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Robert Reich

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Why a Fair Economy Is Not Incompatible With Growth But Essential to It

Posted: 04/16/2012 2:25 pm

One of the most pernicious falsehoods you'll hear during the next seven months of political campaigning is there's a necessary tradeoff between fairness and economic growth. By this view, if we raise taxes on the wealthy the economy can't grow as fast.

Wrong. Taxes were far higher on top incomes in the three decades after World War II than they've been since. And the distribution of income was far more equal. Yet the American economy grew faster in those years than it's grown since tax rates on the top were slashed in 1981.

This wasn't a post-war aberration. Bill Clinton raised taxes on the wealthy in the 1990s, and the economy produced faster job growth and higher wages than it did after George W. Bush slashed taxes on the rich in his first term.

If you need more evidence, consider modern Germany, where taxes on the wealthy are much higher than they are here and the distribution of income is far more equal. But Germany's average annual growth has been faster than that in the United States.

You see, higher taxes on the wealthy can finance more investments in infrastructure, education, and health care -- which are vital to a productive workforce and to the economic prospects of the middle class.

Higher taxes on the wealthy also allow for lower taxes on the middle -- potentially restoring enough middle-class purchasing power to keep the economy growing. As we've seen in recent years, when disposable income is concentrated at the top, the middle class doesn't have enough money to boost the economy.

Finally, concentrated wealth can lead to speculative bubbles as the rich in the same limited class of assets -- whether gold, dotcoms, or real estate. And when these bubbles pop the entire economy suffers.

What we should have learned over the last half century is that growth doesn't trickle down from the top. It percolates upward from working people who are adequately educated, healthy, sufficiently rewarded, and who feel they have a fair chance to make it in America.

Fairness isn't incompatible with growth. It's necessary for it.

_________________________________
Robert Reich, one of the nation's leading experts on work and the economy, is Chancellor's Professor of Public Policy at the Goldman School of Public Policy at the University of California at Berkeley. He has served in three national administrations, most recently as secretary of labor under President Bill Clinton. Time Magazine has named him one of the ten most effective cabinet secretaries of the last century. He has written thirteen books, including his latest best-seller, "Aftershock: The Next Economy and America's Future;" "The Work of Nations," which has been translated into 22 languages; and his newest, an e-book, "Beyond Outrage." His syndicated columns, television appearances, and public radio commentaries reach millions of people each week. He is also a founding editor of the American Prospect magazine, and Chairman of the citizen's group Common Cause. His widely-read blog can be found at www.robertreich.org.
 
 
 

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One of the most pernicious falsehoods you'll hear during the next seven months of political campaigning is there's a necessary tradeoff between fairness and economic growth. By this view, if we raise ...
One of the most pernicious falsehoods you'll hear during the next seven months of political campaigning is there's a necessary tradeoff between fairness and economic growth. By this view, if we raise ...
 
 
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redonthehead
Winning trophies for my game face alone
02:59 PM on 04/17/2012
How about this idea, Obama paid 20% in tax. How about we lower everyone's tax to match him?
09:56 AM on 04/17/2012
You know for an educated, economist he should know better than to recite the facts about Bush's cutting taxes and Clinton's term profiting from said tax cuts and a booming economy.

I'll illustrate if I may. The economy is an air craft carrier (relatively speaking of course) Bush turns the rudder, depending upon the speed the aircraft carrier, it may take a mile to turn around and reverse course. Similarly a small ski boat (small company/entrepreneur) may make a decision and he can turn his boat around in 20-100’ at top speed 10-50 mph. The analogy is decisions today may take years for the outcome to be realized.

The economy is not like a light switch that Clinton or any president can just switch on and the lights come on full brightness. He knows better, but he can’t overcome his socialistic tendencies.

Now the German’s aren’t falling over wanting to pay taxes but they have a business structure that puts Union representatives on the boards of corporations. They get to see what impact their contracts have on the bottom lines of said companies, both in wages and benefits. Why do you think they were going on strike when the work weeks were being extended back to 40-hour work weeks. See attached link for history.
http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/1997/09/feature/de9709127f.htm
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ez14livin
11:12 AM on 04/17/2012
Clinton's said tax cuts?

what are you talking about?
11:38 AM on 04/17/2012
You guys always give clinton credit for retiring the debt, and a booming economy. Read, read, read.
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09:19 AM on 04/17/2012
The surest prediction in politics is that ANY tax that starts by hitting the rich ends up hitting the middle class because that is where the real money is. The Alternative Minimum Tax that first became law in 1969 was supposed to make sure that millionaires pay their "fair share." The top AMT rate is now 28%. But the AMT has added new complexity to the tax code and ensnaring more and more middle-class families because it has not been adjusted for INFLATION.

