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The Unfortunate NIH Report on Alzheimer's Disease

Posted: 05/18/10 10:00 AM ET

The National Institute of Health arranged for a panel to determine whether or not there is anything a person can do to reduce their risk of developing Alzheimer's Dementia. This study was recently published with the title: "Preventing Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline." The conclusion of the this large, 727 page report was, "The current research on the list of putative risk or protective factors is largely inadequate to confidently assess their association with AD or cognitive decline. Further research that addresses the limitations of existing studies is needed prior to be able to make recommendations on interventions."

If this is taken to mean that we need to learn more about Alzheimer's Disease, then I completely agree. However, if this is taken to mean that we have no idea what causes Alzheimer's Disease and absolutely no idea what to do to reduce the risk of developing the illness, I must vehemently disagree.

Dr. Martha Daviglus of Northwestern University in Chicago, the physician who chaired the panel, went on to tell the media, "We wish we could tell people that taking a pill or doing a puzzle every day would prevent this terrible disease, but current evidence doesn't support this." In reply to Dr. Daviglus, I must state that neither I nor any other competent author on the subject believes that simply taking a pill or doing a puzzle every day will significantly reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease. As I think Dr. Daviglus would agree, the story is more complicated than that.

It is important to state that we know a lot about the risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease. Some forms of Alzheimer's Disease are very strongly related to genetics, appear early in life, and may not be avoidable. On the other hand, we know that choices we make in life influence the risk of developing the most common forms of Alzheimer's Disease. We know, for example, that when individuals leave simpler healthier lifestyles from other cultures and take up the lifestyles of modern America, the likelihood of dementia goes up. What are those things we do that expose us to risk of Alzheimer's? The answer is not simple. The difficulty is that the risks factors for Alzheimer's Disease are multiple, interactive and complicated. No one factor is responsible for this illness, and no one simple measure will stop it.

Let's begin with what the panel admits to be avenues for reducing the risk of Alzheimer's Disease. In their summary of results, the panel stated that "factors associated with increased risk of AD and cognitive decline were: diabetes, epsilon four allele of the apolipoprotein E gene [This is a genetic factor you cannot change], smoking, and depression." In addition, the panel stated that, " Factors showing a fairly consistent association with decreased risk of AD and cognitive decline were: cognitive engagement and physical activities." They went on to say that the benefits from addressing any one of those factors was small to moderate in terms of reducing the development of Alzheimer's or preventing cognitive decline. What they did not address was if a healthy lifestyle that imporved all of those factors in a comprehensive fashion might provide more than mere small to moderate benefit. No cardiologist would suggest that merely taking a blood pressure pill and walking around the block several times a week can eliminate a person's risk of heart disease. It is similarly nonsensical to suggest, as per Dr. Daviglus' statement, that a pill and a puzzle is the means to avoid the ever so complicated Alzheimer's Disease. Thus, even if we agree to ignore the considerable amount of data showing benefits of stress reduction, improved sleep, dietary changes, and other such measures, we must ask what benefits might result from combining the avoidance of diabetes, smoking, and depression with an increase in exercise and intellectual activity.

It is also important to realize that the method the panel used to discern what may or may not be useful to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's required them to eliminate the results of thousands of studies on the subject. They admitted that, "Some of the factors that did not show an association with AD or cognitive decline in this review may still play an influential role in late-life cognition, but there was not sufficient evidence to draw this conclusion." Certainly, the panel cannot be faulted for being stringent in their criteria for accepting scientific studies for inclusion in their review of the evidence for reducing the risk of Alzheimer's. Such stringency is what we expect of good scientific research. However, when lacking firm evidence, we physicians must rely on indications and known relationships. As only one example, the panel stated that Metabolic Syndrome could not be shown to increase the risk of Alzheimer's Disease. Metabolic syndrome is the combination of elevated blood sugar, high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, and low good HDL cholesterol. The puzzling and unfortunate fact is that almost all cases of adult onset diabetes, which the panel recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease, begin as Metabolic Syndrome. Thus, for the panel to fail to recommend that Metabolic Syndrome be diagnosed and treated as a means to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's Disease must be seen as contrary to common sense.

As another example, the panel noted that " high adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with lower risk of AD". However, because of one weak study to the contrary, they felt that the data was not yet strong enough to recommend it as a genuine preventative measure. If one takes into account that Mediterranean diet helps prevent diabetes, which the panel agrees is a risk factor for Alzheimer's, then the recommendation of this diet is not unreasonable.

