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Robert Reich

Robert Reich

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The Wageless Recovery

Posted: 04/26/11 03:50 PM ET

This week's biggest economic show occurs tomorrow (Wednesday) when Fed chair Ben Bernanke steps in front of the cameras for the Fed's first-ever news conference. The question on everyone's mind: Will the Fed signal it's now more worried about inflation than recession?

Much of Wall Street thinks inflation is now the biggest threat to the U.S. economy. As has been the case in the past, the Street is dead wrong. The biggest threat is falling into another recession.

The most significant economic news from the first quarter of 2011 is the decline in real wages. That's unusual in a recovery, to say the least. But it's easily explained this time around. In order to keep the jobs they have, millions of Americans are accepting shrinking paychecks. If they've been fired, the only way they can land a new job is to accept even smaller ones.

The wage squeeze is putting most households in a double bind. Before the recession, they'd been able to pay the bills because they had two paychecks. Now, they're likely to have one-and-a half, or just one, and it's shrinking.

Add to this the continuing decline in the value of the biggest asset most people own - their homes -- and what do you get? Consumers who won't and can't buy enough to keep the economy going. That spells recession.

Why doesn't Wall Street get it? For one thing, because lenders always worry more about inflation than borrowers -- and, in general, the wealthier members of a society tend to lend their money to people who are poorer than they are.

But Wall Street's inflation fears are also being stoked by several specifics.

First are price upswings in food and energy. The Street doesn't seem to understand that when most peoples' wages are dropping, additional dollars they spend on groceries and at the gas pump means fewer dollars they have left to spend in the rest of the economy. Rather than cause inflation, this is likely to lead to more job losses.

The Street is also worried that the Fed's easy money policies are pushing the dollar down and thereby fueling inflation - as everything we buy abroad becomes more expensive. But if wages are stuck in the mud and everything we buy abroad costs more, Americans have even fewer dollars to spend. This also spells recession, not inflation.

Finally, the Street worries that if Democrats and Republicans fail to agree to a plan to cut the budget deficit, the credit-worthiness of the United States as a whole will be in jeopardy - causing interest rates to rocket and inflation to explode. Standard & Poors, the erstwhile credit-rating agency, has already sounded the alarm.

The Street has it backwards. Over the long term, the deficit does have to be tackled. But not now. When job growth remains tepid, when wages are dropping, and when the value of most households' major asset is declining, government has to step in to maintain overall demand.

This is the worst possible time to cut public spending or reduce the money supply.

The biggest irony is that the Street is doing wonderfully well right now, in contrast to most Americans. Corporate profits for the first quarter of the year are way up. That's largely because corporate payrolls are down.

Payrolls are down because big companies have been shifting much of their work abroad where business is booming. The Commerce Department recently reported that over the last decade American multinationals (essentially all large American corporations) eliminated 2.9 million American jobs while adding 2.4 million abroad.

What the Commerce Department didn't say is the pace is picking up. In 2000, 30 percent of GE's business was overseas and 46 percent of its employees; now 60 percent of its business is outside the U.S., as are 54 percent of its employees. Over the past five years, Oracle added twice as many workers overseas as in the US; 63 percent of its employees now work abroad.

Corporations are simultaneously finding ways to cut the pay of their remaining U.S. workers -- not just threatening job losses if they don't agree to the cuts, but also automating the work or sending it to non-union states. (The Wall Street Journal's editorial page, an unremittingly reliable barometer of Street thought, argued earlier this week that such states offer workers the freedom to choose whether to join a union -- in reality, the freedom to lose even more bargaining power and be forced to accept even lower wages.)

America's jobless recovery is becoming a wageless recovery. That puts the odds of another recession greater than the risk of inflation. Wall Street and its representatives in Washington don't understand -- or don't want to.


Robert Reich is the author of Aftershock: The Next Economy and America's Future, now in bookstores. This post originally appeared at RobertReich.org.

