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Robert Reich

Robert Reich

Posted: August 16, 2010 05:53 PM

The Truth About China As #2

What's Your Reaction:

It's official. China is now #2. Its economy (measured in nominal GDP for the second quarter) is now bigger than Japan's (according to numbers released today from the Japanese government). And at the rate it's growing, China could be the world's biggest economy in a little more than a decade (Goldman Sachs says by 2027, PricewaterhouseCoopers says by 2020).

Don't be misled by these numbers. The important thing isn't China's ranking, nor the total value of China's production, nor even the extraordinary speed by which China has reached #2.

What's most important is the share China's production received and consumed by the Chinese themselves. The problem is it continues to drop.

China has dozens of billionaires but the vast majority of the Chinese are still extremely poor. The typical Chinese lives off the equivalent of about $3,600 a year. That puts him behind workers in 126 other countries. (The typical Japanese earns the equivalent of about $39,000; the typical American, $46,400.)

Yes, Chinese employers are starting to respond to new-found demands of Chinese workers for higher wages. But Chinese wages are so meager relative to China's productive capacity that it would take a tsunami of labor agitation to push pay up to where it should be.

China is now the world's largest market for everything from cars to cell phones - but that's not because these items are within easy reach of the average Chinese. It's because, out of 1.3 billion people, a couple of hundred million can save enough to buy them.

If the wages and purchasing power of Chinese households continues to rise more slowly than China's capacity to produce goods and services -- more slowly than China's corporate profits and the government's share of national income -- we're all in trouble.

Think of China as a giant production machine that's growing 10 percent a year (this year, somewhat less). The machine sucks in more and more raw materials and components from rest of world -- it's now the world's #1 buyer of iron ore and copper, and close to the #1 importer of crude oil -- and spews out a growing mountain of stuff, along with huge environmental problems.

But because the Chinese consume a smaller and smaller proportion of this stuff, it has to be exported to consumers elsewhere (Europe, North America, Japan) to keep the Chinese working. Much of the money China earns by selling it around the world is reinvested in factories, roads, trains, and power plants that enlarge China's capacity to produce far more. Another big portion is lent to or invested in the rest of the world (helping to finance America's budget deficit at very low cost).

But this can't go on. China's workers won't allow it. Workers in other nations who are losing their jobs won't allow it, either.

The answer is not simply more labor agitation in China or an upward revaluation of China's currency relative to the dollar. The problem is bigger. All over the world, we're witnessing a growing gap between production and consumption, while the environment continues to degrade. The Chinese machine is fast heading for a breakdown only because it's growing fastest.

This post originally appeared at RobertReich.org.

 
 
 
 
 
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09:58 PM on 08/22/2010
Perhaps this is one reason why China is the biggest investor in America. When they need cash all they will need to do is cash in their bonds. Amazing how no one seems to be able to put two and two together any longer.
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Mikyung Lim
05:30 AM on 08/19/2010
I wonder whether Dr. Reich's statement of Chinese consumer is too simplistic. China appears to have huge dichotomy of economic development levels upon extreme urbanization/industrialization in cities while most rural areas suffer lack of infrastructure, industrial/employment sources, unimaginable poverty, resembling African poverty and starvation.

Chinese people in urban areas get along well with fast increasing wages, available modern appliances and lifestyles, the corresponding consumption. Chinese in urban areas or cities imitate lifestyles of people in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, or New York. While urbanization has been growing fast in China, it is the vast size of Chinese rural areas and their consumers’ extreme poverty, starvation that drag down the overall consumption level of Chinese consumers.

It will change over time depending on the speed of China’s urbanization/industrialization process.
China, in general, is extremely underdeveloped and have to undergo hell of industrialization process couttry-wide for Chinese’s individual average level of consumption to reach the level of other industrializing and industrialized countries. Although China now reached the #2 world economy status after the US, in terms of the level of economic growth or maturity, still the country is in the stage of early teenage level, I would say, which means unimaginable potential for further growth over prolonged period until next super power rises.

In terms of China’s production growth, it will also depend on the world market condition. During recession like this, world demand for Chinese goods either slows down or stagnates, which limit Chinese expansion of production.
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TimeMaster
I see A, You see B, C is Correct
11:22 PM on 08/18/2010
Good to see this article as the China growth indicator should be acknowledged as a factor in the U.S. economy for years to come. The pie is only so big, and what we have seen is that the U.S. has lost pieces of the manufacturing pie over the years and will not get it all back. We should keep our eyes open open as there will have to be some give-and-take somewhere to repair the holes in U.S. employment.

If you follow events surrounding the chinese company, FoxConn, the following article will be of interest (see link and excerpt below): http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-18/foxconn-to-increase-workforce-40-move-factories-after-spate-of-suicides.html

"Foxconn Technology Group plans to hire as many as 400,000 workers in China in the coming year and will build factories closer to employees’ homes after a spate of suicides at the maker of Apple Inc. iPhones and Dell Inc. computers.

The Taiwanese company aims to boost its China workforce to 1.2 million to 1.3 million people after revenue jumped 50 percent in the first half, Louis Woo, special assistant to the chief executive officer, said in an interview today."

