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Robert Reich

Robert Reich

Posted: August 2, 2010 04:11 PM

The economy is slouching backward because consumers can't and won't spend enough to revive it. Congress is about to recess for the summer without doing anything to fill the gap. And it looks like the only issue it will be debating when it returns is who, if anyone, should pay more taxes next year -- just the very rich, everyone, or no one? The cuts enacted by George W. Bush will expire in January, and with midterm election pending in November we're about to be treated to months of tax demagoguery.

Here's a guide to the perplexed.

From a strictly economic standpoint -- as if economics had anything to do with this -- it makes sense to preserve the Bush tax cuts at least through 2011 for the middle class. There's no way consumers -- who comprise 70 percent of the economy -- will start buying again if their federal income taxes rise while they're still struggling to repay their debts, they can't borrow more, can no longer use their homes as ATMs, and they're worried about keeping their jobs.

But the same logic doesn't apply to people at the top, earning over $250K, who represent roughly 2 percent of tax filers. Restoring their marginal tax rates to what they were during the Clinton administration (36 and 39 percent) won't inhibit their spending. That's because they already save a large portion of what they earn, and already spend what they want to spend. (During the Clinton years the economy created 22 million net new jobs and unemployment dropped to 4 percent.)

But restoring those top marginal tax rates will help bring down the long-term debt, pulling in almost a trillion dollars of revenues over next ten years. That's not nearly enough to make a major dent in the nation's projected deficits, but it's not chicken feed either. It would at least signal to financial markets we're serious about cutting that long-term deficit -- and the rest of us will chip in when the economy strengthens.

So-called supply-side economists don't like raising taxes on anyone, of course, and argue that raising them on the well-off will slow economic growth. They say people at the top will have less incentive to work hard, invest, and invent.

Unfortunately for supply-siders, history has proven them wrong again and again. During almost three decades spanning 1951 to 1980, when America's top marginal tax rate was between 70 and 92 percent, the nation's average annual growth was 3.7 percent. But between 1983 and start of the Great Recession, when the top rate was far lower -- ranging between 35 and 39 percent -- the economy grew an average of just 3 percent per year. Supply-siders are fond of claiming that Ronald Reagan's 1981 cuts caused the 1980s economic boom. In fact, that boom followed Reagan's 1982 tax increase. The 1990s boom likewise was not the result of a tax cut; it came in the wake of Bill Clinton's 1993 tax increase.

A final reason for allowing the Bush tax cut to expire for people at the top is the most basic of all. Although Wall Street's excesses were the proximate cause of the Great Recession, its fundamental cause lay in the nation's widening inequality. For many years, most of the gains of economic growth in America have been going to the top -- leaving the nation's vast middle class with a shrinking portion of total income. (In the 1970s, the top 1 percent received 8 to 9 percent of total income, but thereafter income concentrated so rapidly that by 2007 the top received 23.5 percent of the total.) The only way most Americans could continue to buy most of what they produced was by borrowing. But now that the debt bubble has burst -- as it inevitably would -- the underlying problem has reemerged.

Why make it worse? George W. Bush's 2001 tax cut was a huge windfall for the wealthy. About 40 percent of its benefits went to the tiny sliver of Americans earning over $500,000. So rather than debate whether to end the Bush tax cuts for the top and restore the top marginal tax rates to where they were under Bill Clinton, we should be debating whether to raise the highest marginal tax rate higher than it was under Bill Clinton and use the proceeds to give the middle class a permanent tax cut.

I'm not suggesting this, mind you, but just to get the debate started: How about restoring the top rate to where it was under John F. Kennedy (76 percent), or under Dwight Eisenhower (91 percent)?

This post originally appeared at RobertReich.org.

 
 
 
 
 
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Joe The Nerd Ferraro
Group IQ is inversely proportional to group size.
09:25 AM on 08/09/2010
Mr. Reich,
The problem is you took so long to explain your case, while cogent and strong, all our eyes have a great donut glaze over them. We are not using language properly.

If you want this idea to take off, RePhrase and resubmit as the

The Bush Deficit Bomb.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joe-the-nerd-ferraro/greed-motivation-and-the_b_665576.html
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04:53 PM on 08/06/2010
You know what we need?

More tax cuts for the rich, and more tax incentives for corporate manufacturing companies to ship jobs overseas.

Then all the private equity firms (like the one Mitt Romney used to run) can buy up MORE American businesses, saddle them with debt, dismantle them, and sell the manufacturing rights to various products to Asian companies.

Then, as stated in the the sound economic theory deemed "Supply Side" (Trickle Down, or as I call it; P!$$ on the working class), all of the capital and "disposable income" will be willingly injected back into the economy, creating jobs and ushering in an era of abundance, just like the 80's and the 20's!

There's no way the richest of the rich (especially trans-national corporations with no allegiance to the United States) will hoard their money, or try to hide it in offshore tax shelters. It's also unlikely that they will use their their immense influence over the political system to bring about a series of deregulatory legislation that will completely dissolve any oversight whilst they gamble with trillions of dollars on the stock market!

It's fool proof!