The White House claims that any first step to tax reform will ensure that the "rich don't take advantage of tax breaks or structure their affairs to pay less taxes." Huh?

The century-long history of the federal income tax teaches us one lesson over and over: The higher the tax rates, the more LOOPHOLES CONGRESS inserts as a way around those rates. LOOPHOLES created by CONGRESS is why the government collected roughly as much tax revenue as a share of GDP when the top tax rate was 70% in the 1970s as it did when the rate fell to 28% in 1986.

When will this administration proposes a real economic plan for tax reform? We certainly need one.
redonthehead
Winning trophies for my game face alone
09:13 AM on 04/17/2012
I love this word "fairness". What does that mean exactly? I have two cars. Others have none. Should they be able to come take one of mine? That's stealing. My neighbor has more money than I do, should I be able to go take some of his so that it's fair? That's stealing. If the government takes my neighbors money and spends it on me that's somehow not stealing?

The top 10% pay 70% of the taxes while earning 45% of the income. The bottom 50% don't pay income taxes. The top are paying their fair share. The problem isn't revenue. Spending has gone up nearly 100% in the last decade. Government spending comprises a larger and larger percentage of our economy. Liberals like Reich won't be happy until all spending is government and the private sector is eliminated. Thanks but no thanks.

Please leave the class warfare out of it.
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ez14livin
09:51 AM on 04/17/2012
Please...

provide one or two names of American citizens you consider to be PARAGONS of capitalist virtues. these people must be self-made millionaires (or beyond); they cannot have inherited their wealth and they cannot be politicians

if you cannot even do that, then all of your blather about class warfare is simply kool-aid propaganda
10:49 AM on 04/17/2012
Keith Busse, Ian Rolland, Jeff Ruffulo, Bill Gates, Micheal Dell, Manoj Bhargava, etc, etc, I could go on but i think you get the idea.

And we are in little old Indiana.
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joefrom de
"The road to success is always under construction.
08:55 AM on 04/17/2012
Watching Joe Scarbourgh this AM and Rep. Peter King said that the Republicans stopped the "Buffet Rule" from becoming law because (paraphrase) "the American public knew that this was a purely political move and didn't approve of this law." Reminded that a poll showed that 72% of voters wanted this to pass, including 58% of Republican voters, Rep. King did not respond. I guess he could not think of a lie within the 10 seconds that he had to refute this. Remember, Republicans wanted to repeal the ACA because the majority of voters were against it (52%). Majority rules only seems to make sense to Republicans when the voters are on their side of an issue. Our Senators and Reps should be ashamed of themselves for constantly ignoring the will of the majority to pander to the wealthy minority.
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Kauia
09:52 AM on 04/17/2012
Problem is that the so called Buffet Rule is just a slogan. I've searched the internet and can not find any proposed version of the tax code which makes sense. Apparently, it might be similar to the AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax) and apply to those who earn (adjusted gross?) more than 1 million dollars in any tax year. It would appear that very high earners would adjust their returns (donations et al) such that their income would not be subject to this hypothetical Buffet rule. Given that the AMT was a tax code disaster, the Buffet rule appears to be nothing more than a campaign gimmick pandering to the 99%. Obama is in serious danger of losing the support of progressive Democrats who are now questioning his competency, i.e., Constitutional lawyer credentials, behind the Affordable Care Act.
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joefrom de
"The road to success is always under construction.
12:09 PM on 04/17/2012
Here is the link for the bill as written--not a slogan but a real bill. Whether or not it makes any sense I guess would depend on what you make of the tax. 72% of the general population is for the law. My point was that the Republicans only care about the majority position when it is in their favor. BTW the bill does address the charitable donations as a write off.
http://philanthropy.com/items/biz/pdf/buffett_rule_legistlation.pdf
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MarcDel
What a child should never see
08:35 AM on 04/17/2012
I think reference to purchasing power is a lost cause. American corporations are now multinational and have less concern about US purchasing power when they can rely on customers in emerging markets. I think that has contributed greatly to corporations having little interest in paying taxes and less interest in US consumers. They are more interested in cheap labor so they can reduce costs and sell more to poorer consumers worldwide than in retaining the middle class in the US
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wtg246
08:07 AM on 04/17/2012
When businesses were interviewed on the Nightly Business Report and asked if govt legislation was holding them back from hiring they said no. What get's them to hire are people walking thru their doors making purchases. Anyone notice that restaurants are starting to fill up again and when you go to the mall it isn't just people walking the mall - there are packages in hand. Why? As our manufacturing sector continues to expand those paychecks come back into communities - and creates more jobs. Exports are also on track to have doubled by 2014 thanks to better trade agreements made by this administration. The 100% write offs for businesses investing in machinery and equipment IN THIS COUNTRY passed by dems and the president also helped. This is what works - not the gop's legislation of 2005 that taxed overseas profits at 5% saying it creates jobs; and they are fighting to bring this back. Trickle down became trickled on. It doesn't work.
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jmounday
Don't believe anything you read below
07:32 AM on 04/17/2012
Who has ignored the crys of our failed k-12 education system?Teachers union lobby?
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deathbysloth
© 1986: The Bubble Bursting Society Of America
07:12 AM on 04/17/2012
It seems the deficit in infrastructure spending can be almost directly correlated with the increasing amount of money not collected in taxes over the last couple of decades. The one thing I think we can all agree on is that the wealthiest have not been privately funding pot-hole repairs.
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wtg246
08:13 AM on 04/17/2012
I agree. And there have been documentaries on oil corporations saying their headquarters are in another country to avoid paying taxes here, when their top executives are still in this country. All those trucks using our highways and bridges and yet they don't feel they should pay their share? The gop's treatment of oil companies is "ask and you shall receive". More tax dollars at the expense of working families. So after they gouge us at the pumps, we can also take a portion of our paychecks to pay for roads and bridges they use, fire companies to put out their fires, and a coast guard for oil spills. When is this going to stop? Not until republicans are voted out.
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DARK STAR
One small step for Man...
06:17 AM on 04/17/2012
Bob, why not mention Germany's labor is 25% organized, a huge percentage compared to the USA?