The real threat is not a threat: Chinese workers appear to be just as disposable as American workers...Watch for the blame game to heat up as corporations are the same everywhere - it's profit, profit, profit.
04:44 PM on 08/18/2010
It's for real! China is going forward inexorably; it still has mich more room to grow because it's still well undeveloped. I know it's scary and inevitable. I don't think they want and will to take over the world(colonialism and hegemonism), but they do want to better their social conditions and national repute. So, don't be scared and outrageous about China's rising! Or, otherwise clumsily upsetting the Chinese sensibilities, people risk, as someone posted this riddle, getting mooned and released the Chinese gas on (in unison) by 1.4 billion Chinese. Now, that is a very, very troubling and traumatized thought! So, becareful people!
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vippy
Carpe Diem!
04:27 PM on 08/18/2010
Who did not see this "domino effect" coming?
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03:00 PM on 08/18/2010
Sounds alot like what our country is turning in to, also. Everyone needs to quit buying anything they don't need till jobs are brought back to our country where they belong to sustain our own economy and people.
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sposton
right to tell what they don't want to hear
12:25 PM on 08/18/2010
And the truth about the US of A can be found in today's FT titled "US matches Indian call centre costs":

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/0f6d8f76-aa29-11df-9367-00144feabdc0.html

Any comments?
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02:09 PM on 08/18/2010
And in no time they'll inherit all the problems that come with emulating the west. Corporations only consider themselves successful if they are growing which puts them in an endless cycle of gluttony - new markets, cheaper labor. They die via starvation - another corporation eats their lunch. And so our government has given them fiscal permission to starve our labor market but still eat up our consumer market. Killing us, and moving on to devour more economies, China, India, etc. India's white collar labor market is now getting expensive compared to original prices when offshoring and China's also seeing rising labor rates. On to the next country/countries.
As for call centers, they're limited to English speaking options as to where to move them. I hope you're not interpretting this as any kind of long term commitment to US workers.
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sposton
right to tell what they don't want to hear
02:44 PM on 08/18/2010
Yes, India's wages may be growing but the significant part here is that ours have been falling and making us more "competitive" with Indian wages.

Corporations never make any credible commitments to workers.
10:09 AM on 08/18/2010
PaPaPeng Posted:
2. If China would take care of its errant little nut in the attic (North Korea)

Have you ever considered why only the US is paranoid about NK. Most SKs aren't (paranoid ) and do still want reunification. The fly in the ointment is Israel doesn't give a damn. So professed White House belligerence against NK won't fly. Kim jr knows it. China too.

------------------------------------------------------------
Several observations:
1. I have no idea what connection you are making between Israel and North Korea, but I am always interested in an opinion. Please feel free to elaborate.

2. South Koreans are not at all anxious for re-unification. In theory it sounds nice, but the integration would be horrendously costly. They hope to put that all off to some date in the far future.

3. I am not sure why you think the US is the only paranoid state (your characterization) in the region. The Japanese, having seen a few missiles launched over them are less than sanguine about the topic.

4. North Korea is a geo-political wild card in the entire region. China has calculated that North Korea can muddle through without any major damage. North Korea is securely within China's sphere of influence. China has this ball. Let's all hope they do not fumble it.
10:04 PM on 08/19/2010
Well said. Korean reunification won't be cheap and easy, like Germany.
10:08 AM on 08/18/2010
Your assessment of the situation in China is excellent and obviously true. Anyone who has actually thought about what's happening realizes that China's growth is only sustained by a profound exploitation of its own population. Since China possesses comparatively little in the way of resources they can cultivate and sell, they have had to rely almost exclusively on their huge and cheap labor force to push their economy forward. This situation is unsustainable for a number of reasons including the morality of exploiting your own people, the necessity of having ever-growing markets in which to sell what you produce (your point) and the growing consciousness of poverty stricken Chinese workers who are coming to realize that they are producing all these things to bring wealth to a greedy upper class that has no concern for them and no respect for them. China will most likely fall harder than any country ever has faster than any country ever has. The only country that has ever gone from so high to so low in so short as time as this will take is.....oh yeah, China.
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sporty1
being me
08:51 AM on 08/18/2010
As Peter Falk said to a fellow detective in the movie "Murder by Death", when he kept claiming to be the #1 detective, Falk said "you look more like number 2"
02:30 AM on 08/18/2010
China's Capital Gain's tax = 0
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sporty1
being me
09:03 AM on 08/18/2010
How do you know that? Is that a Republican make-up? And you are just laying it out there with the implied follow it up "you figure it out". Like your point is so purely, basically true and obvious that the whole world will follow you like a dog sniffing a spoor because your cause is so true, making the complicated appears soooo simple. It implies the Democrats in power haven't a clue what they are doing and have unnecessarily imposed a tax on your beloved Capital Gains "get rich without even trying" scheme. That is obviously how you want to scan the system and buy some get-a-way where you can hide from the social nightmare the last Republican president left behind. "Vote for me and I will solve all your problems. I have simple easy solutions." When you get in power you just start stealing everything and becoming hugely fatly rich and screw up the country doing whatever you want by dint of your manipulative sophistry aimed at the same naive illiterates that you hoodwinked to get elected in the first place. Get this simplistic nonsense off of here and take it back to your tea party.
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sporty1
being me
09:05 AM on 08/18/2010
China's Capital Gain's (sic) tax = 55%
10:06 PM on 08/19/2010
Drat and double DRAT!