I believe it can be said that in trying to be conservative, the panel has grossly understated our ability to avoid Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia through healthy diet, exercise, stress reduction, improvement of emotional well being, intellectual activity, good sleep, supplements, good medical care, and other comprehensive steps to improve overall health. To their credit, the panel did admit that, " Many of the exposures reviewed in this report likely do not work in isolation in their effect on risk of AD or cognitive decline. Instead, they work in combination with other factors." I myself believe that this is not a mere caveat, but rather the essence of the approach that must be taken. Dr. Daviglus is absolutely correct in saying that no mere pill or puzzle can prevent Alzheimer's Disease. However, the panel is simply wrong in stating that we have no means currently at our disposal to decrease our risk for avoiding this dreadful illness.

 
The National Institute of Health arranged for a panel to determine whether or not there is anything a person can do to reduce their risk of developing Alzheimer's Dementia. This study was recently pu...
The National Institute of Health arranged for a panel to determine whether or not there is anything a person can do to reduce their risk of developing Alzheimer's Dementia. This study was recently pu...
 
 
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
LateBoomer2
To love beauty is to see light. -Victor Hugo
01:20 AM on 06/03/2010
Since depression is a known risk factor, then taking an antidepressant (a pill) everyday, yes, could conceivably lower one's risk of Alzheimer's.

Just sayin'.
09:09 PM on 05/24/2010
Dr Mendelson,

I have a couple of questions you might be able to answer:

1) Do the risk factors for Altheimers dementia significantly differ from other types of dementia?

2) Does history of concussions have any statistical correlation as a risk factor.

Thanks.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Doybia
10:25 AM on 05/23/2010
I've been observing this conversation with amusement and bemusement.

I'm going to explain why the good doctor M has reacted with such ire and rudeness to the intrusion of the vaccine question into his little blog on Alzheimer's.

Dr. M is questioning authority on Alzheimer's. He is sticking his neck out just a little bit. Not a lot, just a little.

But he knows damn well that if he sticks his neck out a lot, he'll get his head chopped off.

So he isn't going to question the efficacy or safety of influenza vaccines, including the influenza vaccines that contain mercury and that are recommended every year for the population which is most likely to get Alzheimer's. That would be going too far.

I agree with Hellbilly, that he could have effectively closed off the conversation without being rude, and that being rude made him look unprofessional.

Vaccines concerns are very scary. Questioning vaccines is professional suicide. So why do it?
03:34 PM on 05/23/2010
The answer to your question perhaps lies in the answer to this one:

Questioning vaccines is to professional suicide as administration of vaccines is to ______ .
03:14 PM on 05/22/2010
"The truth is, there are plenty of ways to prevent Alzheimer's Disease, and each them involves what you put in your body and how you take care of it."

"According to a 2009 study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, widespread exposure to nitrosamines, nitrates and nitrites in processed food and the environment are all linked to degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. These chemicals are commonly used in food factories and large-scale farming operations."

"Five ways to protect yourself from Alzheimer's
#1) Avoid processed foods
#2) Install a home water filter
#3) Detoxify on a regular basis
#4) Exercise regularly (physical and mental)
#5) Eat plenty of superfoods and nutritional supplements"
http://www.naturalnews.com/028741_Alzheimers_disease_prevention.html
01:21 PM on 05/21/2010
Dr.Mendelson.I have cerebral palsey.What does that do to my chances of getting Alzheimer's?
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Scott Mendelson, M.D.
02:04 PM on 05/21/2010
Dear Laura, It probably does not increase your risk. I would work to improve your diet, i.e., follow a Mediterranean style of eating, exercise, sleep well, find intellectually challenging work to do, lower your stress levels, see your doctor regularly to avoid high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity. Basically, stay happy, stay healthy, stay active! Your cerebral palsy should not increase your risk for Alzheimer's. Good luck to you! Scott
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05:01 PM on 05/20/2010
I find all of the discussion of vaccines to be a harmful and unnecessary distraction possibly preventing science from unveiling the true causes of diseases/ conditions we are facing. I also don't understand the supposed connection between autism, ADHD and alzheimers.

My grandparents bother suffered/ suffer from alzheimers or some other form of dementia. I was very interested by the new study out (I think it was a British study) that suggests spouse caregivers of alzheimers victims are more likely to develop the disease. It is unknown whether the correlation (if any) is environmental or the increase in likelihood of developing alzheimers is due to increased stress of caring for a loved one with the disease. I'm curious if Dr. Mendelson or others have thoughts on that study.

