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Simon Jenkins

Simon Jenkins

Posted: May 8, 2010 01:16 PM

Cry for Help From UK to USA

What's Your Reaction:

Britain is this weekend the victim of a constitutional asteroid attack. We need help. The election delivered exactly the mysterious, secretive backroom bargaining that a first-past-the-post constituency system -- as in the US house of representatives -- was supposed to avoid. It rarely fails to do so, but when as now it does the outcome is chaos.

The cause of the trouble is a paradox. By favouring the two big parties, the British system usually yields a decisive victor who can get decisions quickly delivered through a parliamentary majority. The cost is a legislature that is grossly unfair to minorities. It has just taken an average of 285,000 votes to get one Green MP into the Commons and 119,000 votes to get one Liberal Democrat. This compares with an average of 33,000 for a Conservative or Labour MP.

Yet if parliamentary representation were proportional to votes, the minority parties would almost always be able to hold the executive to ransom. The outcome can be seen in many European countries -- and in Israel. If the choice is between being unfair to minorities and unfair to the majorities, the former is surely the preferable evil.

The British constitution is rubbish. It is still what it was at the time of the American war of independence, based on the pre-democratic concept of a chamber to advise, finance and curb a hereditary monarch.

There is only one way of squaring this circle and that is a formal separation of powers, as in Washington and a myriad state and civic systems. A directly elected executive must barter its legislative programme with a proportionally elected assembly. What would in effect be a British president (with the Queen still standing aloof) would sit apart from a Commons, which would be composed of both territorial and party representatives. The executive would have to negotiate its measures with the legislature and its varied interests.

Any student of American politics is aware of the current shortcomings of a constitutional separation of powers. All I can say is that power separated is a whole lot better than power concentrated, even in a democracy. This week's election has seen Britain's concentration shattered, and it does not know which way to turn. So please tell us that separation, warts and all, is better!

 
 
 
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02:06 PM on 05/10/2010
The results of the British election should be reason for delight, not apprehension. At last there is the potentiality for a government that better reflects public opinion. It doesn't matter if it makes it harder to "get things done". As I see it, when Tony Blair went along with Bush's conquest of Iraq, that was getting too much done. The British weren't much in favor of getting involved in Iraq. Had representation been proportional, it might have better reflected public opinion, and the government might have been more circumspect and deliberate. The whole Iraq war might have been prevented.
01:01 PM on 05/10/2010
Although a support for the Liberal Democrats for ages, and therefore, of PR under the STV, I believe there is another solution that keeps the first past the post system. Full independence for Scotland and Wales. England would have a Tory majority government, and Scotland and Wales would be run by Labour.
12:43 PM on 05/10/2010
Simon, I personally see no direct connection between the House in the USA and first past the post in the UK.

If there would be a national primary day in the USA, with more than 2 political parties, I might consider a connection. Until then, well....
11:29 AM on 05/10/2010
Democracies come in many forms. America's Federal system is one. I hope if you do reform you will not loose the things I have always admired about the British system. In a parliament you can have small parties that can negotiate and participate in a meaningful way. In the US a vote for a third party is essentially wasted. Also, having the executive elevated from the legislature seems to produce leaders who have a degree of articulateness and eloquence that American leaders often lack.
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10:24 AM on 05/10/2010
Ok, nice opinion you have there. As a Canadian, I would have to disagree strongly. America's system creates fake majorities by sidelining third parties into impossible positions. Did anyone actually think Perot or Nadar ever had the chance to win? Of course not, they just show that the fake "big-tent" parties are just failing to speak to a large minority of its constituents.

We have yet to find a good political system. From the mouth of Churchill: "Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all those other forms that have been tried". And so, when are system falls to crap, as it inevitably does, it is time to act creatively and find something new. To hold onto, as you say, pre-democratic rules is useless and conservative. On the other hand, to look at America as if it holds any answers, or anyone else actually, is useless as their system cannot be significantly better. To prove this, just ask Americans what they think of their political system and ask the British, I'm sure you will get the same responses every time.
12:43 PM on 05/10/2010
BINGO. Kudos for knowing the difference.
lastpost
see biography
06:53 AM on 05/10/2010
“The British constitution is rubbish.”
The British constitution is corrupt. In so far as it purports to be democracy when it isn’t. It does however permit control of the people by an elite, through use of delusion. That being, tell someone something for long enough and they will eventually accept it without question.

“So please tell us that separation, warts and all, is better!”
If the intention is for a minority to control the majority, at least have the honesty to admit as much. If you do not, then even you do not believe it justifiable. When neither reasonable nor correct, address an anomaly. If the aim is true democracy, then pursue true democracy. By making the power to pick policies a province of the people. It is claimed that the current model was devised in and exported from this country. Therefore, it was not a notion whose existence was a fact of nature. It had to be fashioned by humans. Anything arising from that origin is likely to be as flawed as the creatures creating it. And therefore in need of constant reappraisal. Why not take this opportunity to evolve a more logical system. One which, by virtue of its efficacy, will also permeate and change the world.
Or alternatively, we could just give up and stop voting altogether.
04:06 AM on 05/10/2010
Dear Mr. Jenkins,
I am from Germany, and I cannot agree with you that a proportional system like we have it here necessarily enables the minority parties to hold the major parties hostage. For one, we have a 5% cut, meaning that any party that does not get at least 5% of the votes is not represented in the Bundestag (the German parliament). This was designed in order to prevent a "Weimar situation" in which the parliament is fragmented into too many tiny factions. Moreover, I think a blockade situation often is due to the political culture in general than with a fragmentation of parliamentary seats into smaller parties. As I gather from US news, the American legislature - altough it entails only 2 parties - has great difficulties passing any meaningful reform because of the pervasive obstructivism and even hatred in the political arena. If people do not behave responsibly, they will find ways to play the system, no matter what.
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sposton
right to tell what they don't want to hear
11:58 PM on 05/09/2010
There is less difference between the UK and the US systems than the author assumes. Both systems are in complete control of economic elites and corporations. Whatever American democracy ever existed has now deteriorated into a sham democracy.