Why not mention that Germany provides nationalized health care too?

The fact is that the worker and the average citizen are told they suck and they are shamed enough to believe it. The daily dose of propaganda, religion and fear are used on our own citizenry, when will it end?
S M V
Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses
08:38 AM on 04/17/2012
All of those things have existed for decades in Germany and their growth rate was tiny. The German economy did not start to grow until they took serious steps to make it easier to hire and fire people. The have focused for the last decade on making their labor rules more flexable.

The reward - Economic growth.
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janmB
loves life
09:46 AM on 04/17/2012
Another big factor in the continuing growth of the German economy is that during the Great Recession German workers never saw layoffs or significant reductions in pay. This is because all German corporations are required to have a board of directors comprised 50% of workers, and that during the financial crisis the German government filled in the pay gaps of workers working fewer hours. Thus demand never dropped in the German economy, because workers always had a good paycheck, and so their economy continues to be robust.
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janmB
loves life
05:43 AM on 04/17/2012
"Growth doesn't trickle down from the top." Republicans talk about job creation, about preserving family farms and defending small businesses, and reforming Medicare and Social Security. But almost without exception, every proposal put forth by GOP lawmakers and presidential candidates is intended to preserve or expand tax privileges for the wealthiest Americans.
S M V
Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses
09:32 AM on 04/17/2012
Allowing innovators and developers to capture the benefits of their innovation is very important to motivate further innovation. Rewarding the current rich is not the real point. The point is to reward and motivate future innovation that is crutial to continued economic growth.

The fact that Apple is so succesful and profitable encourages competition that will drive down costs and encourage improvements.
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Kai-HK
Don't Share My Wealth! Share My Work Ethic!
03:52 AM on 04/17/2012
Mr. Reich:

You state, ‘Wrong. Taxes were far higher on top incomes in the three decades after World War II than they've been since. And the distribution of income was far more equal.’

That statement belies a facile understanding of that period of our economy. True taxes were higher, but was that time a much more fair time and was our good economic fortune not hindered by those taxes?

If anything….

a) It was a much more unfair time, with blacks and women not accorded a ‘fair’ place in the workforce.
b) The poverty rate in the 1950’s was in the low 20 percentile.
c) Not many people owned stock in their companies or were even given the opportunity to buy stock
d) Wealth inequality was higher, and income inequality was no less high
e) Marginal tax rates may have been higher but tax revenue was no higher, meaning taxable activity was less. If anything subsequent tax cuts over the decades yet near constant normalized tax revenue vindicates the laffer curve.
f) Were those good times due to higher taxes or due to almost all other major economies under ruin or under the thumb of communism. Can we apply the same tax rates from then to a more competitive world today without ramifications?
g) Those higher taxes did not mean that the poor had it better, they paid higher taxes also and they had less transfer payments from the government as well as lower standards of living.