On the environmental side, I don't know much about the science but always questioned toxins my grandparents would have been exposed to in a rural area. They used some powder called 7 (not even sure what it is) around the property frequently -- I think it was meant to kill fleas? They also used well-water and I'm curious if it contained a toxin that could be a possible link.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Scott Mendelson, M.D.
06:23 PM on 05/20/2010
Dear woman 4obama, You address some very inetersting questions. First, I personally know of no important link between ADHD, Alzheimer's and autism. If there is, it would likely be genetic predispositions of some sort. I suspect that the most likely cause of increased risk of Alzheimer's in caregivers is the extreme stress entailed. High levels of the hormone, cortisol, from stress increase the risk of Alzheimer's. High stress also exacerbates depression, another contributor. There are environmental possibilities. You mentioned the pesticide called "sevin". Curiously, this toxin acts in some ways similar to Aricept! That is, it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. However, pesticides are often used in high concentrations, and they have effects other than acting as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. There is not a lot of human research with sevin. However, chronic exposure has been known to cause brain damage in pigs, and this was not reversed by a drug called atropine, which suggested that it wasn't it's Aricept-like effect that caused the damage. In any case, yes, there could be a link. best wishes to you. Scott Mendelson
03:34 PM on 05/20/2010
I would ask that all to consider the following. The only material that has been shown to cause much of the abnormal biochemistry (abnormal polymerized brain tubulin, inhibited creatine kinase and glutamine synthetase) and also produce neurofibillary tangles (the diagnostic hallmark of AD) when placed with normal brain homogenates, or exposed to living rats or neurons in culture, has been mercury. Simply because the proteins involved have very active sulfur groups in their basic structures. The major source of human mercury body burden from cadavers has been shown to be the mercury vapor escaping from dental amalgams that many Americans have grams of within their mouths. These amalgams are FDA approved even though 80% of the escaping vapors are retained. Mercury from all sources are toxic, mercury is a known potent neurotoxin. I am saddened, but not shocked, that the NIH did not consider mercury exposure a risk for AD. There is no money to be made eliminating a potential exacerbating or causal factor. In 1999 it was published that individuals who died of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy had 22,000 times higher mercury levels in their heart tissue. The NIH has yet to request research proposals to investigate this observation in spite of the about 300,000 Americans that die of sudden cardiac death each year. Our government agencies appear to be interested only in research that leads to selling a drug, not to any that offers a chance for prevention.
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Scott Mendelson, M.D.
04:12 PM on 05/20/2010
Dear Boyd, As I have said, I am no fan of mercury. It is obviously not good for your brain. It is not an essential trace element and has no reason to be in your body. It is just that I, unlike some, don't blame it for autism, the stock market crash, or the Gulf Coast oil spill. The truth of the matter, however, is that while mercury is bad, lead is by far a bigger and better documented culprit in neuropathology. Although the studies of correlations between cognitive behaviors and mercury levels are mixed (sorry guys, they ARE!), the studies on lead are invariably horrible! You can assume that the FDA panels own no stock in paint companies, or you can assume that they have done their job in this case. I must note, however, that lead toxicity is almost certainly worse than the government agencies might suggest.
07:41 PM on 05/20/2010
How to explain autism, a non-infectious disease which becomes epidemic in all 50 states at the same time (1990) and affects males more than females? Only mercury affects males more than females and the CDC mandated vaccine program (1988) lead to infants being injected on the day of birth with a level of mercury that would be EPA safe if the infant weighed 275 pounds. Studies mixing non-lethal solutions of lead and mercury produced a mixed solution 100 times more lethal. This means that we cannot define a "safe level" of any one single metal.
Recent studies have correlated increased asthma and autism rates with such early vaccinations and have been ignored. The CDC funded several "Danish" studies on vaccines and autism on children less exposed to mercury and not exposed as early as American children. However, they yet to fund a significant epidemiological study done by Americans on American children and have also refused to fund any study that looks at the autism rate of non-vaccinated American populations.
The "Danish" studies were done by employees of a vaccine manufacturer and indicated that the removal of thimerosal from vaccines lead to about a 20-fold increase in autism!!! Ridiculous, and if true why haven't the Danish put the thimerosal back in their vaccines? The studies you likely are alluding to showing mercury exposure not affecting cognitive function are likely of questionable design like the Danish studies, its called manufacturing uncertainty. FOIA info indicates such malfeasance.
04:18 PM on 05/20/2010
Thank you Dr. Haley for pointing this out. My confidence level that people in places of power and authority will consider these facts is very low, but there are a lot of people reading here who continue to get mercury dental amalgams for themselves and/or their children. There are also still a large number of people who are unaware that many vaccines still contain mercury, despite the cries of vaccine proponents to the contrary. I pray this information will continue to reach the ears of those who need it to make better informed decisions about these very important issues.

