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Ruth Bettelheim, Ph.D.

Ruth Bettelheim, Ph.D.

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When Disaster Response Is Its Own Disaster (and How We Can Easily Fix It)

Posted: 05/25/11 05:50 PM ET

The Mississippi is flooding.

Sunday a tornado ripped through Joplin, Missouri, destroying whole neighborhoods. Last month tornadoes left tens of thousands homeless, and in March we were riveted by images with hundreds of thousands displaced by the earthquake and then tsunami in Japan.

History -- and the scenes flooding our TV sets today -- vividly illustrate that preparations for housing victims of large-scale disasters are critically lacking.

While we make valiant efforts to mitigate the impact of potential catastrophes we are often left scrambling to provide displaced people with the basic necessities after they've been hit.

Though safe building codes and protective infrastructure are essential, we cannot make our homes invulnerable and therefore we must be prepared -- we must be better prepared -- for the aftermath of natural disasters beyond our control.

The images may fade quickly from the front pages and TV screens but the suffering of the victims is just beginning, as they are forced into temporary housing like motel rooms or trailers, often far from their neighborhoods.

Many of the displaced victims are again being housed in Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) trailers, which are slow to arrive, cost upward of $30,000, and provide only temporary and unsafe shelter arrangements. There is a terrible irony in the fact that natural disaster victims are housed in the exact kind of shelter that is most vulnerable to natural disasters: mobile trailer units.

FEMA trailers are also typically located in camps remote from the neighborhoods where disaster victims had their homes originally. This adds to the dislocation and upheaval caused by these terrible events. Forced to move, disaster victims often lose their connections with neighbors, jobs, and schools, profoundly disrupting communities for months or years. Many, especially the vulnerable elderly and disabled, become permanently homeless as direct consequence of natural disasters. This is an unconscionable waste of funds, livelihoods, and lives.

Fortunately, a far better and more cost effective alternative has been developed thanks to advances in engineering. It looks like this - inexpensive hurricane-flood-and-earthquake-resistant emergency kit houses that can be quickly and easily erected onsite. These modular houses are plug-and-play, incorporating electrical and plumbing systems that are ready to be connected. If necessary, they can be equipped with self-contained composting toilets, generators, and water tanks.

The cost of such kits, which can provide permanent, safe two-bedroom housing units, is comparable to the cheapest FEMA shelters, and they can be erected in a couple of days by small teams of people with no special training.

Kit houses can often be erected directly on the sites of homes that were destroyed. They also meet or exceed the strictest US building codes and are usable, permanent homes; alternately, they can also easily be dismantled, packed flat and stored for future emergencies. Such kit shelters should be stockpiled in warehouses in earthquake, hurricane, flood and tornado prone areas by FEMA.

They could then arrive on the scene, by truck (or where necessary helicopter), and be erected within a few days of a disaster, eliminating the need for costly 'temporary' emergency shelter and the long-term displacement of families.

Our current approach creates additional trauma for the already traumatized by forcing victims to live in temporary unsuitable conditions, and the time has come to choose a better way. While kit houses may not be suitable for immediate use on highly damaged sites and cannot replicate a lost, beloved home, they offer the best and safest way to restore a normal way of life and provide a foundation for continued recovery.

If victims knew that they could return to a brand new permanent home in their old neighborhood, built rapidly with their own efforts the sense of helplessness, loss, destitution, and desperation would be alleviated by hope for a brighter future.

Ruth Bettelheim, Ph.D. is a Los Angeles psychotherapist, life coach, and writer who lost her home in an earthquake.

 
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
RJWalkerStuff
11:29 AM on 05/26/2011
How about a link to sites about the proposed shelters?