Kai
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janmB
loves life
05:46 AM on 04/17/2012
FACT that people who graduated high-school in the 50's and college in the early 60's of middle class.....accummulated more wealth by the time they were 40 or 50 years old then their children have today. They paid higher taxes.....didn't GRIPE about it either the way some moan and groan today.
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myakkakat
Compromise is not a 4 Letter Word
06:18 AM on 04/17/2012
Moan and groan? One party in this country wants you to believe the world will come to an end if taxes are raised even 1%! They don't seem to comprehend that even when tax rates were at 70% there were still RICH people. There weren't as many unemployed or poor people. We had a lot less people on welfare too.
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Kai-HK
Don't Share My Wealth! Share My Work Ethic!
09:30 PM on 04/17/2012
janmB:

You state, ‘FACT that people who graduated high-school in the 50's and college in the early 60's of middle class.....accumulated more wealth by the time they were 40 or 50 years old then their children have today.’

That may be true but that is due to personal consumption preferences between the generations. What we do know is that studies confirm 81% of children are better off than their parents were economically.

http://www.economicmobility.org/assets/pdfs/Family_Structure.pdf

So note to recent generations, save more and spend less. Live like previous generation since real wealth is based on savings and investment, not spending, borrowing and consumption.

Kai
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Thordeer
Greed has won over principle.
02:15 AM on 04/17/2012
If any of you has the 15 minutes to spare, the TED talk by Richard Wilkinson on why inequality is bad for society--and has had devastating consequences in the US--is indispensable:

http://www.ted.com/talks/richard_wilkinson.html
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Roosevelt Democrat
12:47 AM on 04/17/2012
I have admittedly an artificial means to a world wide fair economy.

“We need a law that anything possible to be made in the U.S. and is sold here; that 10% of that item be made in the U.S.

This law should not be limited to manufactured products but include things like raw materials also. To avoid the rare earth metals trap we all found ourselves.

For no other reason than for national security reasons. National security for all nations.

If you are making 10% of a product you have the brain trust to make the other 90%.

Maintaining 10% of a market for national interest is a good thing.

Imagine what the unemployment rate would be if we had manufacturing jobs for a third of the 35% of workers that lost their jobs after we gave China Permanent Most Favored Trade Status? Remember manufacturing jobs create dozens of other support jobs.

It is not only in our national security interest to have such a law bit our economic interest also!

All nations should have that kind of security!
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Avak
I think, therefore I am liberal
12:43 AM on 04/17/2012
For years, the right-wing battle cry has been, "The rich are the job creators!" They seem to still buy into the notion that people on the top deserve and need abundant wealth so that they can create jobs for the rest of us.

But what have we seen happen? We've seen those at the top collect more and more profits, and as their wealth has increased, rather than create more jobs, they have expected fewer workers to do more work for less pay. And then they've exported the remaining jobs overseas, as labor outside of the US is far cheaper for them, and such moves allow them to rake in more and more profit. They don't want to "trickle down" -- they want to collect and hoard.

What they seem to be missing is that there will be no one to buy their products if everyone in the middle and lower classes is broke. An economy needs a thriving middle class in order to function. That is what creates jobs, and that is what creates a strong economy.

Under trickle-down economics, the entire system will eventually collapse because only those at the top will actually be able to participate in it. The harsh reality that they don't seem to grasp is that the top of the pyramid will crumble, too, when its foundation gives out.
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ez14livin
09:27 AM on 04/17/2012
we are the land of the red herring, unfortunately both parties are to blame

i remember in the 90's anytime there was an issue of substance being debated, media focus (and this is before the internet and 24/7 cable punditry) would be diverted to such issues as southern states still having the confederate cross in their flags

it is time that EVERYONE, from tea party supporters to OWS demonstrators insist that ALL candidates answer questions in regard to the long term health of this country -

starting with campaign finance reform - people on BOTH sides of the issues can agree that the system is broken and the rules need to be changed, but unless BOTH sides agree that whoever is running for office agrees to fight IMMEDIATELY for this reform, nothing will happen and the "new" boss will simply morph into the "old" boss