Jo
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Sheldon101
sheldon101blog.blogspot.com Wakefield transcripts
01:59 PM on 05/22/2010
The only routine 0-6 years old vaccine that has thimerosal in it is the flu vaccine. Flu vaccine without thimerosal is available in the US. In Canada, flu vaccine without thimerosal is harder to get. But there is a reduced thimerosal vaccine and apparently also a thimerosal free vaccine. For 2009 H1N1, all Canadian used vaccine had thimerosal in it.

See my http://vaccineswork.blogspot.com/2010/03/thimerosal-guide-for-kids-0-to-6-years.html for details.
01:09 PM on 05/20/2010
Dr. Mendelson, I am compelled to respond to at least one of the statements in your last post, by urging you to view the following short seminar given by Beatrice Golomb, Associate Professor of Medicine at UCSD (this is a youtube video, part 1 of 2):

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=foSYnrRYQew&feature=related

It would be unreasonable to deny the possibility that the enormous profits of the pharmaceutical industry could lead to corruption of the study/trial/approval process. The germane question is perhaps, how pervasive might be such corruption, and it is to this question that Dr. Golomb speaks.
10:18 AM on 05/20/2010
Dear isjois, Hellbilly, T4TN and other believers that vaccines are the scourge of humanity and the cause of all illness. I have allowed you to drga me into your pet agenda long enough. Your obessesion with this topic has absolutely nothing to do with my topic. You cannot be convinced. You think the FDA is owned by the drug companies. You think that doctors are stupid dupes. You believe that the vast body of literature showing no relationship between autism and vaccinations is a BIG PHARMA CONSPIRACY. The sad fact is that your malignant notions are catching on, and the vaccination rates are going down. It is a good thing you weren't around when smallpox was being eradicated. You almost certainly see the relationship between vaccines and everything else in the world, and could probably insert yourselves just as well into politcal, entertainment, and business blogs just as easily. I am no longer going to address you. I would consider in the future writing something about the genetics of autism, although your beliefs that vaccines are causing genetic mutations in human primordial germ cells and thus altering human evolution would negate such information. There is simply no arguing with you. I suppose you will try to continue to beat this topic to death, but as far as I am concerned, I am done with you.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
time4truthnow
Truth about vaccinations activist
10:49 AM on 05/20/2010
Yes doctor Mendelson, you certainly can't argue with truth, so down in defeat you must go. Since you mention small pox. Here's what Dr. Tenpenny had to say. This good doctor is one of many honest individuals in the medical field who have joined the ranks of angry parents & citizens to save our children & posterity;

"Don't Fear a Smallpox Outbreak"

http://chetday.com/smallpoxepidemic.htm

Yes doctor, we must beat this topic like the dead horse it is because our children & their well being is what's urgently important. I'm very sorry for you, you can't see that.
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03:00 PM on 05/20/2010
It's not the truth. Many studies have shown this. Kids without vaccines have the same rates of autism. THAT is the truth. He just doesn't want to argue with a mental brick wall.
04:32 PM on 05/20/2010
"For example, no long-term studies are done on any vaccines. Long-term follow-up is not done in any careful way. Why? Because, again, the assumption is made that vaccines do not cause problems. So why should anyone check? On top of that, a vaccine reaction is defined so that all bad reactions are said to occur very soon after the shot is given. But that does not make sense."

"Because the vaccine obviously acts in the body for a long period of time after it is given. A reaction can be gradual. Deterioration can be gradual. Neurological problems can develop over time. They do in various conditions, even according to a conventional analysis. So why couldn't that be the case with vaccines? If chemical poisoning can occur gradually, why couldn't that be the case with a vaccine which contains mercury?"

"You are dealing with correlations, most of the time.Correlations are not perfect. But if you get 500 parents whose children have suffered neurological damage during a one-year period after having a vaccine, this should be sufficient to spark off an intense investigation."

http://drbenkim.com/articles-vaccine-risks.htm
03:15 PM on 05/20/2010
Usually HuffPo bloggers are aware that readers (and commenters) may have opinions that are different from their own.

It's rare to see someone get as emotional as you have - simply because we disagree.

