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Sheldon Filger

Sheldon Filger

Posted April 26, 2009 | 04:07 PM (EST)

Does Torture Work? Ask the Nazis Who Interrogated Noor Khan


Former Vice President Dick Cheney is on a mission. He has taken to the airwaves, seeking to repair the tarnished legacy that belongs to him and George W. Bush. With the U.S. economy in free fall collapse due in large measure to the catastrophic fiscal policies of the late Bush-Cheney administration, the former Vice President has chosen a rationale that is far removed from the realm of economics. In the perverse logic that only Mr. Cheney seems capable of, he is claiming that his legacy should be revered because he and the 43rd U.S. president were willing to use torture in the so-called war against terrorism, what he and his supporters euphemistically refer to as "enhanced interrogation techniques." The essence of Dick Cheney's argument is that the ends justify the means, the rationalization favored by tyrannies since time immemorial.

Torture works, says Dick Cheney. Unquestionably, torture is very effective in obtaining false confessions. The Spanish Inquisition and the Stalinist show trials of the 1930s are among a rogue's gallery of evidence that these "enhanced interrogation techniques" will force most people to admit to virtually anything. Stalin's secret police chief, Beria, once boasted, "give me a man for 24 hours and I'll have him confessing he is the King of England."

But as a useful tool for obtaining accurate, vital information, is torture truly efficacious? Dick Cheney, the man who obtained 5 draft deferments during the Vietnam War, is not, in my view, the most authentic judge on this matter. Let us look to the Third Reich, which made use of torture against those it deemed as "security threats" without the least restraint. In particular, we should recall the case of Noor Inayat Khan.

A young Muslim woman, Noor Khan was a descendant of Tipu Sultan, the last Mogul Emperor of Southern India. After her family relocated to France, she studied at the Sorbonne, and became a musician and author of children's books. A petite and fragile woman, she was brought up in the Sufi tradition of pacifism, and by all accounts was as gentle and kindly a soul as could be. When the Nazis invaded and occupied France in 1940, Ms. Khan and her family escaped to England.

Though a pacifist, Noor was deeply affected by the occupation of her adopted homeland, and the anti-Semitic bestiality of the Nazis. She became convinced that it was her duty to fight the Nazis, even at the cost of her own life. She volunteered for service with the Special Operations Executive of British intelligence, where she was trained as a radio operator. In 1943 she was flown into France, where for four months she was the principal radio liaison between the French Resistance and the SOE, until she was betrayed to the Nazis. In November 1943 she was transported to the notorious Pforzheim prison in Germany, where she endured ten months of sheer hell.

Physically and psychologically, Noor Khan was subjected to the ultimate form of Cheney's "enhanced interrogation techniques." The Gestapo was determined to break her, and compel her to reveal every piece of vital information she possessed. To begin with, Noor Khan was placed in solitary confinement on a starvation diet, chained hand and foot, and frequently denied even a scrap of clothing. She was subjected to barbaric beatings and water torture, and that was only the beginning. Survivors of Pforzheim recall often hearing her cries of agony, as Noor was subjected to all the refinements created by man's capacity for inventive inhumanity. The Nazis would subject their most recalcitrant security prisoners to having their bodies suspended until their joints were dislocated, piercing and burning their flesh, ripping out fingernails and crushing the digits of their hands. Female prisoners, in particular, were subjected to electric shocks being applied to the most sensitive regions of their bodies. What Noor endured during those ten months at Pforzheim can scarcely be imagined. It must have been beyond human endurance. Yet this cultured, delicate woman endured the unendurable. She never broke. Noor Khan would not even reveal to the Nazis her true identity. Finally, her captors admitted defeat and sent Noor to her final destination on earth, Dachau concentration camp.

On September 13, 1944, in front of other prisoners who witnessed her final hours, Noor Khan was stripped naked and then savagely beaten by SS guards at Dachau. A pistol was pointed at her head. Before the trigger was pulled, Noor's last word ever to be uttered was overheard: "Liberty."

The life of Noor Inayat Khan does not prove that torture does not work. What her martyrdom does demonstrate is that torture is only effective when all understanding of the concept of liberty is lost to a nation.

Former Vice President Dick Cheney is on a mission. He has taken to the airwaves, seeking to repair the tarnished legacy that belongs to him and George W. Bush. With the U.S. economy in free fall colla...
Former Vice President Dick Cheney is on a mission. He has taken to the airwaves, seeking to repair the tarnished legacy that belongs to him and George W. Bush. With the U.S. economy in free fall colla...
 
 
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03:41 PM on 04/27/2009
If torture worked, Christianity wouldn't exist.
12:25 PM on 04/27/2009
An anecdote proves nothing. Not for any side of any proposition.
12:15 PM on 04/27/2009
Every single time Dick Cheney claims torture 'works' the journalist ought to ask him if that means that if HE was subjected to these methods he would give up all that he knows about US security...

I'd just love to hear him get out of that one! Will he retract and claim that it wouldn't work on him? Or will he admit to being a security risk and a but-for-the-grace-of-God-traitor?
08:01 AM on 04/27/2009
History has shown torture to be the last resort of those insecure and paranoid. Keeping people terrified keeps those sadists in power. History is littered with the remains of those who committed horrible crimes against its own people (Pol Pot, Pinoche, Hitler to name three as well as the US). Torture and those confessions are all about propaganda, not the truth.
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11:12 PM on 04/26/2009
If Noor Khan really didn't reveal useful information, I think she must be an exceptional, very unusual person.
I find it hard to buy the claim that torture is ineffective. The problem, as you point out, is that a person will say anything (which is easy to believe) leaving the problem of sorting out what information is useful.
I prefer the question: Is the effectiveness of torture even relevant?
John McCain said "It's not what they do, it's what we do." Part of the growing up process is coming to realize that it's not what others do, it's what I do.
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MajorKong
If the pilot's good, see, I mean if he's reeeally
07:27 AM on 04/27/2009
The North Vietnamese (who we reverse engineered our techniques from) never found it all that effective as a means of gathering useful intelligence. They found it to be more useful for forcing false confessions for propaganda purposes.