I mean, this is the internet, you know....
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Ruth Bettelheim
02:24 PM on 05/26/2011
Here is a link to one site: http://www.reconhouse.com/
09:06 AM on 05/26/2011
and, when implemented, the follow up and follow through are essential. counseling, both practical and emotional, will help to keep victims on the road to recovery. if you have never lost everything and walked away with nothing but the shirt on your back, you cannot possibly understand how much it takes to face the future. you don't know when you will have your next meal or if you will eat the next day, where your next sip of water will come from, if you will be safe as you sleep tonight... compassion is the order of the day.
08:13 AM on 05/26/2011
My heart goes out the folks that have lost loved ones and personal property. However, I have a difference in opinion. Dr. Bettelheim's piece is a great example of our shifting from a nation of self reliance to a nation dependent upon the government. Why should the Federal Government be expexted to provide housing for all? Why should my federal tax dollar be used to furnish a $30,000 house for someone?

Much of the personal incentive for repairing and replacing a home damaged in a natural disaster is lost when longer term housing is provided such as FEMA trailers.
GuiltyUndertaker
no se mata la justicia!
09:02 AM on 05/26/2011
Why should my federal tax dollars have gone to an war against Iraq based on lies? I can only assume you do not live in the Mississippi flood plain (or Joplin or Tuscaloosa or...)
My Christian upbringing tells me we need to feed the hungry, clothe the naked, house the homeless, heal the sick and injured before we go after unfettered access to oil.
10:29 AM on 05/26/2011
guilty, I do feed the hungry, clothe the naked, house the homeless, heal the sick and injured with both my time and my tithe. My point is, when did it become the responsibility of the Federal Government to perform these functions.

Also, the blood for oil argument is quite stale, unoriginal, and wrong. Find someone besides GW Bush to pick on.
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AZreb
equal-opportunity Independent heathen
10:53 AM on 05/26/2011
Please read the article carefully - these kit houses can be torn down and reused and set up or torn down by those with minimum skills - not ridden with the carcinogens of the FEMA trailers used after Katrina with the attendant long-term health problems. Used until the funds from home insurance come through for rebuilding a permanent home on the same ground the homeowner already has. Clear the property and set up a kit home for temporary residence rather than trying to find more land for trailers - remember how difficult that was after Katrina?

And where are the pictures of the trailer-tractors and other vehicles providing water and food for the survivors of this disaster? What food, medical help and other necessities are being provided for them? There are food banks that are helping but many of those were destroyed during the tornadoes and there is no power for people to use to store foods that need refrigeration or electricity or gas for cooking. Where is the delivery of ice? Why are we not seeing the aid?
11:09 AM on 05/26/2011
Az, I did read the article carefully and I understand that these are temporary structures that can be reused. Please re-read my post carefully and see that my question is why is our Federal Government responsible for housing for us.

I made 6 trips to the Gulf Coast post Katrina for volunteer work. Three years after the storm there was still a significant amount of folks housed in "temporary housing."
11:20 AM on 05/26/2011
AZ, Below is a link to Samaritan's Purse. They currently have folks on the ground and are looking for more volunteers. This would be a great place to invest some of your time and treasure to help the folks out in Missouri or any of the other current US disaster sites. They also operate internationally.

I have not yet served with them but have seen their operations at other disasters that I have volunteered at and have talked to folks that have served with them. They seem to be a very good organization.

http://www.samaritanspurse.org/
07:30 AM on 05/26/2011
Interesting and thought provoking article. Some very good points made with well thought out solutions. I'd like to bring up the care and housing of all the animals displaced by these disasters. Shelters, already bulging at the seams, are not able to handle the emergency overflow, not to mention the emotional trauma these poor creatures have experienced. As a horse owner, I am highly aware that there are even fewer facilities available for large animals than there are for dogs & cats.
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AZreb
equal-opportunity Independent heathen
10:43 AM on 05/26/2011
fanned - I founded and directed a non-profit, no-kill pet rescue in UT for almost ten years and we took in (at no charge) animals of all types from horses, sheep and other farm animals to dogs, cats, gerbils during natural disasters. It was traumatic for people to lose their homes, their barns, their land to flooding or fires and then try to find housing for their animals.

