
Buddy Roemer 2012!!!
10:53 PM on 11/29/2011
Trickle down economics, tax cuts for the rich, globalization and outsourcing the jobs in this country for the past 30 years has not worked. Each party has decimated this country with free trade agreements that have only benefited the people that paid them the most. Buddy Roemer is the only person running for Pres that is against this unlimited Free Trade.
12:03 AM on 11/30/2011
Poppa70

You are right on about Roemet. Notice though that the media owners have blackballed him from sight of the US public. The owners of the media do not want his views heard by the public at large because it would mean less profits.
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TimeMaster
I see A, You see B, C is Correct
10:44 PM on 11/29/2011
If big businesses are not hiring then there should be more of a focus on the smaller and medium sized businesses to stimulate their growth and hiring. Make these businesses bigger and they will be the source of hiring in the future. There are no easy solutions or answers it just seems that the large mega-global-corporations holding onto cash are only protecting their interests and though they could hire, will still hold out since they can make due for a long time and weather any difficulties. The premise of the diminishing returns from those consumers in the U.S. may not play out in reality since those gainfully employed and spending money on luxuries will continue doing so until the companies they work for hit stressors such as new competitors that surprise them on their turf and take their profits. The bigger they are the slower they fall as they can absorb or mask issues for a while with productivity, price increases, etc. The problem will be ability to react and respond to external factors that they have not faced before from new or upcoming competitors that do better at innovating and building and growing new business opportunities.
09:17 PM on 11/29/2011
Mr. Reich - I love the principles you espouse and would follow you over the cliff any day, meaning if I had to live or die by someone's economic thinking, then by heaven it would be yours. Yet, I would ask this question (and I mean no disrespect, no hidden attack, just a question): Can you really model this approach sufficiently well to predict that these are more than likely the right solutions? Can this economy be modeled in such a way to make intelligent choices? Or is it just beyond any one man, beyond any one think tank, beyond any group of noble laureates to be able to make reasonable guidance for the economy. Are we arguing about the validity of any model or are we arguing about what we want the model to produce, i.e., my estate in a gated community with 30 second response time from emergency services. All alternatively, the maximum good for the maximum people. Is anyone modeling the economy sufficiently well that we could govern by it? Is this a utopian dream? In any case, thank-you sir!
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spinotter11
Spinning through life and trying to understand it.
11:01 PM on 11/29/2011
In my 64 years on earth, I have learned that people individually and in groups will do many things that it is impossible to predict. I just don't think that we have the data or computing power to model entire societies, whether politically or economically or in any way that reflects the reality.
sampson2
Gardener
08:50 AM on 11/30/2011
Very well stated questions and intelligently and respectfully put. F&F