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Samuel Brown

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Mormon Baptism For the Dead: History and Explanation of an Unusual Ritual

Posted: 02/23/2012 12:14 pm

Mormons are known for many things, from their love of corporate attire and organization, to their almost uncanny cheeriness, to their scandalous history of polygamy. They are also known as the chief sleuths of genealogy in the modern world. There is a purportedly dark side to their interest in the personal side of world history: the rituals performed for deceased individuals identified through genealogical research. Best known among these rituals is a version of the familiar Christian rite of baptism. Called "baptism for the dead," Mormons have performed such baptisms since their founding prophet introduced the practice on the banks of the Mississippi in the early 1840s. In this rite, Mormons receive baptism "for and in behalf of" a deceased individual and are themselves immersed, just as they were at their own baptism into the Mormon Church.

In one caricature, Mormon baptism for the dead is merely the bizarre extremity of the proselytizing juggernaut of the Mormon missionary program. Even if you managed to turn down those boys in white shirts and black name placards in life, this caricature goes, they will have their way with you in death. There have been more extreme caricatures over the years, including the stunning and idiosyncratic claim that Mormons actually immerse corpses, but by and large outsiders have seen the practice as a strange and insensitive expression of Mormon exclusivism. In context, though, this ritual has rather different meanings.

Mormon baptism for the dead is at least two things.

First, it is a solution to what some scholars call Christianity's "scandal of particularity." By this they mean that Christianity claims that salvation comes only through Christ. If that is true, though, what about those who had no conceivable way to hear of Christ, let alone to confess him? What justice is there in a Gospel that arbitrarily denies heaven to people merely by token of their place of birth? Joseph Smith and his Latter-day Saints answered emphatically, "None." The Mormon solution to the scandal of particularity was not that Christ is unnecessary, but that Christ can be brought to everyone in the afterlife. While the notion offends many modern ears, the solution has a sort of ambitious coherence.

Second, baptism for the dead is a reflection of early Mormon ideas about the nature of family and human relationships. Though in the 20th century Mormons emphasized a more Victorian interpretation of these beliefs, early Mormon beliefs about family were stunningly universal. The family of heaven encompassed essentially every human being in early Mormon belief. Mormons understood baptism as the mechanism by which individuals were adopted into that vast family of heaven. On this view, baptism for the dead represents the hope that all of humanity will be united in the afterlife as one harmonious family. Mormons, rather than looking down at the damned with pious glee, are exploring every possible avenue to get the supposedly damned into heaven. That they employ the very physical rite of baptism to unite the human family reflects more than anything the assiduously literal and physical bent of Mormon thought.

With this context -- baptism for the dead is fundamentally inclusive and universalizing in conception -- it is little wonder that the Latter-day Saints would perform baptism for all the dead whose names they manage to uncover in the world's archives. This enthusiasm, mixed with historic insularity, has led to controversial episodes in which Latter-day Saints have performed baptism on behalf of Jews, including victims and survivors of the Holocaust. While the chastened LDS Church eliminated the entries of such individuals from their records and forbade further such baptisms, a trickle of individual Mormons -- with more enthusiasm for their own religion than empathy for a people for whom forced conversion is a bitter thread in a long history of brutal religious intolerance -- have continued to perform intermittent baptisms on behalf of the Jewish dead.

Mormons have protested that their rite does not convert the dead, it only facilitates such conversion should the dead choose to accept it. They emphasize that they see their rituals as enabling rather than restricting choice. Debates over the Mormon practice of baptism for the dead demonstrate a lack of empathy -- the capacity to imagine the world as the other group does -- on both sides. Mormons have not always understood why their explanations do not satisfy critics. Latter-day Saints should strive harder to understand where and when their answers are not persuasive. They would do well to consider what forced conversion has meant for Jews over the centuries. On the other hand, outsiders would do well to try to imagine the universalist impulse underlying Mormon baptism for the dead.

 
 
 
Mormons are known for many things, from their love of corporate attire and organization, to their almost uncanny cheeriness, to their scandalous history of polygamy. They are also known as the chief s...
Mormons are known for many things, from their love of corporate attire and organization, to their almost uncanny cheeriness, to their scandalous history of polygamy. They are also known as the chief s...
 
 
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voteindependent
stultorum nunquam discere
04:12 PM on 04/09/2012
aaaaaand - THAT'S why the church performed numerous posthumous baptisms of devout Jews like Anne Frank (what are we up to - 5 times or 6 times) or Daniel Pearl?????

dont think you explained THOSE ones there partner
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ranchero42
Cherished Memories? NRA'll Rifle Thru 'Em
01:22 PM on 03/28/2012
It's all very interesting -- but I prefer not to ignore the third, most compelling significance of post-mortem baptism. Not that I'm suggesting a convenient 'glossing over' of the well-established fact that the LDS church is another manifestation of Darbyite 'end times' believers. There was a short story published soon after China annexed Tibet -- a temporal shift more likely about making a political statement -- not so much due to worry of raising the ire of apocalyptic western philosophies:
======================================
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nine_Billion_Names_of_God
03:00 PM on 03/11/2012
Mormons need to mind THEIR own business such as converting the incestuous amongst them from breeding like dogs. Their mother is also their niece, aunt, cousin, sister, Grandmother, etc. Leave the dead alone.
HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
GeorgeBurnsWasRight
My micro-bio is running on empty.
11:31 AM on 03/03/2012
"Mormons have protested that their rite does not convert the dead, it only facilitates such conversion should the dead choose to accept it. They emphasize that they see their rituals as enabling rather than restricting choice."