 
 
 
 
 
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LeftCoastEng
Obsessed with failed trade
11:07 PM on 04/29/2011
Mr Reich, once again you talk about our problems without admitting that the root cause of wage depression and outsourcing is our failed experiment with one-sided free trade policies. I know you were part of the Clinton administration who lied to the American people that NAFTA would be good for us. Maybe you have a guilty conscience? But admitting fault is the first step to redemption. Let's admit we screwed up and start taking steps to fix the problem. We need to start fighting back in the trade war that we are in and losing badly. Show some courage and start discussing some of the steps that Ian Fletcher, Leo Hindery, Warren Buffet, and others have suggested to re-balance our trade deficit and bring some sanity back to our trade policy.
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Peter007
09:58 AM on 05/02/2011
In 2007 the unemployment rate was 4.4 % and in April of 2010 it was close to 10%.
Not many jobs went overseas between these two dates.
If any.
02:13 PM on 05/02/2011
Unemployment was kept down (masked) by a debt-financed boom in housing and related industries. We lost about 5 million manufacturing jobs in the decade and had no net private sector job growth in the perod 2001-2010
06:30 PM on 04/29/2011
Robert,
For those of us in retirement what we don't want is inflation. What do you tell those that are on fixed incomes if inflation is allowed? Then more older people will have to enter the workforce thereby competing with younger workers who have not even got a 401K yet.

The Fed. needs to work on keeping the dollar strong. Seniors on social security and retirement savings need to keep their purchasing power where it is-not decrease it because of inflation.
01:56 PM on 04/30/2011
I am so tired of retired people referring to their income as "fixed". What it is is "guaranteed". That is definitely not true for the non-retired. Do you think working people don't care about inflation? Reich is correct(over and over agian) that the basic problem is lack of demand because most of the wealth created by workers is flowing to the top and not being spent on goods and services.
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Peter007
10:02 AM on 05/02/2011
The government is always picking winners and losers to win elections. Inflation helps the government class who's wages are tied to the inflation rate by law.
Inflation hurts retirees because it steals their savings just like a tax does.
Inflation is a method of wealth redistribution.
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TheTightwireGuy
Attempting to balance reason and passion
01:17 PM on 04/29/2011
"Payrolls are down because big companies have been shifting much of their work abroad where business is booming."

Consider this possible tax reform to "promote the general welfare": Set the "base" federal corporate income tax rate at 80%, but allow corporations to "earn" a reduction in that tax rate based on the ratio of the Social Security wages they pay to their domestic employees relative to their profits. The higher the ratio of Social Security wages to profits, which I'll call the social contribution rate, the lower the corporation's income tax rate.

This kind of tax rate incentive plan would be similar in principle to property or income tax abatements that municipalities give to businesses to encourage them to operate in their jurisdiction, but scaled up on a national level AND with the explicit structure to motivate domestic middle class employment. To be effective, firms should have the opportunity to earn a substantial tax rate abatement, say up to a 80% reduction in the corporate tax rate, if their social contribution rates are high enough (for example 200% or more).

Why is this idea something to consider at this juncture in our nation's history? Because it provides a framework for our national government to use corporate policy to define more clearly that our society values profitable corporate activity by how much it promotes the economic health of our DOMESTIC citizenry. In other words, its people. Because, summing it up, isn't that the overall purpose of our Constitution?
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Scott Fraley
12:52 PM on 04/29/2011
The Corporate plutocrats of America have us over the barrel. There's no way for the middle class to get a fair shake from our employers anymore -- and the game is rigged against mom & pop startups in nearly any industry. I think it's about time we form an angry mob to drag these wealthy new monarchs from their mansions and boil them in oil!
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Peter007
10:05 AM on 05/02/2011
Don Quixote

Attacking the windmills
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Scott Fraley
12:45 PM on 04/29/2011
Mr. Reich, I applaud you at your ability to make the same case with every new article. It's a shame no one that can change things appears to be listening. The Middle Class needs help. How that would manifest I'm not sure. But its apparent that no one in power cares about the human toll of their policies.
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stevendedalus3
12:01 PM on 04/28/2011
No one wants to say it: but sharing the wealth is key. Obscene profits,subsidies, self rewards among super white collars and willy-nilly, cryptic financial investments must end.
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Peter007
10:06 AM on 05/02/2011
Sure,,,,,,