Shelters were no help - most pet rescues did not have pastures or enough kennels to house many animals. Sad to say, the couple who bought my acres and took over the rescue are not continuing the practice of helping animals in cases of natural disasters. Just proves to me that animals are a heck of a lot more trustworthy than most people!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
lordmi
06:24 AM on 05/26/2011
At Last someone expressed that!
I would also add - why on the Earth our houses are so easy to break ????
Looking on leftover I (we) see just a mess of plywood and blocks?
How did we expect those shed to survive in hurricanes, storms and against tornado???? How it is possible? Just to rely on occasion? In America, when 70 % of states are under this attacks of nature?
What the hell is "security code" for those buildings???? It is NONE. They are sheds !
Hell, we are trying to teach The World how to manage the life in decent manner and keep building sheds for American people to live in?????
This is not acceptable, it is Disrespectable. And FIMA should do something certain about this, not just collect pieces and give victim’s families another shed in stead of previous one….till the next “occasion.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
realitytrumpsbull
two 'alves of coconut!
01:40 AM on 05/26/2011
I think disaster response should start at the individual level. You figure, that if Something Bad happens, chances are the TV, radio, cellphones and so forth aren't going to work so great, so people need to reach deep, and recall that old 'thinking for myself' bit, maybe even going so far as to stock up on some basic supplies, first aid kit, that kind of thing, because if you're temporarily removed from the all-seeing, all-capable government umbrella, at some point you're going to have to remember that you're an adult, and can make effective use of toilet paper all by your lonesome, as well as a compass, maybe. When we become SO reliant on nanny-state that to be cut off, even for minutes, in a pinch, becomes mind-bogglingly paralytic to the use of our own inherent cognitive faculties and coping skills, maybe there's a problem. Now, dealing with the aftermath of a tornado, or a flood, is going to take more than a dose of bourbon, but I still think that teaching basic self-reliance and self-rescue are very, very important. We don't normally need 'survival skills' in our modern, soft, convenience-laden society, and thus hunting and so forth have sort of fallen by the wayside. But, what IF 'government' couldn't get to you, within 10 to 14 days? Could you recognize good water, from bad? Could you feed yourself? Interesting times we live in, no telling, what's coming down the pike...
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
pcplz
just a lil ol' lady with a mind.
01:43 PM on 05/26/2011
And.......what happens when the supplies, med kit, water, food all your emergency stuff ends up 40 miles away 'cause it was picked neatly up by a tornado and just flew awaaaayyyy??

Left with nothing....means just that. Nothing. Nothing but the ripped and torn shirt on your back.
12:41 AM on 05/26/2011
Thanks for passing along such a sensible idea!
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
weathergirl
loved politics as a little girl!
12:20 AM on 05/26/2011
Great ideas! What is up with the GOP and Cantor demanding spending cuts before issuing any aide? This is not a good thing!
11:07 PM on 05/25/2011
We spend billions on rebuilding the destroyed cities.

This is great advice on how to approach the rebuilding the communities making the victim's traumatic recovery paramount.

Good job.
10:48 PM on 05/25/2011
This is a fantastic idea! Attention people in charge--- this saves money and stops the seemingly endless cycle of loss and rebuilding.
07:59 PM on 05/25/2011
I could'nt agree more with your view.

This is just why a retired architect came up with an emercy shelter kit for Haiti (or any other disaster area) wich is fast & easy to deliver & assemble, resist tremors + hurricanes, sleeps up to 10, cost a mere 3,500 $ , can be knocked down and reassembled.

See http://openarchitecturenetwork.org/projects/kreole_house
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LMPE
I connect the most dissimilar things
07:52 PM on 05/25/2011
I was doing a homestay in St. Petersburg when Katrina hit. It was beyond embarrassing to have to be on the other side of the world and explain to my host family why my ignoramus of a president would let this happen.
Genders
Love, Tolerance, Enlightenment
07:45 PM on 05/25/2011
What a wonderful idea. Yes, I think it's very doable. A real solution. Thank you.