To believe that, you have to believe that God has no way of dealing with silly human issues such as what do do about people who died, for example, before Christ's birth.
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xxixpines
Truth often causes wailing and gnashing of teeth
03:41 PM on 03/10/2012
Does anyone know of a corpse answering a question posed to it?
05:27 PM on 03/13/2012
If you don't believe in an afterlife -- that the soul is still conscious after the death of the body, then who cares?
01:10 PM on 03/01/2012
The Mormon church doesn't really care about dead converts. They only care about living, working, tithing converts. Posthumous baptisms are a despicable way of manipulating and emotionally extorting people into joining the church in order to be reunited with their loved ones. It also reinforces this principle within the faith by having members of the congregation act by proxy. Posthumous baptisms are a manifestation of an utter lack of respect for the feelings, rights and beliefs of others. It is a contemptible act of religious hucksterism conceived not as an act of goodwill or charity but as an act of emotional blackmail and coercion.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Hales Swift
06:26 PM on 03/01/2012
You are engaging in mind-reading: imputing motivations to others based on your own assumptions. You say that this practice demonstrates a lack of respect for the feelings of others, but how? Mormons don't believe the ordinance has any effect unless the individual for whom it is performed accepts it--thus their feelings are ultimately the determining factor in whether the act is efficacious.
02:00 PM on 03/02/2012
Nonsense. Your church cares nothing for the feelings of others. It is obvious that you are so programmed to believe that your beliefs are superior to all other denominations that you actually think others should be flattered and greatful at these overatures. As for imputing motives, the LDS church is highly adept at keeping it's membership under thumb by using the threat of separation from family in this life, (apostasy) and eternal separation in the world beyond. Nothing re-enforces these concepts quite like having people act out the religious pagentry of proxy baptisms. These tactics have been so effective in preventing defections that it is hoped that they will work on the rest of us. The historical revisionism that accompanies these posthumous baptisms are designed to bamboozle future generations into adopting the religion of their ancestors. If the celestial realm is all your prophets and apostles claim why aren't baptisms performed there where an informed decision could be made and consent granted? Is there a shortage of baptismal founts on the planet Kolob? To suggest that posthumous baptisms are just a harmless gesture of neighborly salvation is a lie. If it were true the LDS would have stopped performing them knowing how offensive and repulsive they are to the rest of us.
12:44 PM on 03/01/2012
LDS Apologists will tell what their taught to tell, ex-Mormons tell what they've experienced.

http://mormoncurtain.com/index.html

A site where you can see what ex-Mormons have experienced.
12:21 PM on 03/01/2012
Hey Sam, since you have determined to make Religion an issue, can you please post equally critical articles on the President's beliefs? I want to see both sides, or leave both un-reported.
12:17 PM on 03/01/2012
What a disingenious argument. The Mormons have simply plagerized the scandal of Christian particularity making it their own. Posthumous baptisms are an act of intolerance not of inclusiveness.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Hales Swift
06:15 PM on 03/01/2012
How do you intend to construe providing someone an ordinance which they can then either accept or reject as intolerance? What exactly is not being tolerated. They give them an option--if its accepted its tolerated and if its rejected its tolerated... ...?
10:53 PM on 03/08/2012
Some advice. Don't argue with those who want to remain ignorant and hurl baseless insults.
11:15 AM on 03/01/2012
Now we are left to consider our loved and departed family members being subjected to this baptism of the dead ritual to become Mormon.

Have they also gone into the Vatican and baptised Pope John Paul II, Peter and all the Saints so that they may have the chance to see the light and hear the "true faith"?

Jewish leaders were assured that this baptism of proxy would stop. Hindus also say leave our people alone. Catholics say leave our people alone. I do not believe that most people understand that no, they are not simply "praying" for people, they are going through the actual submersion of a person who has taken the name of the person they are trying to show the true way to salvation.

Don't you think that God accepts his children to him? You do one kind thing in your life and you are going to be saved (Fr. Rock, SJ, my priest).
08:18 PM on 03/01/2012
I know the type. They are implacable and will not stop these predatory "baptisms" until continuing to do so becomes too costly, one way or another.
10:42 AM on 03/02/2012
You have hit the nail on the head with "predatory baptisms". That is exactly what I have been wanting to express. It is predatory and a total violation of the person being subjected to it.

Glad I have my locked gate and they can't get up here to knock on my door to attempt to convert me. Some of my neighbors are not so fortunate and they are relentless in their going boldly after people.