While I've enjoyed a good laugh over the name calling, it isn't a becoming approach to hurl insults at your readers...especially, when they aren't attacking you. I wonder how you must speak to your patients - when they ask questions or express concerns regarding the advice you offer. Hopefully the bedside manner you display is much more patient and empathetic. Good day doctor.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
janisa
03:45 PM on 05/20/2010
i'm uber confused about why you are descending en masse against this article. what are you arguing about? do you even know any more? what does this have to do with suggesting a mediterranean diet may be beneficial to your health and staving off alzheimer's? i see nothing inflammatory in this article, and it makes you look crazy when you attack for no reason, with no logic, and no facts. when faced with such abject ignorance, it's hard not to be indignant.
11:36 AM on 05/19/2010
"Clinical tests of patients with MND,ALS, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Lupus(SLE), rheumatoid arthritis and autism have found that the patients generally have elevated plasma cysteine to sulphate ratios, with the average being 500% higher than controls, and in general being poor sulphur oxidizers. This means that these patients have insufficient sulfates available to carry out necessary bodily processes and that cysteine levels build up in the brain and CNS to neurotoxic levels. Mercury has been shown to diminish and block sulphur oxidation and thus reducing glutathione levels which is the part of this process involved in detoxifying and excretion of toxics like mercury."
http://www.flcv.com/alzhg.html
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Scott Mendelson, M.D.
03:32 PM on 05/19/2010
It has become very popular in this conversation to blame everything on mercury in vaccines. Suffice it to say that I am no big fan of mercury. Nonetheless, the problem behind the increase in cysteine in Alzheimer's is almost certainly deficiency in the cystathionine beta-synthase enzyme due to genetics and/ or vitamin B6 deficiency, and insufficient production of s-adenosylmethionine (SAMe). This is far more likely an explanation than the mercury explanation.
03:57 PM on 05/19/2010
We're seeing epidemics of both Alzheimers and autism. How could genetics possibly be the issue?

Are you saying that some people are genetically iclined to detoxify metals and toxins from their environment more slowly than others? Or, something else?
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
time4truthnow
Truth about vaccinations activist
05:03 PM on 05/19/2010
I have a serious question here doctor. It's a yes or no question, basically. Since vaccinations have been around for about 300 years, considering them a culprit for a moment, isn't it possible that the genetic flaws in some people could be blamed on prior generations being vaccinated?

If the doctor decides not to answer this question, could anyone else, please?
11:33 AM on 05/19/2010
"Another major source of mercury exposure is vaccines such as flu vaccines which have large amounts of mercury and aluminum, and have been linked to conditions like depression,Parkinson’s, ALS, and dementia. It has been found that vaccines contain adjuvants like aluminum plus mercury thimerosal which overstimulate the immune system and brain, causing high levels of inflammation over long periods of time. There is evidence of a link between the aluminum hydroxide in vaccines, and symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson's, and ALS. It has been found that those who get at least 5 flu shots have an increased risk of inflammatory conditions like Alzheimer’s of at least 500%."
http://www.flcv.com/alzhg.html
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HUFFPOST BLOGGER
Scott Mendelson, M.D.
03:40 PM on 05/19/2010
To sugest that vaccines are a major source of mercury exposure is pure bunk. As I have noted a vaccine that contains mercury equals that of a single can of tuna. Thimerosal, by the way, is merthiolate that many of our parents used to slather on us after getting cuts. The relationship between aluminum and Alzheimer's arose from exposure to aluminum in dialysis fluid prior to its removal years ago. We consume ENORMOUS amounts of aluminum in antacids, and pancake mixes, (which can contain 180mg or more per serving in its use as an anticaking agent). Mercury and aluminum are not good, but this hysteria is utter nonsense and without basis unless you carefully pick and choose from bogus or marginal reports, and have a high level of paranoia.
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Hellbilly
05:09 PM on 05/19/2010
Doctor Mendelson,

You keep going back to cans of tuna. The last time you did I posted the following, to no reply. Perhaps you missed it that time?

"Doctor Mendelson,

Brief research shows that a 7lb. male can eat 0.2 oz of Albacore tuna or 0.6 oz of light tuna per -week- before being exposed to unsafe levels of mercury.

Given that your comments referenced an entire can of tuna consumption I'd say you're correct in your statement but entirely incorrect in your conclusion.

So, further questions.

How much mercury -is- in a can of Albacore or light (skipjack) tuna?

How much mercury -is- in a (mercury containing) vaccine?

Comparision between those two will show if your conclusions are flawed or not.