Those pesky FACTS get in the way of a good rant every time !


(Keep up the good work, sporty1)
02:05 AM on 08/18/2010
Tim Geithner VS. Alexander Hamilton. I think it's an interesting contrast. On the one hand, Hamilton is left with a certain "elitist" reputation amongst the Founding Fathers. He was even considered to be a bit of a Monarchist by some of his peers during the course of putting together the Constitution.

On the other hand, he was intensely interested in using the Federal government to better the business conditions in the US, which he considered necessary for the nation to grow and people to prosper. Far from being a populist, he still related to the needs of normal people coming into the US, and knew they needed a way to make a living and prosper. He considered that under the right conditions even less well off people could band together in order to produce goods and sales, and thus prosper and expand.

Timothy, on the other hand, considers that if the most wealthy in the country are not "disturbed" or get too excited, then they might "feel" like investing in their own well-being. (That is, if well being includes not driving through streets with no lights, no police, no schools and teachers, etc.) And he's got a point, because all of these people could just fly away, right? I mean, go to Canada or something?

Hamilton, for all of his royal attributes, promoted a balanced level of protectionism in the US, in order to develop industry. Geithner proposes...basically nothing.

The Chinese seem to know US history.
03:59 PM on 08/18/2010
Great Post. Hamilton is one of the most misunderstood founders and I believe his early death allowed his detractors to paint him in a unflattering light. He is chiefly responsible for the general welfare clause in the Constitution and seriously questioned slavery. Not exactly endearing qualities to the Aristocratic farmers of Virginia.

Even Jefferson did not follow his own rhetoric and did the very Hamiltonian LA purchase, the enduring legacy of his Presidency. If you read Jefferson, toward the end of his life, he says he was wrong, and has nothing but praise for the Hamilton system. I agree, Hamilton was no populist, but he is my favorite founder and you better believe the Chinese have studied and implemented a lot his policies, with the same profitable and expansive results.

A great and recent book about Hamilton, if you are interested.

Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow

http://www.amazon.com/Alexander-Hamilton-Ron-Chernow/dp/0143034758/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1282161001&sr=1-1
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10:35 PM on 08/18/2010
Right on with the similarities, Pacificus. Hamilton's U.S. trade policy was Mercantilism, just as in today's China.
02:34 PM on 08/19/2010
There are some articles that mention or discuss Hamilton at http://hnn.us/as well as a Spring 2010 article at the Journal of American Studies here:

http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?aid=7502656
01:28 AM on 08/18/2010
I have to confess, the knowledge I have of the average Chinese citizen in 21st century China is nil.

The "equivalent" salaries of $3600, $39,000 and $46000 seem half-baked at best. I know that in my world, the US, I make in the mid- $70's and I am scraping by and in debt. How does one live on $3600/year? Is this hand-to-mouth? The picture our corporate media feeds us about China is one of a grey, unquestioning mass of humanity, walking in lock step and grinding out junk for the world to buy. Is this $3600 heavily subsidized? Do they have national healthcare?

Their leadership we are told cannily plays the dupes that are our corporate elite, loaning them money to invest, yet holding a tight leash while our government slavishly begs for more cash. Someday, as the story goes, we will have pay the piper.

Is this the truth or more spin to confuse Americans about who is benefitting from the transaction?
10:08 PM on 08/19/2010
"Live" on $3,600 a year? No, no, no.

"Live" on $2,880 a year, and save $720 p.a.

There used to be free schools and healthcare, but now they have to be paid for.

The good news is that you have to make a whole lot more before you pay a dime in taxes.
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01:15 AM on 08/18/2010
It's a world phenomenon that China is rising back from over 200 years of external subjugations until 1947to take back its status as a force to reckon with. Yes, there had been previous empires, like Persia, that had their heights and lows in status then rise again, but the world was disconnected by many means. For China, time could not be better on its side in an age of globalization with all kinds of advancements to help it grab that dominance. Only China, maybe India before it was broken off, could ever claim to have the most subjects. With this great number of people, they have mastered self-sufficiency for centuries through frugality and creativeness all for survival and security. (So what China barrows or steals ideas from elsewhere. Indeed, the U.S. got its nuclear and space technology from Germany. No need to mention gun powder.) It's now evident why they're the world's best at saving money. They've had a tradition to do the most with the least. They are not hungry consumers as Americans whose society was systematized by the oligarchs to channel/funnel money through however they wanted for their sake. With this CONTRAST, one--China--is on the move, while the other--U.S.--is at the mercy of the ONE.
12:56 AM on 08/18/2010
At a time were our democracy has all but dissipated. Taken over by Big Media, Big Bankers and foreign control. This why we are on the rocks loosing our jobs and pensions.