When we lived in Saratoga, two missionary young men came to give me the word. I told them up front that I was Catholic and happy in my faith. They came back with, "but, when you die, don't you want to be in Heaven with your husband?" to which I replied, "I believe that when we get to Heaven, we will be like the angels and saints and there won't be any need of the husband and wife thing." They never came back. Thank God.
09:48 AM on 03/01/2012
This whole topic is ridiculous, in my opinion.

Who cares if the Mormons are practicing a particular rite meant only for a deceased person's benefit?

I am hugely critical of Mormon belief and doctrine, but this means absolutely nothing.
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wisdom4you
wisdom is/ = alter ego perspectives :-)
06:09 AM on 03/02/2012
harley, so is your evangelism rediculous, which also means absolutely nothing.

also duly noting 'rediculous' is another insult, you are busted and neutralized.
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Naithom
Estne volumen in toga, an solum tibi libet me vide
09:08 AM on 03/01/2012
One's name and identity belongs to the person, especially if you are not a public figure. If someone uses your name and identity in a situation which a reasonable person could understand would cause you distress, you can sue them.

People's connection to their personal religious beliefs are quite strong whether they are a Christian, Jew, Muslim, Hindu, agnostic or atheist. Their attitudes shape who they are and how they present themselves to the world.

For Mormons to, without the consent of the individual, use that persons' name and identity for their own religious purposes is nothing short of spiritual identity theft. They show no respect for the person or their religious beliefs and are, pardon the pun, hell bent on using that person whether they want to be used or not. More than once I have heard Mormons say, "What do you care? If you don't believe in it, it doesn't matter."

The reason it matters is IT'S UNAUTHORIZED USE OF A PERSON'S IDENTITY! It's like saying, "Why do you care if I use this person's Social Security number." They don't have the right.

My personal religion has been important enough to me that I have taken beatings from loving members of other religions because of it. I don't appreciate the idea that I have to deal with the idea of someone hijacking my information for their own purposes.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Hales Swift
06:17 PM on 03/01/2012
I disagree: if the supermarkets can send you letters that you may or may not use and this is not misappropriation of your identity, then how is providing an ordinance that a person may or may not use misappropriating an identity?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
DAE
11:14 PM on 02/29/2012
Mormonism puts the lie to all religion. It shows that a holy book can be made up from whole cloth. Furthermore, it shows that the stories in the Bible and the Koran have no more credibility than those in the Book of Mormon. There are many highly educated, successful people who wholeheartedly believe that the Book of Mormon is the word of God and that the rituals that they practice are divinely sanctified. But other religionists are convinced that it is all a man made fabrication. But for the non-religionist the Book of Mormon is no different than any other holy book. They are all man made fabrications. Whatever wisdom they contain is man made humanist wisdom. The rest is dross.
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All Heart
10:51 PM on 02/29/2012
Let me get this straight, they recall dead people's souls from whereever they happen to be, and offer them the 'freedem of choice' to join them in their version of heaven? If they truly believe in an afterlife, I would consider that kidnapping. Where do I find out if they did that to my late husband?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Hales Swift
06:19 PM on 03/01/2012
How many kidnappers do you know that say you can come if you want and stay if you want?
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bermudababy
Left lane for passing only!!
10:44 PM on 02/29/2012
Are the dead in any way able to help or to harm the living?

Eccl. 9:6: “Their love and their hate and their jealousy have already perished, and they have no portion anymore to time indefinite in anything that has to be done under the sun.”
Isa. 26:14: “They are dead; they will not live. Impotent in death, they will not rise up.”

So the LDS can spin their wheels all they want, the fact is it's a waste of energies!
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bermudababy
Left lane for passing only!!
10:43 PM on 02/29/2012
Where are the dead?

Gen. 3:19: “In the sweat of your face you will eat bread until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken. For dust you are and to dust you will return.”
Eccl. 9:10: “All that your hand finds to do, do with your very power, for there is no work nor devising nor knowledge nor wisdom in Sheol [“the grave,” KJ, Kx; “the world of the dead,” TEV], the place to which you are going.”
What is the condition of the dead?
Eccl. 9:5: “The living are conscious that they will die; but as for the dead, they are conscious of nothing at all.”
Ps. 146:4: “His spirit goes out, he goes back to his ground; in that day his thoughts [“thoughts,” KJ, 145:4 in Dy; “all his thinking,” NE; “plans,” RS, NAB] do perish.”
John 11:11-14: “‘Lazarus our friend has gone to rest, but I am journeying there to awaken him from sleep.’ . . . Jesus said to them outspokenly: ‘Lazarus has died.’” (Also Psalm 13:3)
Is there some part of man that lives on when the body dies?
Ezek. 18:4: “The soul [“soul,” RS, NE, KJ, Dy, Kx; “man,” JB; “person,” TEV] that is sinning—it itself will die.”
Isa. 53:12: “He poured out his soul [“soul,” RS, KJ, Dy; “life,” TEV; “himself,” JB, Kx, NAB] to the very death.” (Compare Matthew 26:38.)

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