For the calculations I used 7 lbs because that seemed like a reasonable birth average. I used males since males are much more likely to present ASD symptoms."
08:40 PM on 05/19/2010
Ingesting mercury (via tuna) is very different from injecting it (via Thimerosal). It appears that eating foods with mercury is MUCH safer than using vaccines that contain this same ingredient:

"An incidental finding of oral mercury ingestion was followed clinically and did not result in complications....Subcutaneous mercury injection should be managed with local wound debridement, whereas ingestions are rarely of clinical significance."
http://www.jem-journal.com/article/S0736-4679(00)00283-3/abstract

"The oral route of metallic mercury use does not cause poisoning symptoms, but its use in infants and children could cause subclinical developmental problems. Concentrations in blood and urine after ingestion of mercury remain low because very little is absorbed. However, mercury injected subcutaneously causes sterile, inflammatory, and necrotic reactions resulting in abscesses and granulomas....When mercury is injected intravenously, it goes mainly to the lungs and can cross over to systemic circulation...Neurologic and renal complications can result from high systemic levels of mercury, and subcutaneous injection usually results in sterile abscesses."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1247524/
11:29 AM on 05/19/2010
It seems there is a connection between adults suffering from Alzheimer's and children impacted by autism. Both disorders are also increasingly affecting more and more people in the industrialized world.

"Not surprisingly, neurofibrillary tangles similar to those found in the brains of Alzheimer’s victims have also been reported in the brain of an autistic person at autopsy."
http://www.greatplainslaboratory.com/home/eng/candida.asp
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Scott Mendelson, M.D.
03:42 PM on 05/19/2010
Neurofibrillary tangles occur in many brain conditions that have absolutely nothing to do with Alzheimer's. Head injury or head banging (a common behavior in some autistic children) is a common cause. Neurofibrillary tangles are also commonly seen in perfectly normal brains.
09:11 PM on 05/19/2010
Could you provide a link showing that these tangles are common in normal brains? I did a search and couldn't find any tangles in people without brain conditions and/or head injury.
07:31 PM on 05/21/2010
"In a new study focusing on what's right in the brains of older people rather than what's wrong, researchers found some elderly individuals with super-sharp memories altogether escaped the formation of tangles associated with memory loss."

"Healthy people develop moderate numbers of tangles, with the most severe cases linked to Alzheimer's disease. But now we have evidence that some individuals are immune to tangle formation. The evidence also supports the notion that the presence of tangles may influence cognitive performance."

"The next step, researchers say, is to determine the role environment, lifestyle and genetics play in the immunity to tangle formation and subsequent memory loss."

Source: Presented at the 239th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, March 23, 2010; San Franciso
08:32 AM on 05/19/2010
The NIH report was poorly written at best and at times it seemed to be contradicting itself. If the purpose of the report was to convince people that they are predisposed to Alzheimer's by birth and as a result their is nothing you can do to prevent Alzheimer's they did a good job. Otherwise the report is a waste of time and effort.

The report dismissed much of the existing research because it did not rise to their standard. In my opinion a standard that is not likely to be reached anytime soon due to funding, and or lack of funding.

You did a good job in your article raising issues about the report.

Bob DeMarco
Alzheimer's Reading Room
http://www.alzheimersreadingroom.com
09:29 AM on 05/19/2010
Thanks, Bob. I appreciate the feedback. Scott
11:39 PM on 05/18/2010
If your child was bit by a rabid animal,would you get the shots?
09:19 PM on 05/18/2010
Dr. Mendelson, From what I understand, there is still quite a bit of debate about whether the "plaques" and "tangles" that are hallmarks of Alzheimer's are actually caused by the disease or byproducts of the neurodegeneration that takes place. I'm interested in your take. I am interested in writing about this on my http://dementiawareness.blogspot blog devoted to dementia. Thank you!
09:28 AM on 05/19/2010
Dear Amberink, You ask a very interesting question! What appears to be the case is that the "plaques and tangles" are both the cause and byproducts of the disease! There is a big circle of damaging processes in the illness. Thus, for example, accumulation of amyloid plaque can cause inflammation and poor blood supply that can cause oxidative damage and other lesions. In turn, inflammation and oxidative stress can increase deposition of amyloid. Thus, the illness can begin with inflammation and oxidative damage, or with a genetic predisposition to amyloid deposition. There are many such "circles" of damage in the illness than can be generated by different problems. I hope this oversimplified answer is helpful. Best to you, Scott Mendelson