Why can't people understand that?
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SGlitz
Independent and Proud of it
10:00 AM on 08/06/2010
Whereas the expiration of these cuts will cause a massive tax rate increase for almost all working Americans, including those in the:

* 35% bracket which will increase to 39.6%
* 33% bracket which will increase to 36%
* 28% bracket which will increase to 31%
* 25% bracket which will increase to 28%
* 10% and 15% will condense to 15%

Know many in the 10% bracket that are "rich"?? And when there taxes go up 50% I'm sure that will be Bush's fault also.. :/
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SamEllison
I feel so clean!
08:26 PM on 08/06/2010
You don't know how the tax system works do you?
05:40 PM on 08/15/2010
That's the point, sir/madame! Democrats propose to let the cuts expire ONLY for that top bracket. Everyone else will stay the same for now until the economy improves. That is, 98% will KEEP the cuts.
09:13 AM on 08/06/2010
I can't see how telling someone that at a certain point, if they may more money, then 91% of it will be taken away doesn't discourage further effort. If I made $100/hr until I had attained a certain amount and then $10/hour after that it doesn't take much to figure out when I'm going to call it a day.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Vote2bfree
03:29 PM on 08/05/2010
I was listening to Rush Limbaugh yesterday (yeah I know) and a caller with a very heavy southern accent calls in to apologize to Rush for Obama wanting to let Bush's tax cuts expire causing Rush to pay more taxes. He said that he realized that it was people like Rush, the wealthy, that gave the rest of us jobs and he hated for the Government to punish them for their success. My thought was, hey how about Rush being happy to pay taxes to the greatest country on earth that gives an opportunity to a no educated, low class lout like himself the ability to get rich because his callers are naive, dumb or ignornant enough to believe what he dishes out. Rush if the south ever comes into the 21rst century or even the 20th century, you won't have a job.
01:27 PM on 08/05/2010
The best thing for me would be Congress to adopt the highest tax rates possible....say 94%. And then doing away with the income limit on paying social security taxes followed by a means testing to collect social security payments.

At that point, I will join the growing ranks of former US citizens.

The decision to leave will just get a whole easier..
03:25 PM on 08/05/2010
In other words, it'd be a win/win/.
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HUFFPOST PUNDIT
novo organon
11:47 AM on 08/05/2010
Geithner has finally seen the light. I would suggest he demand a refund from his Ivy League Establishment Borg Indoctrination Factory.
11:43 AM on 08/05/2010
If only real facts were allowed to be discussed with the right, then they might have do accept reality instead of their convienent myths. Great article
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SGlitz
Independent and Proud of it
10:01 AM on 08/06/2010
If only real facts were allowed to be discussed with the LEFT, then they might have do accept reality instead of their convienent myths.
10:19 AM on 08/05/2010
For those who think the poor are wanting to take from the rich.

http://www.lcurve.org/

The US population is represented along the length of the football field, arranged in order of income.

Median US family income (the family at the 50 yard line) is ~$40,000 (a stack of $100 bills 1.6 inches high.) --

The family on the 95 yard line earns about $100,000 per year, a stack of $100 bills about 4 inches high.

-- At the 99 yard line the income is about $300,000, a stack of $100 bills about a foot high.

-- The curve reaches $1 million (a 40 inch high stack of $100 bills) one foot from the goal line.

-- From there it keeps going up...it goes up 50 km (~30 miles) on this scale!

Does it make sense from looking at this graph that we have to cut social services and unemployment to balance our deficit?

We wouldn’t even have to increase taxes on the rich to put the country in the green. Just do to them what they want to do to us.

"Take the Rich Off Welfare", Zepezauer and Naiman
"If you cut 26 percent of the welfare now given to the rich you have instantly balanced the budget." "If you cut out wealthfare, you could pay off the national debt in 11 years."

Are we to think that the gains of the top 398 or 400 taxpayers are proportionate to their economic contributions?
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farmilyman
everything is illusion
09:45 AM on 08/05/2010
If it weren't for the richest 2%, how would the poorest 98% be controlled?........so they need their tax break.
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SGlitz
Independent and Proud of it
10:03 AM on 08/06/2010
When the Bush cuts expire, income tax rates will rise by 10 percent or more for every tax bracket.
So are you "rich"?
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farmilyman
everything is illusion
11:00 PM on 08/06/2010
Do you have proof?
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
yougg
just a citizen
07:40 AM on 08/05/2010
The Bush tax cuts for the wealthy were supposed to trickle down to stimulate the economy. And it didn't happen. Get rid of it. It is amazing how much people don't understand how things work. The media doesn't do a good job explaining things. If they did it would be helpful to change things.
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SGlitz
Independent and Proud of it
10:03 AM on 08/06/2010
And you're one of them.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
madbonger618
06:42 AM on 08/05/2010
One of the biggest problems is many Americans don't understand what marginal tax means.

So many think the tax rate starts at the first dollar. They don't realize that someone making 10 million a year pays the same rate as someon making 50,000 a year on the first 50,000 of income.

They think that if they increase the marginal tax on someone making 250,000 a year their taxes will go up almost 10,000. They don't realize the tax only is applied to income above the 250.
07:15 AM on 08/05/2010
An excellent point largely missed by the general public, and the biggest reason that Reich's suggestions are an appropriate and reasonable response to our current financial quagmire. Eisenhower rates would be a good start on the road back to fiscal sanity; but if we keep going the way we have been, blaming and soaking the poor while the rich amass and squirrel away more and more of the nation's wealth, an American version of the French Revolution may be just over the horizon. Pass the caviar and toss some cake out to the peasants.
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farmilyman
everything is illusion
06:38 AM on 08/05/2010
The weathy control the media and the PR firms to get the people to vote against their own interests so most likely the Bush wealthy tax cuts will stay.
07:59 AM on 08/05/2010
...and you know that Obama is no "traitor to his class". The senatorial class does suck at the presidency
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06:23 AM on 08/05/2010
EAT THE RICH

And Fred Thompson, the only help you'll ever get from me is a donation to a one way ticket to any place in the world where they can't get ahold of you to keep making these embarassing banner ads. They're almost as embarassing as your presidential run.
02:20 AM on 08/05/2010
What you say is right and true, Mr. Reich. Republicans however no longer feel compelled to recognize truth-they prefer to construct their own truths, repeating them endlessly to drive them into people's brains. It is the Big Lie and we are living in 1984-the novel.