The FBI has very effective methods of interrogation that don't require repeatedly drowning someone to within an inch of their life.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
LeftRight
TANSTAAFL
07:37 AM on 04/27/2009
And oddly enough it results in a very high percentage of reliable, actionable intelligence, compared to torture, where we don't know the percentage, but it's less than 50%!!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
LeftRight
TANSTAAFL
07:36 AM on 04/27/2009
Of course she was an exceptional person. Almost everyone tortured breaks down in some way. Those who may have some actionable, reliable information may give that out. On the other hand, the rest of us (and sometimes those with the intelligence sought....) will simply give out whatever we think the torturer wants to hear!! It doesn't work not because the people won't confess, it doesn't work because they will confess to SUICIDE!!
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
Fzetmptres1
10:24 PM on 04/26/2009
WOW! Let the War Crime Tribunals begin~The revolution will be televised!!
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MajorKong
If the pilot's good, see, I mean if he's reeeally
10:01 PM on 04/26/2009
"Italy can survive the loss of Aldo Moro. It would not survive the introduction of torture." - General Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldo_Moro#Kidnapped.2C_March_16.2C_1978
12:28 AM on 04/27/2009
Or at least the public acknowledgement of torture - which in some "civilized" countries is of course the most important moral imperative.
09:43 PM on 04/26/2009
Its a shame someone with real power, you know like some sort of top leader could let the justice system loose on them. Maybe even encourage investigations. Who knows maybe one will pop up yet.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
PartTimeRoadie
10:05 PM on 04/26/2009
He is *gasp* actually allowing the checks and balances of the Constitution try to do it's job. The Executive Branch is not responsible for investigating the Office of the (former) President. That job belongs to the Congress.

We must give them more time to work through the motions and investigations. Obama would never have authorized the release of the memo's if he wasn't intended to stoke that fire.

Obama is doing the right, if painfully slow, thing. Not just in the political context, but in the sense of due process. Something that has been on life support for the last 8 years, but is slowly starting to regain the use of it's vital functions.

We can scream and carry on in 2 years if the Congress still hasn't done anything, and Obama hasn't taken a harder stance. For now, I'm giving them the benefit of the doubt (emphasis: for now)

(BTW: When Franken gets seated, it will make it that much harder for the GOP, and the Dems that are in CYA mode, to block things)
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NotEvenAmerican
Just an interested bystander.
07:49 PM on 04/26/2009
I don't understand. Bush and Cheney are known to have lied, to endorse torture, to have broken laws and countless other issues.

Yet, nothing is being done about them. Clinton committed adultery and they chased him from here to kingdom come. The Republicans think that sex is worse than all of this war, torture and economic collapse?

I just don't get it. And I guess I never will.
07:19 PM on 04/26/2009
Cowardice, precisely what the draft dodgers Bush and Cheney are ultimately guilty of:

Cowardice to support the Vietnam War while being afraid to serve themselves.

Cowards that failed to protect the Constitution and the rule of Law and instead chose to pervert them to sell an unnecessary war that has cost the lives of tens of thousands.

Cowards to proclaim that 'the end justifies the means' (to paraphrase Cheney) though their and the Nation's soul is permanently tarnished by their misdeeds.

Cowards to torture for their own ends and then to hide behind "protecting America" as justification.

Cowards to hide behind the Flag and accuse those who would question them as being unpatriotic.

There is no "legacy" for Cowards Mr. Bush and Herr Cheney, just ignominy.
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rabiddog6708
This Dog's bite is Worse Than his Bark
07:12 PM on 04/26/2009
What has happened to the American people that they would lower themselves to accepting torture as an acceptable interrogation tool? Our country was just as viciously attacked at Pearl Harbor, but we did not descend to the depths of the Nazis and the Janpanese in our treatment of the enemy.
10:05 PM on 04/26/2009
I believe the families of over 220,000 Japanese who lived in Hiroshima and Nagasaki might disagree with your statement.
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER
LeftRight
TANSTAAFL
07:39 AM on 04/27/2009
We tortured those people??? I'm not saying that we were right to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but we were HARDLY torturing them!
12:12 AM on 04/27/2009
Well, we very nearly did with the forced imprisonment of 10,000's of American Citizens of Japanese descent during that war without any due process whatsoever.

That is the very thin line that we broke under Bush and Cheney, that's why there should be a full accounting. We have seen the enemy and it is us.
HUFFPOST SUPER USER
WilliamL
08:41 AM on 04/27/2009
Pear Harbor and their homeland put them in those camps.
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johannesrolf
just a poor Tyrolean boy.
05:48 PM on 04/26/2009
the only time I want to see Cheney and Bush again is in the dock.
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HUFFPOST COMMUNITY MODERATOR
lisakaz2
Da ministero dell'interno di Snark.
05:42 PM on 04/26/2009
Thanks for telling the story of this brave lady who is everything the Bou$hees are not.
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BurtR
05:39 PM on 04/26/2009
Everyone should read the life of Noor Khan a Muslim woman from the Sufi tradition. It is ironic to read her book "Jataka Tales" which tells of previous incarnations of Buddha (animals) who sacrificed themselves for others.
It is if her book was preparation for her life
05:24 PM on 04/26/2009
Torture reveals the torturer to be the cowards they are, but it also reveals that they are incapable of out-smarting the "bad guys." Torturing someone doesn't take brain power but it does take ruthlessness and depravity from what we hope are otherwise good people.