American system is very efficient from the plutarchy standpoint. The rich get whatever they want to the detriment of the people but people accept it all without any significant resistance because they live in illusion that whatever they get is the result of our democracy. A stealthy tyranny is much more effective and cheaper than outright tyranny but I suspect this system will sooner or later deteriorate into a more overt tyranny as more people realize what is really happening.

We have institutional checks and balances preventing any one branch of government of rising too much above others. The Founders could not have perceived that these checks and balance will be made irrelevant by an utterly parasitic outside force - corporations. There are no checks on corporations.
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realitytrumpsbull
two 'alves of coconut!
10:23 PM on 05/09/2010
If people cast a ballot, under the UK's system, or any other country's system, what happens to it, how much does a vote really count, and how much ends up being decided in the proverbial 'smoke-filled room' regardless of the outcome of the vote? Mainly, in some settings, 'government' seems to boil down to a bunch of people arguing about stuff, ostensibly on the behalf of other concerned parties who, having cast their ballot on a given issue, generally expect their representation to carry forward their views and choices thusly made. Where's the disconnect? If the People choose something, and government goes against it, then what was the point of holding a ballot to begin with, other than to support the guy with the brother over at the paper company?
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Aussieposter
And so it begins
07:47 PM on 05/09/2010
I an not quite sure how you start of with the voting system and end up with discussion on the seperation of powers. If anything the U.S. Systems suffers from the same flaws that the British system does, but they manifst themselves in differant ways.

As both systems use the first past the post voting system both are under represented by minor parties. While the U.K. Has a moderatly successful third party (Liberal Democrates) the U.S. operates under unweilding coalitions of the right and the left trying to maintain 2 parties in a two party voting system where Ideoligically there should be atleast half a dozen.

I can only assume here that what the author is suggesting is an American style presidential system, thus seperating The Prime Minister and Cabininate from parliament. In my humble opinion that would be exchanging one flawed system for another.

My advise to the British would be as follows

1. Abolish the house of lords and create an upperhouse elected by PR
2. Change the Method of voting for the House of Commons to preferential.
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Tony581
11:10 PM on 05/08/2010
The separation of powers established in the US Constitution is clearly a superior political system to the herky-jerky chaotic nature of British politics. The US system moderates changes in the political will of the majority, and that is usually a good thing. Policies don't change 180 degrees overnight in the US, even if the majority wishes it to be so.
02:29 AM on 05/09/2010
Tony, Tony, Tony.... Herkey-Jerky is good! Much better than silent but deadly like the U.S. System where deals are made in the dark of night after much jockying and exchange of currency.
The U.S. system moderates nothing except the attempted exercise of democracy by the people, who are given pabulum and told it is freedom.

And don't forget the gang of five who chose our former president for us. How'd you like that? Real pleased about how that democracy worked out are you?
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Tony581
07:02 PM on 05/09/2010
But when W was elected he couldn't immediately change everything - it took him a while to really get evil. If W's party was given a majority in the UK, and he was named Prime Minister, he could have attacked Iraq a couple of years earlier!
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10:29 AM on 05/10/2010
On one hand, you're system is good because its cautious. On the other hand, you're system is terribly because it promotes stagnation. How long did it take for women's rights? Minority Civil rights? Healthcare? Gay Marriage? You're country is behind socially and as its economic strength also starts stagnating you will begin to look more and more like a backwards waste of space because your political system is incapable of proper, streamlined, and quick change. Just ask Obama.
11:01 PM on 05/08/2010
Gawd, I hope your compatriots don't share your view on "democracy."
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10:06 PM on 05/08/2010
The electorate is divided on who should govern.
There will be another election fairly soon.
09:24 PM on 05/08/2010
"The British constitution is rubbish"

Many career politicians here feel the same about the US Constitution.
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ranchero42
Taunt him with the licence of ink...
12:45 AM on 05/09/2010
Really? I don't need to know the names; just tell us the parts they wish to change.

Do these politicians at all resemble the ones who had no problem with the Imperial Presidency of 2001-2009?
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Skepticat
Supporting skeptical felines everywhere
09:05 PM on 05/08/2010
With a proportional system you might at least get a few people with alternate ideas to taking corporate coin, shafting the voter for monied interests, enjoying life at the trough, and then becoming a lobbyist to sell your accumulated influence.There is also a chance that more interests might get represented at the table. I fail to see why this would be such a bad thing.
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FearlessFreep
I'm actually a radical leftist
09:11 PM on 05/08/2010
The case of Germany shows that PR won't necessarily produce instability or minority parties having excessive power.
09:20 PM on 05/08/2010
Germany has a 5% cutoff, i.e., any party that receives less than 5% of the vote does not get any seats. That removes a lot of the instability of a system without a cutoff like Italy, where any of the half-dozen or more parties cobbled together can bring down the government. It also removes the frivolous parties such as the "Surfer Party" or "Party Party" which always receive a handful of votes here in Florida.