Repeal the 5th Amendment.
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stevendedalus3
01:40 PM on 05/05/2011
There ought to be due process when it comes to unadulterated exploitation in the world, and protection from ourselves like purchasing iPhones while S.Jobs, China, Japan, Germany, and S.Korea get rich. Of course, there's no way to deny the cold reality of outsourcing but the continuance of extremely cheap labor worldwide is not 5thAmendment justice, nor democratic economics.
Linda from Deerfield
Paying attention
10:24 AM on 04/28/2011
I never believe that the Street is wrong -- I believe that they are lying. Think about it. If the most highly rewarded parties in our society are that stupid, repeatedly, then we are so doomed that it is difficult to contemplate.
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stevendedalus3
11:55 AM on 04/28/2011
Ala Warren Buffet!
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Scott Fraley
12:47 PM on 04/29/2011
I think you hit the nail on the head. They HAVE to know how their policies effect the rest of the nation. They probably just don't care. I think theres probably also a lot of insular groupthink amongst the wealthy moneylenders. They can look at profit margins which have been stellar, and conveniently ignore the human toll.
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JoeyDee2
I know what just passed here
10:12 AM on 04/28/2011
They don't want to understand. This is Poverty Engineering designed to eliminate the middle class. The "by-product" (or intended consequence) is that without a middle class, democracy is unsustainable, which is fine with the street. Back to aristocracy and peasantry. The Street is doing more harm to Americans than terrorists.
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Peter007
10:03 AM on 04/28/2011
The economy is expected to expand at an anemic 2-3% rate. That's enough to reflect a 2-3% population increase.
Unemployment is expected to decline slowly also.
With a stagnant economy, how can unemployment drop.?
Simple, the minimum wage is declining.
A 3 To 4% increase in the inflation rate, means a 3 to 4% decline in the minimum wage. As the minimum wage declines, the employment rate rises.
Conversely, as the minimum wage increases, unemployment rises.
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MajorKong
If the pilot's good, see, I mean if he's reeeally
09:56 AM on 04/28/2011
Not sure who they think is going to buy their stuff if nobody is making any money. But hey, they got their bonus for last quarter's stock price so who cares?
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Patriot86
Compassion is the basis of all morality.
10:18 AM on 04/28/2011
They make money betting against the US economy now they don't care one way or the other,
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imaginethat
07:43 PM on 04/28/2011
They are selling the goods overseas now so we no longer matter. As a matter of fact they look upon the masses as parasites now. How about those apples.
09:42 AM on 04/28/2011
What do you expect? Businesses are not social engines. They hire the best people for the job at the lowest possible price. American labor is not competitive given that framework, particularly for low skill jobs.

Got a solution, or just crying about it?
01:42 PM on 04/28/2011
You have an idealized view of the hiring process regarding the "best people for the job at the lowest possible price." There are plenty of people with experience and talent who go begging for jobs because they do not fill some esoteric criteria, like too old, too young, too white, too black, too male, too female, too whatever! Hiring is intensely personal and jobs are handed out all the time to those we like and those we think will fit in vs the strictly "objective" criteria of skills and experience.
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09:15 PM on 04/28/2011
Heh, too American.
06:22 PM on 04/28/2011
Allow me to explain what businesses won't tell you when it comes to hiring...

Too young = not enough experience often.
Too old = might have the experience, but expensive, particularly on the healthcare side
Race/Sex = means nothing if they think you are th ebest for the job.

The only criteria that matters is "Will your costs be less than your profit".
10:24 PM on 04/28/2011
So what do YOU suggest we do (as a country) with all the "unemployable" people?

Just asking.
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Bart DePalma
Bart DePalma
09:34 AM on 04/28/2011
"That puts the odds of another recession greater than the risk of inflation."

Actually, the Obama Administration is bringing us both. Stagflation anyone?

http://www.cnbc.com/id/42796520
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Forrester1
06:34 PM on 04/27/2011
And this comes as a surprise to whom? The only reason multi-nationals stay in the U.S. at all is to get the protection of our military overseas.
They could care less about our ideals, beliefs, or ethics as a nation. They don't give a rats *%^ about abortion, no money in it. BUt they need the support of that constituency to get their stooges elected. They manipulate the policy and regulation aspects of government. They have duped the non-racists in the Tea Party by claiming individual rights and constitutional adherence for their own self interest. Wait until they find out about how far property rights can go when taken to the nth degree.

This country needs an enema. People have to wake up and realize that some of these groups could care less about America. "Business" is one of them. The master's of marketing can spew all the mission statements they want, it's all BS. They needed to beat labor, so they shipped workers overseas. Less labor costs = more profit. As the artical points out, this trend is increasing.

We produce practically nothing in this country, and anyone concerned about national security should be very concerned. Time to reclaim America, the T-party rhetoric has it right. Too bad their political interests are so corrupted
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markie G
...all 6's, 7's + 9's
11:23 PM on 04/27/2011
excellent, forrester---esp the first paragraph
01:10 AM on 04/28/2011
X 2!!
09:43 AM on 04/28/2011
What part of this don't you people get? Businesses don't go into business to fulfill a national goal, priority, or subject. They go into business to make money plain and simple.
01:46 PM on 04/28/2011
But business doesn't exist in a vacuum - in order for it to survive it relies on the good will of its customers and employees to keep it going, to make is money.
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Forrester1
12:43 PM on 04/29/2011
I agree!
That's why we must prevent them from contributing to national politics, prevent them from contributing money to campaigns, prevent them from "engaging" regulatory agencies, and remove their legal status as :individuals".
06:16 PM on 04/27/2011
Prof. Reich has put his finger on the source of our economic problems: we have bought into the oldest of economic theories, the so-called 'trickle down' theory that has been around since the Stone Age. It posits that if the leaders are happy (and/or wealthy), the crumbs from their table will eventually spill down to the lower classes. This theory guarantees misery for those on the bottom and periodic 'adjustments' to the economy (recessions, depressions). Prof. Reich subscribes to the 'bubble up' theory, that has only been tried in a very few countries. It posits decent wages / salaries for all people who then buy what they need, thus stimulating the economy. Eventually, the rich will get their wealth in the form of mortgage payments, interest from loans, etc. Rational people - like Prof. Reich - will favor the latter of the two theories, because it works for all.
10:23 AM on 04/28/2011
If only there were more rational people of that mind set. We had a brief period of "bubbling up" in the 90's when it seemed like every other week a new company was started or went IPO, tech innovation was going on and employees were receiving stock options and getting better wages. Unfortunately there were also a lot of "junk" start-ups getting venture capital solely on the strength of their "techiness", but overall it was a much more optimistic decade (no war, communism dead, etc.).

As the president said yesterday morning, we have serious problems right now and we need to somehow get the country on a track to work together, but the views of conservatives and progressives are so diametrically opposed to each other, and there is so little willingness to compromise on the right, that I have little hope we will see a good outcome for the course we're currently on.
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imaginethat
07:55 PM on 04/28/2011
Well said and so right on. Just wish it wasn't so and we was on the trickle up course. Won't happen in my lifetime I'm already 66, and at this point in time I'm glad, I would not want to live a life time of this. :-(
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afairview
cheap energy, the best stimulus
04:32 PM on 04/27/2011
All these corporations that are making record profits by shipping jobs overseas and slashing jobs in the US while paying almost no taxes to the US govt. shouldn't be considered american corporations. I don't see them benefiting the bulk of the american people and they surely act like foreign corporations. There should be a formula to brand them, if they employ more people outside the US than inside, then they should be labeled foreign and the products they import into the US should be taxed as such. They are using local infrastructure, subsidies and tax benefits to create prosperity and jobs in other countries. There should be a balance to what they do.
09:44 AM on 04/28/2011
Again, you talk about they should benefit americans? Why? The goal of a business is to benefit the owners, no one else, period. If you don't like that business, don't do business with them, simple enough.
02:04 PM on 04/28/2011
Corporations have been declared "legal people" by the US Supreme Court. A person is expected to live by some sort of morals / system of values and ethics. The most basic is the Golden Rule. Not caring about the implosion of US jobs, home losses due to long-term unemployed people in foreclosure to mortgage banks bailed out by taxpayers etc = no evidence of corporate concern for others. Worship of the dollar is amoral. Time for an amendment to the US Constitution to strip corporations of the disastrous Citizens United case making them legal "persons."
02:12 PM on 04/28/2011
you are EXACTLY right, but why should our government provide them with tax breaks, subsidies, military protection, monopoly power, and political clout over consumer interests if they are doing nothing for Americans? It's our country, and we have a right (by voting and governance) to put in place policies that will secure the well being of Americans. The outrage is not over the fact big business isn't looking out for Americans, it's that the AMERICAN GOVERNMENT isn't either. Why should we continue to heap the benefits listed above on entities that have no interest in Americans when the resources and energy could be put towards helping citizens of this country?